Abstract
As postponing childbearing to later reproductive ages constitutes a trend in developed societies and cancer incidence increases with age, the occurrence of malignancy during pregnancy is likely to become an increasingly common phenomenon [1]. Still, gastrointestinal (GI), renal and pulmonary malignancies usually affect patients of older age, making their association with pregnancy rare. The experience accumulated suffices for the formulation of clinical guidelines only in the case of colorectal cancer, while in the case of other GI, renal and pulmonary tumours one must resort to application of standard clinical practice adapted to the peculiarities of pregnancy. In any case, the clinical expertise of the multidisciplinary management team, the extent of disease and the prognosis, coupled to feedback from the patient and family, will define the therapeutic approach.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Wingo PA, Tong T, Bolden S (1995) Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 45: 8–30
Jemal A, Thomas A, Murray T et al. (2002) Cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 52: 23–47
Nesbitt JC, Moise KJ, Sawyers JL (1985) Colorectal carcinoma in pregnancy. Arch Surg 120: 636–640
Girard RM, Lamarche J, Baillot R (1981) Carcinoma of the colon associated with pregnancy: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum 24: 473–475
Nomura A (1990) An international search for causative factors of colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 82: 894–895
Bernstein MA, Madoff RD, Caushaj PF (1993) Colon and rectal cancer in pregnancy. Dis Colon Rectum 36: 172–178
Van Voorhis B, Cruikshank DP (1989) Colon carcinoma complicating pregnancy: report of two cases. J Reprod Med 34: 923–927
Griffin PM, Liff JM, Greenberg RS et al. (1991) Adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum in persons under 40 years old: a population-based study. Gastroenterology 100: 1033–1040
Cappell MS (2003) Colon cancer during pregnancy. Clin North Am Gastroenterol 32: 341–385
Shushan A, Stemmer SM, Reubinoff BE et al. (1992) Carcinoma of the colon during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv 47: 222–225
Brent RL (1980) Radiation teratogenesis. Teratology 21: 281–298
Reece EA, Assimakopoulos E, Zheng XZ et al. (1990) The safety of obstetric ultrasonography: concern for the fetus. Obstet Gynecol 76: 139–146
Kanal E (1994) Pregnancy and the safety of magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2: 309–317
Cappell MS, Sidhom O, Colon V (1996) A study at ten medical centres of the safety and efficacy of 48 flexible sigmoidoscopies and eight colonoscopies during pregnancy with follow-up of fetal outcome and with comparison to control groups. Dig Dis Sci 41: 2353–2360
Lamerz R, Reuder IL (1976) Significance of CEA determination in patients with cancer of the colon-rectum and the mammary gland in comparison to physiological states in connection with pregnancy. Bull Cancer 63: 575–586
Recalde M, Holyoke ED, Elias EG (1974) Carcinoma of the colon, rectum and anal canal in young patients. Surg Gynecol Obstet 139: 909–913
Arbman G, Nilsson E, Storgren-Fordell V et al. (1996) A short diagnostic delay is more important for rectal than for colonic cancer. Eur J Surg 162: 899–904
Kort B, Katz VL, Watson WJ. (1993) The effect of non obstetric operation during pregnancy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 177: 371–376
Saunders P, Milton PJD (1993) Laparotomy during pregnancy: an assessment of diagnostic accuracy and fetal wastage. BMJ 3: 165–167
Skilling JS (1998) Colorectal cancer complicating pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 25: 417–421
Fetus and Newborn Committee. (1994) Canadian Paediatric Society and Maternal-Fetal Medicine Committee, Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. Management of the woman with threatened birth of an infant of extremely low gestational age. CMAJ 151: 547–553
Walsh C, Fazio VW (1998) Cancer of the colon, rectum and anus during pregnancy: the surgeon`s perspective. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 27: 257–267
