Abstract
“It is no exaggeration to term a patient’s suffering as >total pain< and it may help to devide it into physical, emotional, social and spiritual components in order to assess, understand and treat these people and their feelings better.” (Saunders 2006, S. 166)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs (1992) Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Pediatrics 89: 1110–1115
Alhashemi JA, Daghistani MF (2006) Effects of intraoperative i.v. acetaminophen vs i.m. meperidine on post-tonsillectomy pain in children. Br J Anaesth 96: 790–795
Allegaert K, Anderson BJ, Verbesselt R et al. (2005) Tramadol disposition in the very young: an attempt to assess in vivo cytochrome P-450 2D6 activity. Br J Anaesth 95: 231–239
Allington N, Vivegnis D, Gerard P (2005) Cyclic administration of pamidronate to treat osteoporosis in children with cerebral palsy or a neuromuscular disorder: a clinical study. Acta Orthop Belg 71: 91–97
Anghelescu DL, Oakes LL (2005) Ketamine use for reduction of opioid tolerance in a 5-year-old girl with end-stage abdominal neuroblastoma. J Pain Symptom Manage 30: 1–3
Babul N, Darke AC (1992) Putative role of hydromorphone metabolites in myoclonus. Pain 51: 260–261. Erratum: Pain (1993) 52: 123
Bausewein C, Remi C, Twycross R, Wilcock A (2005) Arzneimitteltherapie in der Palliativmedizin. Elsevier, Urban & Fischer, München
Biersdorff KK (1991) Pain insensitivity and indifference: alternative explanations for some medical catastrophes. Ment Retard 29: 359–362
Biersdorff KK (1994) Incidence of significantly altered pain experience among individuals with developmental disabilities. Am J Ment Retard 98: 619–631
Bjorkman R, Hallman KM, Hedner J et al. (1994) Acetaminophen blocks spinal hyperalgesia induced by NMDA and substance P. Pain 57: 259–264
Borland M, Jacobs I, King B, O’Brien D (2007) A randomized controlled trial comparing intranasal fentanyl to intravenous morphine for managing acute pain in children in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 49: 335–340
Bruera E, Palmer JL, Bosnjak S et al. (2004) Methadone versus morphine as a first-line strong opioid for cancer pain: a randomized, double-blind study. J Clin Oncol 22: 185–192
Butkovic D, Toljan S, Mihovilovic-Novak B (2006) Experience with gabapentin for neuropathic pain in adolescents: report of five cases. Paediatr Anaesth 16: 325–329
Büttner W, Finke W (2000) Analysis of behavioural and physiological parameters for the assessment of postoperative analgesic demand in newborns, infants and young children: a comprehensive report on seven consecutive studies. Paediatr Anaesth 10: 303–318
Cepeda MS, Africano JM, Manrique AM et al. (2002) The combination of low dose of naloxone and morphine in PCA does not decrease opioid requirements in the postoperative period. Pain 96: 73–79
Cepeda MS, Alvarez H, Morales O, Carr DB (2004) Addition of ultralow dose naloxone to postoperative morphine PCA: unchanged analgesia and opioid requirement but decreased incidence of opioid side effects. Pain 107: 41–46
Cepeda MS, Carr DB, Lau J, Alvarez H (2006) Music for pain relief. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 19: CD004843
Cheung CL, Dijk M van, Green JW et al. (2007) Effects of lowdose naloxone on opioid therapy in pediatric patients: a retrospective case-control study. Intensive Care Med 33: 190–194
Chicoine MR, Park TS, Kaufman BA (1997) Selective dorsal rhizotomy and rates of orthopedic surgery in children with spastic cerebral palsy. J Neurosurg 86: 34–39
Collins JJ, Berde CB, Grier HE et al. (1995a) Massive opioid resistance in an infant with a localized metastasis to the midbrain periaqueductal gray. Pain 63: 271–275
Collins JJ, Grier HE, Kinney HC, Berde CB (1995b) Control of severe pain in children with terminal malignancy. J Pediatr 126: 653–657