Pentheroudakis G, Pavlidis N (2006) Cancer and pregnancy: Poena Magna, not anymore. Eur J Cancer 42: 126–140
Song H, Wu P, Wang Y et al. (1988) Pregnancy outcomes after successful chemotherapy for choriocarcinoma and invasive mole: long term follow up. Am J Obstet Gynecol 158: 538–545
Cardonick E, Iacobucci A (2004) Use of chemotherapy during human pregnancy. Lancet Oncol 5: 283–291
Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ (2002) Folic acid. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation: a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams Wilkins pp. 583–597
Doll DC, Ringeberg S, Yarbro JW (1988) Management of cancer during pregnancy. Arch Intern Med 148: 2058–2064
Korenaga D, Orita H, Mackawa S et al. (1997) Relationship between hormone receptor levels and cell-kinetics in human colorectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 44: 78–83
Slattery ML, Samowitz WS, Holden JA (2000) Estrogen and progesterone receptors in colon tumors. Am J Clin Pathol 113: 364–368
Chute GG, Willett WC, Colditz GA et al. (1991) A prospective study of reproductive history and exogenous estrogens on the risk of colorectal cancer in women. Epidemiology 2: 201–207
Smith C, Butler JA (1989) Colorectal cancer in patients younger than 40 years of age. Dis Colon Rectum 32: 843–846
Chan YM, Ngai SW, Lao TT (1999) Colon cancer in pregnancy: a case report. J Reprod Med 44: 733–736
Μatley PJ, Dent DM, Madden MV et al. (1988) Gastric carcinoma in young adults. Am Surg 208: 539–596
Haas FJ (1984) Pregnancy in association with a newly diagnosed cancer-a population based epidemiologic assessment. Int J Cancer 34: 229–235
Dupont JB, Lee JR, Burton GR et al. (1978) Adenocarcinoma of the stomach—a review of 1497 cases. Cancer 41: 941–947
Ueo H, Matsuoka H, Tamura S et al. (1991) Prognosis in gastric cancer associated with pregnancy. World J Surg 15: 293–298
Jaspers VKI, Gillessen A, Quakernack K (1999) Gastric cancer in pregnancy: do pregnancy, age or female sex alter the prognosis? Eur J Obstet Gynecol 87: 13–22
Maeta M, Yamashiro H, Oka A et al. (1995) Gastric cancer in the young, with special reference to 14 pregnancy-associated cases: analysis based on 2325 consecutive cases of gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol 58 :191–195
Tso PL, Bringaze WL, Dauterive AH et al. (1987) Gastric carcinoma in the young. Cancer 59: 1362–1365
Wu CW, Chang YF, Yeh TH et al. (1994) Steroid hormone receptors in three human gastric cancer cell lines. Dig Dis Sci 39: 2689–2694
Furukawa H, Iwanaga T, Hiratsuka M et al. (1994) Gastric cancer in young adults: growth accelerating effect of pregnancy and delivery. J Surg Oncol 55: 3–6
Cappell MS, Colon VJ, Sidhom OA (1996) A study of eight medical centres of the safety and clinical efficacy of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in 83 pregnant females with follow-up of fetal outcome with comparison control groups. Am J Gastroenterol 91: 348–354
Donegan WL (1991) Invited commentary. World J Surg 15: 298
Bender S (1950) Placental metastases in malignant disease complicated by pregnancy. Br Med J 30: 980–981
Blackbourne LH, Jones RS, Catalano CJ, Iezzoni JC, Bourgeois FJ (1997) Pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the pregnant patient: case report and review of the literature. Cancer 79: 1776–1779
Porcel JM, Ordi J, Castells L et al. (1992) Probable pancreatic cancer in a pre-eclamptic patient. Eur J Obstet Gynecol 44: 80–82
Targarona EM, Pons MD, Gonzalez G et al. (1991) Is exocrine pancreatic cancer a hormone-dependent tumor? A study of the existence of sex hormone receptors in normal and neoplastic pancreas. Hepatogastroenterol 38(2): 16516–9
Teras LR, Patel AV, Rodriguez C et al. (2005) Parity, other reproductive factors, and risk of pancreatic cancer mortality in a large cohort of US women. Cancer Causes Control 16(9): 1035–1040
Pejovic T, Mari G, Schwartz PE (1991) Rare tumors in pregnancy. In: Lishner M, et al. Cancer and Pregnancy. Lippincott, Philadelphia
Lopez-Tomasetti Fernandez EM, Martin MA, Arteaga GI et al. (2005) Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas during pregnancy: the importance of proper management. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 12: 494–497
Kato M, Kubota K, Kita J et al. (2005) Huge mucinous cystadenoma of the pancreas developing during pregnancy: a case report. Pancreas 30: 186–188
Su LL, Biswas A, Wee A, Sufyan W (2006) Placental metastases from pancreatic adenocarcinoma in pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 85: 626–627
British National Formulary (2000) Appendix 4: Pregnancy. British Medical Association and The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, BNF 40th edition, London, pp. 644–657
Lau WY, Leung WT, Ho S et al. (1995) Hepatocellular carcinoma during pregnancy and its comparison with other pregnancy-associated malignancies. Cancer 75: 2669–2676
Au WY, Lie AK, Liang R et al. (2002) Aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma complicating pregnancy after autologous bone marrow transplantation for non Hodgkin`s lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant 29: 177–179
Johnson PJ, Krashner N, Portmann B et al. (1978) Hepatocellular carcinoma in Great Britain: influence of age, sex, HbsAg status and etiology of underlying cirrhosis. Gut 19: 1022–1026
Jeng L, Lee W, Wang C et al. (1995) Hepatocellular carcinoma in a pregnant woman detected by routine screening of maternal alpha-fetoprotein. Am J Obstet Gynecol 172: 219–220
Kroll D, Mazor M, Zirkin H et al. (1991) Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver in pregnancy: a case report. J Reprod Med 36(11): 823–827
Cobey FC, Salem RR (2004) A review of liver masses in pregnancy and a proposed algorithm for their diagnosis and management. Am J Surg 187: 181–191
Jabbour N, Brenner M, Gagandeep S et al. (2005) Major hepatobiliary surgery during pregnancy: safety and timing. Am Surg 71: 354–358
La Vecchia C, Negri E, Franseschi S et al. (1992) Reproductive factors and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in women. Int J Cancer;52(3): 351–354
Mucci LA, Kupper HE, Tamimi R et al. (2001) Age at menarche and age at menopause in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma in women. BJOG 108: 291–294
Lambe M, Trichopoulos D, Hsieh CC et al. (1993) Parity and hepatocellular carcinoma. A population-based study in Sweden. Int J Cancer 55(5): 745–747
Rembriese R, Ptak W, Budak M (1974) The immuno-suppressive effect of mouse placental steroids. Experientia 30: 82–83
Moore JL, Martin JN (1992) Cancer and pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 19: 815–827
Nowak AK, Stockler MR, Chow PK, Findlay M (2005) Use of tamoxifen in advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma. A systematic review. Cancer 103: 1408–1414
Entezami M, Becker A, Ebert A et al. (1996) Hepatocellular carcinoma as a rare cause of an excessive increase in AFP during pregnancy. Gynecol Oncol 62: 405–407
Wingo AP, Tong Τ, Bolden S (1995) Cancer Statistics 1995. CA Cancer J Clin 45 :8–30
Landis SH, Murray T, Bolden S, Wingo PA (1999) Cancer statistics 1999 CA Cancer J Clin 49: 8–31
Chow WH, Devesa SS, WarRen JL, Fraumeni JF Jr. (1999) Rising incidence of Renal cancer in the United States. JAMA 281: 1628–1631
Kreiger N, Marrett LD, Dodds L, Hilditch S, Darlington GA (1993) Risk factors for renal cell carcinoma: results of a population-based case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 4(2): 101–110
Kamat AM, Shock RP, Naya Y, Rosser CJ, Slaton JW, Pisters LL (2004) Prognostic value of body mass index in patients undergoing nephrectomy for localized renal tumors. Urology 63(1): 46–50
Mellemgaard A, Engholm G, McLaughlin JK, Olsen JH (1994) Risk factors for renal-cell carcinoma in Denmark. III. Role of weight, physical activity and reproductive factors. Int J Cancer 56(1): 66–71
Lambe M, Lindblad P, Wuu J, Remler R, Hsieh CC (2002) Pregnancy and risk of renal cell cancer: a population-based study in Sweden. Br J Cancer 86(9): 1425–1429
Mundy A. Low-Stage RCC in pregnancy: Immunohistochemical evaluation. Personal communication
Loughlin KR (1995) The management of urological malignancies during pregnancy. Br J Urol 76(5): 639–644
Jennings SB, Gnarra JR, Walter MM, Zbar B, Linehan WM (1995) Renal cell carcinoma: Molecular genetics and clinical implications. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 4: 219–229