Collins JJ, Grier HE, Sethna NF et al. (1996a) Regional anesthesia for pain associated with terminal pediatric malignancy. Pain 65: 63–69
Collins JJ, Geake J, Grier HE et al. (1996b) Patient-controlled analgesia for mucositis pain in children: a three-period crossover study comparing morphine and hydromorphone. J Pediatr 129: 722–728
Collins JJ, Byrnes ME, Dunkel IJ et al. (2000) The measurement of symptoms in children with cancer. J Pain Symptom Manag 19: 363–377
Cuer JC, Dapoigny M, Ajmi S et al. (1989) Effects of buprenorphine on motor activity of the sphincter of Oddi in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 36: 203–204
Denecke H, Hünseler C (2005) Messen und Erfassen von Schmerz. In: Zernikow B (Hrsg) Schmerztherapie bei Kindern. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio
Doyle E, Morton NS, McNicol LR (1994) Comparison of patientcontrolled analgesia in children by i.v. and s.c. routes of administration. Br J Anaesth 72: 533–536
Drake R, Frost J, Collins JJ (2003) The symptoms of dying children. J Pain Symptom Manage 27: 6–10
Drake R, Longworth J, Collins JJ (2004) Opioid rotation in children with cancer. J Palliat Med 7: 419–422
Dübbers A, Boos J (1997) Fakten zur Sedierung von Kindern. Zuckschwerdt, München
Erhan E, Inal MT, Aydinok Y et al. (2007) Tramadol infusion for the pain management in sickle cell disease: a case report. Paediatr Anaesth 17: 84–86
Finkel JC, Finley A, Greco C et al. (2005) Transdermal fentanyl in the management of children with chronic severe pain: results from an international study. Cancer 104: 2847–2857
Flower RJ, Vane JR (1972) Inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase in brain explains the anti-pyretic activity of paracetamol (4-acetamidophenol). Nature 240: 410–411
Friedrichsdorf S, Zernikow B (2004) Fentanyl bei der Schmerztherapie von Kindern jenseits des Neugeborenenalters. Kinder Jugendmed 4: 168–176
Giusiano B, Jimeno MT, Collignon P, Chau Y (1995) Utilization of a neural network in the elaboration of an evaluation scale for pain in cerebral palsy. Methods Inf Med 34: 498–502
Goldman A (2000) Symptoms and suffering at the end of life in children with cancer — correspondence. N Engl J Med 342: 1998–1999
Granry JC, Rod B, Monrigal JP et al. (1997) The analgesic efficacy of an injectable prodrug of acetaminophen in children after orthopaedic surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 7: 445–449
Henkel W, Zernikow B (2007) Weniger Schmerzen bei Krebserkrankungen. Informationen für Eltern krebskranker Kinder und Jugendlicher. Deutsche Kinderkrebsstiftung, Bonn
Hicks CL, Baeyer CL von, Spafford PA et al. (2001) The Faces Pain Scale-Revised: toward a common metric in pediatric pain measurement. Pain 93: 173–183
Holzman RS, Cullen DJ, Eichhorn JH, Philips JH (1994) Guidelines for sedation by nonanaesthesiologists during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. J Clin Anesth 6: 265–276
Hurwitz ES (1989) Reye’s syndrome. Epidemiol Rev 11: 249–253
Keskinbora K, Pekel AF, Aydinli I (2004) The use of gabapentin in a 12-year-old boy with cancer pain. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 48: 663–664
Kokki H, Rasanen I, Lasalmi M et al. (2006) Comparison of oxycodone pharmacokinetics after buccal and sublingual administration in children. Clin Pharmacokinet 45: 745–754
Krause I, Cleper R, Eisenstein B, Davidovits M (2005) Acute renal failure, associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in healthy children. Pediatr Nephrol 20: 1295–1298
Kuttner L (2006) Pain — an integrative approach. In: Goldmann A, Hain R, Liben S (eds) Oxford textbook of palliative care in children. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Lenton S, Stallard P, Lewis M, Mastroyannopoulou K (2001) Prevalence and morbidity associated with non-malignant, life-threatening conditions in childhood. Child Care Health Dev 27: 389–398