Latif F, Tory K, Gnarra J, Yao M, Duh FM, Orcutt ML, Stackhouse T, Kuzmin I, Modi W, Geil L et al. (1993) Identification of the von Hippel-Lindau disease tumor suppressor gene. Science 260(5112): 1317–1320
Gnarra JR, Zhou S, Merrill MJ, Wagner JR, Krumm A, Papavassiliou E, Oldfield EH, Klausner RD, Linehan WM (1996) Post-transcriptional regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA by the product of the VHL tumor suppressor gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93(20): 10589–10594
Walker JL, Knight EL (1986) Renal cell carcinoma in pregnancy. Cancer 58(10): 2343–2347
Cozzoli A, Teppa A, Gregorini G (2003) Spontaneous renal hemorrhage occurring during pregnancy. J Nephrol 16(4): 595
Schneider-Monteiro ED, Lucon AM, de Figueiredo AA, Rodrigues Junior AJ, Arap S (2003) Bilateral giant renal angiomyolipoma associated with hepatic lipoma in a patient with tuberous sclerosis. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo 58(2): 103–108
Herndon CD, Cain MP (2003) Antenatal hydroureteronephrosis presenting as an apparent solid renal mass. Urology 62(1): 144
Gnessin E, Dekel Y, Baniel J (2002) Renal cell carcinoma in pregnancy. Urology 60(6): 1111
Mydlo JH, Chawla S, Dorn S, Volpe MA, Shah S, Imperato PJ (2002) Renal cancer and pregnancy in two different female cohorts. Can J Urol 9(5): 1634–1636
Durrani OH, Ng L, Bihrle W 3rd. (2002) Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in a patient with the Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. J Urol 168(4 Pt 1): 1484–1485
Qureshi F, Gabr A, Eltayeb AA (2002) Renal cell carcinoma (chromophobe type) in the first trimester of pregnancy. Scand J Urol Nephrol 36(3): 228–230
Ganzera S, Nguyen HN, Wiemann H, Schneider J, Jakubowski HD (2002) Retroperitoneal giant angiomyolipoma diagnosed post-partum with lymph node involvement. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 127(27): 1463–1466
Shiroyanagi Y, Kondo T, Tomita E, Onitsuka S, Ryoji O, Ito F, Nakazawa H, Toma H (2002) Nephron-sparing tumorectomy for a large benign renal mass: a case of massive bilateral renal angiomyolipomas associated with tuberous sclerosis. Int J Urol 9(2): 117–119
Gladman MA, MacDonald D, Webster JJ, Cook T, Williams G (2002) Renal cell carcinoma in pregnancy. J R Soc Med 95(4): 199–201
Dakir M, Aboutaieb R, Dahami Z, Meziane F, Ghazli M, Benjelloun S (2001) Kidney cancer and pregnancy Prog Urol 11(6): 1269–1273
Hatakeyama S, Habuchi T, Ichimura Y, Akihama S, Terai Y, Kakinuma H, Akao T, Sato S, Kato T (2002) Rapidly growing renal angiomyolipoma during pregnancy with tumor thrombus into the inferior vena cava: a case report. Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 93(1): 48–51
Henderson NL, Mason RC (2001) Juxtaglomerular cell tumor in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol (5 Pt 2): 943–945
Tanaka M, Kyo S, Inoue M, Kojima T (2001) Conservative management and vaginal delivery following ruptured renal angiomyolipoma. Obstet Gynecol 98(5 Pt 2): 932–933
Mancuso A, Macri A, Palmara V, Scuderi G, Grosso M, Famulari C (2001) Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 80(10): 967–969
Khaitan A, Hemal AK, Seth A, Gupta NP, Gulati MS, Dogra PN (2001) Management of renal angiomyolipoma in complex clinical situations. Urol Int 67(1): 28–33
Mascarenhas R, McLaughlin P (2001) Haemorrhage from angiomyolipoma of kidney during pregnancy—a diagnostic dilemma. Ir Med J 94(3): 83–84
Kobayashi T, Fukuzawa S, Miura K, Matsui Y, Fujikawa K, Oka H, Takeuchi H (2000) A case of renal cell carcinoma during pregnancy: simultaneous cesarean section and radical nephrectomy. J Urol 163(5): 1515–1516
Shah J, Jones J, Miller MA, Patel U, Anson KM (1999) Selective embolization of bleeding renal angiomyolipoma in pregnancy. J R Soc Med 92(8): 414–415
Oka D, Mizutani S, Takao T, Inoue H, Nishimura K, Miyoshi S (1999) Spontaneous rupture of a renal angiomyolipoma in pregnancy: a case report. Hinyokika Kiyo 45(6): 423–425
Usta IM, Chammas M, Khalil AM (1998) Renal cell carcinoma with hypercalcemia complicating a pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 19(6): 584–587
Lesourd B, Siquier J, Haillot O, Lanson Y (1997) Nephrectomy for cancer in pregnant women. Apropos of a case J Urol (Paris) 103(1–2): 59–61
Lesourd B, Peyrat L, Haillot O, Lanson Y (1998) Discovery of a renal chromophobe cell carcinoma in a pregnant woman. Apropos of a case. Ann Urol (Paris) 32(3):133–137
Forsnes EV, Eggleston MK, Burtman M (1996) Placental abruption and spontaneous rupture of renal angiomyolipoma in a pregnant woman with tuberous sclerosis. Obstet Gynecol 88 (4 Pt 2): 725
Pobil Moreno JL, Martinez Rodriguez J, Maestro Duran JL, Morales Lopez A (1996) Renal incidentaloma and pregnancy. Arch Esp Urol 49(7): 755–757
Yanai H, Sasagawa I, Kubota Y, Ishigooka M, Hashimoto T, Kaneko H, Nakada T (1996) Spontaneous hemorrhage during pregnancy secondary to renal angiomyolipoma. Urol Int 56(3): 188–191
Wolff JM, Jung PK, Adam G, Jakse G (1995) Non-traumatic rupture of the urinary tract during pregnancy. Br J Urol 76(5): 645–648
Farina LA (1995) Rapidly growing renal angiomyolipoma associated with pregnancy. Actas Urol Esp 19(5): 425–427
Monga M, Benson GS, Parisi VM (1995) Renal cell carcinoma presenting as hemolytic anemia in pregnancy. Am J Perinatol 12(2): 84–86
Gross AJ, Zoller G, Hermanns M, Ringert RH (1995) Renal cell carcinoma during pregnancy. Br J Urol 75(2): 254–255
Ponsot Y, Blouin D, Carmel M (1994) Hemorrhagic rupture of an angiomyolipoma during pregnancy. Review of the literature apropos of a case. Prog Urol 4(4): 578–581
Fernandez Arjona M, Minguez R, Serrano P, Sanz J, Teba F, Peinado F, Nieto S, Pereira I (1994) Rapidly-growing renal angiomyolipoma associated with pregnancy. Actas Urol Esp 18(7): 755–757
Smith DP, Goldman SM, Beggs DS, Lanigan PJ (1994) Renal cell carcinoma in pregnancy: report of three cases and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol 83(5 Pt 2): 818–820
Thomas D, Henriet J, Schellinck P, Engelholm L, Corbusier A, Larsimont D (1994) Kidney cancer: fortuitous discovery of a para-uterine mass at the beginning of pregnancy. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 23(2): 188–192
Bartha Rasero JL, Bedoya Bergua C, Diaz Cano S, Sanchez Ramos J (1993) Renal-cell adenocarcinoma and massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage during pregnancy. Arch Esp Urol 46(5): 421–423
Morrison JJ, Robinson RE (1992) Renal cell carcinoma: an unusual cause of second trimester hypertension. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 99(9): 775–776
Sheil O, Redman CW, Pugh C (1991) Renal failure in pregnancy due to primary renal lymphoma. Case report. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 98(2): 216–217
Gutierrez Banos JL, Portillo Martin JA, Martin Garcia B, Hernandez Rodriguez R (1990) Adenocarcinoma of the kidney in pregnancy. Presentation of a case. Arch Esp Urol 43(3): 296–297
Fraser WD, Auger M, Onerheim RM (1989) Renal oncocytoma in pregnancy: a case report. Can J Surg 32(2): 124–126
Meredith WT, Levine E, Ahlstrom NG, Grantham JJ (1988) Exacerbation of familial renal lymphangiomatosis during pregnancy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 151(5): 965–966
Ozmen M, Deren O, Akata D, Akhan O, Ozen H, Durukan T (2001) Renal lymphangiomatosis during pregnancy: management with percutaneous drainage. Eur Radiol 11(1): 37–40
Czerkwinski J, Marianowski L, Szymanowski J, Ulanowska D (1988) A case of spontaneous rupture of simple renal angioma in pregnancy. Wiad Lek 41(19): 1318–1321
Selli C, Bartolozzi C, Amorosi A, Carini M (1988) Incidental finding of renal cell carcinoma with histological regressive aspects in a pregnant woman. Eur Urol 15(3–4): 287–289
Lipman JC, Loughlin K, Tumeh SS (1987) Bilateral renal masses in a pregnant patient with tuberous sclerosis. Invest Radiol 22(11): 912–915
Atalla A, Page IJ, Young KR, Payne MJ, Elwood JS (1987) Rupture of angiomyolipoma of the kidney presenting as puerperal collapse. J R Army Med Corps 133(3): 166–168
Steiner H, Kullnig P, Petritsch P, Stenzel A, Ratschek M (1987) Renal cell carcinoma in a 19-year-old female manifested during pregnancy. ROFO Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Nuklearmed 147(4): 457–459
Podluzhnyi GA, Braganets AM (1987) Spontaneous rupture of nephrocarcinoma in full-term pregnancy. Akush Ginekol (Mosk) (6): 67–68
Klein VR, Laifer S, Timoll EA, Repke JT (1987) Renal cell carcinoma in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 69(3 Pt 2): 531–533
Wiltschova M, Janku K, Uhlir M (1987) Grawitz tumor in pregnancy. Zentralbl Gynakol 109(16): 1042–1045
Ohba S, Moriguchi H, Tanaka S, Kobayashi Y, Ishiyama S, Gotoh K, Tozuka K, Tokue A, Yonese Y (1986) A case of renal cell carcinoma during pregnancy. Hinyokika Kiyo 32(5): 751–756
Malone MJ, Johnson PR, Jumper BM, Howard PJ, Hopkins TB, Libertino JA (1986) Renal angiomyolipoma: 6 case reports and literature review. J Urol 135(2): 349–353
Lewis EL, Palmer JM (1985) Renal angiomyolipoma and massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage during pregnancy. West J Med 143(5): 675–676
Snoddy WM, Nelson RP, Nyberg LM Jr, Turner WR Jr, Curry N, Betsill W Jr, Rous SN (1985) Symptomatic renal mass in a patient with a positive pregnancy test. J Urol 133(6): 1015–1018
Shinoda I, Takeuchi T, Fujimoto Y, Kuriyama M, Ban Y, Nishiura T, Setsuda O, Shinoda T (1985) A case of postpartum spontaneous rupture of an angiomyolipoma. Hinyokika Kiyo 31(6): 1027–1036
Pozzi V, Cappa F, De Bernardinis G, Ventura T, Mascaretti G (1985) A case of renal angiomyolipoma in pregnancy Minerva Ginecol 37(4): 147–152
Le Guillou M, Ferriere JM, Barthaburu D, Nony P, Piechaud T, Gaston R (1985) Renal cancer in the pregnant woman. Ann Urol (Paris) 19(1): 69–70
Steiner E, Devaud G, Etienne P, Colombeau P (1984) Isolated arterial hypertension during pregnancy disclosing a malignant tumor of the kidney. Apropos of a case. J Chir (Paris) 121(2): 123–125
Bozeman G, Bissada NK, Abboud MR, Laver J (1995) Adult Wilms’ tumor: prognostic and management considerations. Urology 45(6): 1055–1058
Swierz J, Stawarz B (1994) Wilms’ tumor in a 22-year old woman during pregnancy. Pol Tyg Lek 49(8–9): 198–199
Davis LW (1987) Wilms’ tumor complicating pregnancy: report of a case. J Am Osteopath Assoc 87(4): 306–309
Karavasilis V, Briasoulis E, Mauri D, Zioga A, Pavlidis N (2003) Coexistence of renal cell carcinoma and pregnancy. A report of a case. F Clin Oncol 2(1): 68–71
Dumas JP, Colombeau P, Steiner E, Jouvie J (1984) Tumors of the kidney and pregnancy. Ann Urol (Paris) 18(5): 339–341
Harvey EB, Boice JD Jr, Honeyman M, Flannery JT (1985) Prenatal x-ray exposure and childhood cancer in twins. N Engl J Med 312(9):541–545
Pentheroudakis G, Pavlidis N (2006) Cancer and pregnancy: Poena Magna, not anymore. Eur J Cancer 42:126–140
Levine D, Barnes PD, Edelman RR (1999) Obstetric MR imaging. Radiology 211:609–617
Nagayama M, Watanabe Y, Okumura A, Amoh Y, Nakashita S, Dodo Y (2002) Fast MR imaging in obstetrics. Radiographics 22(3): 563–80; discussion 580–582
Shellock FG, Kanal E (1999) Safety of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. J Magn Reson Imaging 10: 477–484
Hendry WF (1997) Management of urological tumours in pregnancy. Br J Urol 80 (Suppl 1): 24–28
Rosen MA (1999) Management of anesthesia for the pregnant surgical patient. Anesthesiology 91(4): 1159–1163
Hiratsuka M, Minakami H, Koshizuka S, Sato I (2000) Administration of interferon-alpha during pregnancy: effects on fetus. J Perinat Med 28(5): 372–376
Ozaslan E, Yilmaz R, Simsek H, Tatar G (2002) Interferon therapy for acute hepatitis C during pregnancy. Ann Pharmacother 36(11): 1715–1718
Shiraishi H, Hayakawa S, Satoh K (1996) Murine experimental abortion by IL-2 administration is caused by activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and placental apoptosis. J Clin Lab Immunol 48(3): 93–108
Rezaei A, Dabbagh A (2002) T-helper-1 cytokines increase during early pregnancy in women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Med Sci Monit 8: CR607–CR610
Cutuli BF, Methlin A, Teissier E, Schumacher C, Jung GM (1990) Radiation therapy in the treatment of metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. Prog Clin Biol Res 348:179–186
Wax JR, Pinette MG, Blackstone J et al. (2002) Non-bilharzial bladder carcinoma complicating pregnancy: review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv 57: 236–244
Castrillo HA, Villanueva Pena A, de Rodriguez E et al. (2005) Hematuria during pregnancy caused by a bladder tumour. Report of 2 cases. Actas Urol Esp 29:981–984
Spahn M, Bader P, Westermann D et al. (2005) Bladder carcinoma during pregnancy. Urol Int 74: 153–159
Mitra S, Williamson JG, Bullock KN et al. (2003) Bladder cancer in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol 23: 440–442
Wax JR, Ross J, Marotto L et al. (2002) Nonbilharzial bladder carcinoma complicating pregnancy-treatment with BCG. Am J Obstet Gynecol 187: 239–240
Choate JW, Thiede A, Miller HC (1964) Carcinoma of the bladder in pregnancy- report of three cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 90: 526–530
Dogra PN, Wadhwa SN, Gupta R (1991) Primary bladder carcinoma presenting during pregnancy-a report of two cases. Indian J Urol 8: 51–52
Hendry WF (1997) Management of urological tumours in pregnancy. Br J Urol (suppl 1)80: 24–28
Deneffe G, Lacquet LM, Verbeken E, Vermaut G (1988) Surgical treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma: a retrospective study of 720 thoracotomies. Ann Thorac Surg. 45(4): 380–383
Antkowiak JG, Regal AM, Takita H (1989) Bronchogenic carcinoma in patients under age 40. Ann Thorac Surg 47(3): 391-393
McDuffie HH, Klaassen DJ, Dosman JA (1989) Characteristics of patients with primary lung cancer diagnosed at age of 50 years or younger. Chest 96(6):1298–1301
Radzikowska E, Roszkowski K, Glaz P (2001) Lung cancer in patients under 50 years old. Lung Cancer 33(2–3): 203–211
Ramalingam S, Pawlish K, Gadgeel S, Demers R, Kalemkerian GP (1998) Lung cancer in young patients: analysis of a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. J Clin Oncol 16(2): 651–657
Whooley BP, Urschel JD, Antkowiak JG, Takita H (1999) Bronchogenic carcinoma in young patients. J Surg Oncol 71(1): 29–31
Maruyama R, Yoshino I, Yohena T, Uehara T, Kanematsu T, Kitajima M, Teruya T, Ichinose Y (2001) Lung cancer in patients younger than 40 years of age. J Surg Oncol 77(3): 208–212
Green LS, Fortoul TI, Ponciano G, Robles C, Rivero O (1993) Bronchogenic cancer in patients under 40 years old. The experience of a Latin American country. Chest 104(5): 1477–1481
Bourke W, Milstein D, Giura R, Donghi M, Luisetti M, Rubin AH, Smith LJ (1992) Lung cancer in young adults. Chest 102(6): 1723–1729
Roviaro GC, Varoli F, Zannini P, Fascianella A, Pezzuoli G (1985) Lung cancer in the young. Chest 87(4): 456–459
Allen HH, Nisker JA (1986) Cancer in Pregnancy. Futura Publishing Company, Mt. Kisco, New York, p. 3
Doll DC, Ringenberg QS, Yarbro JW (1988) Management of cancer during pregnancy. Arch Intern Med 148(9): 2058–2064
Sutcliffe SB (1985) Treatment of neoplastic disease during pregnancy: maternal and fetal effects. Clin Invest Med 8(4): 333–338
Reynoso EE, Shepherd FA, Messner HA, Farquharson HA, Garvey MB, Baker MA (1987) Acute leukemia during pregnancy: the Toronto Leukemia Study Group experience with long-term follow-up of children exposed in utero to chemotherapeutic agents. J Clin Oncol 5(7):1098–1106
Pawelec D, Madey B (1976) Adenocarcinoma of the lung with metastasis in a 39-year-old pregnant woman. Pneumonol Pol 44(3): 283
Read EJ Jr, Platzer PB (1981) Placental metastasis from maternal carcinoma of the lung. Obstet Gynecol 58(3): 387–391
Reiter AA, Carpenter RJ, Dudrick SJ, Hinkley CM (1985) Pregnancy associated with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 23(1): 75–78
Stark P, Greene RE, Morgan G, Hildebrandt-Stark HE (1985) Lung cancer and pregnancy. Radiologe 25(1): 30–32
Suda R, Repke JT, Steer R, Niebyl JR (1986) Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung complicating pregnancy. A case report. J Reprod Med 31(12): 1113–1116
Dildy GA 3rd, Moise KJ Jr, Carpenter RJ Jr, Klima T (1989) Maternal malignancy metastatic to the products of conception: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 44 (7): 535–540
Bruhwiler H, Wild A, Luscher KP (1988) Bronchus cancer and pregnancy. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 48(9): 654–655
Delerive C, Locquet F, Mallart A, Janin A, Gosselin B (1989) Placental metastasis from maternal bronchial oat cell carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 113(5): 556–558
Harpold TL, Wang MY, McComb JG, Monforte HL, Levy ML, Reinisch JF (2001) Maternal lung adenocarcinoma metastatic to the scalp of a fetus. Case report. Pediatr Neurosurg 35(1): 39–42
Janne PA, Rodriguez-Thompson D, Metcalf DR, Swanson SJ, Greisman HA, Wilkins-Haug L, Johnson BE (2001) Chemotherapy for a patient with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer during pregnancy: a case report and a review of chemotherapy treatment during pregnancy. Oncology 61(3): 175–183
Jackisch C, Louwen F, Schwenkhagen A, Karbowski B, Schmid KW, Schneider HP, Holzgreve W (2003) Lung cancer during pregnancy involving the products of conception and a review of the literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet 268(2): 69–77
Tolar J, Coad JE, Neglia JP (2002) Transplacental transfer of small-cell carcinoma of the lung. N Engl J Med 346(19): 1501–1502
Kochman AT, Rabczynski JK, Baranowski W, Palczynski B, Kowalski P (2001) Metastases to the products of conception from a maternal bronchial carcinoma. A case report and review of literature. Pol J Pathol 52(3): 137–140
Mujaibel K, Benjamin A, Delisle MF, Williams K (2001) Lung cancer in pregnancy: case reports and review of the literature. J Matern Fetal Med 10(6): 426–432
Walker JW, Reinisch JF, Monforte HL (2002) Maternal pulmonary adenocarcinoma metastatic to the fetus: first recorded case report and literature review. Pediatr Pathol Mol Med 21(1): 57–69
Wong CM, Lim KH, Liam CK (2003) Metastatic lung cancer in pregnancy. Respirology 8(1): 107–109
Stewart A, Kneale GW (1970) Radiation dose effects in relation to obstetric x-rays and childhood cancers. Lancet 1(7658): 1185–1188
Bithell JF, Stiller CA (1988) A new calculation of the carcinogenic risk of obstetric X-raying. Stat Med 7(8): 857–864
Yoshimoto Y (1990) Cancer risk among children of atomic bomb survivors. A review of RERF epidemiologic studies. Radiation Effects Research Foundation. JAMA 264(5): 596–600
Jemal A, Thomas A, Murray T, Thun M (2002) Cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 52(1): 23–47
Barr J.S (1953) Placental metastases from a bronchial carcinoma. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 60: 895–897
Hesketh J (1962) A case of carcinoma of the lung with secondary deposits in the placenta. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Comm 69: 514
Jones EM (1969) Placental metastases from bronchial carcinoma. Br Med J 2 (655): 491–492
Penha DS, Salge AK, Tironi F et al. (2006) Bronchogenic carcinoma of squamous cells in a young pregnant woman. Ann Diagn Pathol 10: 235–238
Folk JJ, Curioca J, Nosovitch JT, Silverman RK (2004) Poorly differentiated large cell adenocarcinoma of the lung metastatic to the placenta: a case report. J Reprod Med 49: 395–397
Bahhady IJ, Ernst A (2004) Risks of and recommendations for flexible bronchoscopy in pregnancy. Chest 126: 1974–1981
Bains MS, Beattie EJ Jr. (1974) Thoracic surgery in pregnancy. In: HRK Barber, EA Gaber (eds). Surgical disease in pregnancy. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 62–76
Redman JR, Bajorunas DR, Lacher MJ (1990) Hodgkin’s disease: pregnancy and progeny. In: Lacher MJ, Redman JR (eds). Hodgkin’s disease, The Consequence of survival. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 244–266
Potluri V, Lewis D, Burton GV (2006) Chemotherapy with taxanes in breast cancer during pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. Clin Breast Cancer 7:167–170
Leslie KK, Koil C, Rayburn WF (2005) Chemotherapeutic drugs in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 32: 627–640
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pentheroudakis, G., Pavlidis, N. (2008). Gastrointestinal, Urologic and Lung Malignancies During Pregnancy. In: Cancer and Pregnancy. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 178. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71274-9_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71274-9_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-71272-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-71274-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)