Leroy S, Mosca A, Landre-Peigne C et al. (2007) Ibuprofen in childhood: evidence-based review of efficacy and safety. Arch Pediatr 14: 477–484
Maxwell LG, Kaufmann SC, Bitzer S et al. (2005) The effects of a small-dose naloxone infusion on opioid-induced side effects and analgesia in children and adolescents treated with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia: a doubleblind, prospective, randomized, controlled study. Anesth Analg 100: 953–958
Maunuksela EL, Korpela R, Olkkola KT (1988) Double-blind, multiple-dose comparison of buprenorphine and morphine in postoperative pain in children. Br J Anesth 60: 48–55
McGrath PJ, Rosmus C, Canfield C et al. (1998) Behaviours care-givers use to determine pain in non-verbal, cognitively impaired individuals. Dev Med Child Neurol 40: 340–343
Mercadante S, Ferrera P, Villari P, Casuccio A (2005) Rapid switching between transdermal fentanyl and methadone in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 23: 5229–5234
Meyer S, Kleinschmidt S (2005) Diagnostische und therapeutische Prozeduren. Sedierung und Analgesie im Kindesalter. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 153: 291–303
Michel E, Zernikow B (2006) Buprenorphineinsatz bei Kindern — eine klinisch-pharmakologische ßbersicht. Schmerz 20: 40–50
Muller C, Kremer W, Harlfinger S et al. (2006) Pharmacokinetics of piritramide in newborns, infants and young children in intensive care units. Eur J Pediatr 165: 229–239
Murat I, Baujard C, Foussat C et al. (2005) Tolerance and analgesic efficacy of a new i.v. paracetamol solution in children after inguinal hernia repair. Paediatr Anaesth 15: 663–670
Nauck F, Ostgathe C, Dickerson ED (2001) A German model for methadone conversion. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 18: 200–202
Pickering G, Loriot MA, Libert F et al. (2006) Analgesic effect of acetaminophen in humans: first evidence of a central serotonergic mechanism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 79: 371–378
Pini LA, Sandrini M, Vitale G (1996) The antinociceptive action of paracetamol is associated with changes in the serotonergic system in the rat brain. Eur J Pharmacol 308: 31–40
Pokela ML, Anttila E, Seppala T, Olkkola KT (2005) Marked variation in oxycodone pharmacokinetics in infants. Paediatr Anaesth 15: 560–565
Reinhold P, Köster-Oehlmann P (2005) Schmerzhafte interventionelle Eingriffe. In: Zernikow B (Hrsg) Schmerztherapie bei Kindern, 3. Aufl. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio
Ripamonti C, Groff L, Brunelli C et al. (1998) Switching from morphine to oral methadone in treating cancer pain: what is the equianalgesic dose ratio? J Clin Oncol 16: 3216–3221
Robinson WM, Ravilly S, Berde C, Wohl ME (1997) End-of-life care in cystic fibrosis. Pediatrics 100: 205–209
Sabatowski R, Kasper SM, Radbruch L (2002) Patient-controlled analgesia with intravenous L-methadone in a child with cancer pain refractory to high-dose morphine. J Pain Symptom Manage 23: 3–5
Sallee FR, Nesbitt L, Jackson C et al. (1997) Relative efficacy of haloperidol and pimozide in children and adolescents with Tourette’s disorder. Am J Psychiatry 154: 1057–1062
Saunders C (1978) The philosophy of terminal care. In: Saunders C (ed) The management of terminal disease. Arnold, London
Saunders C (2006) Cicely Saunders: Selected writings 1958–2004. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Shannon M, Berde CB (1989) Pharmacologic management of pain in children and adolescents. Pediatr Clin North Am 36: 855–871
Siden H, Nalewajek V (2003) High dose opioids in pediatric palliative care. J Pain Symptom Manage 25: 397–399
Sirkia K, Saarinen UM, Ahlgren B, Hovi L (1997) Terminal care of the child with cancer at home. Acta Paediatr 86: 1125–1130
Sirkia K, Hovi L, Pouttu J, Saarinen-Pihkala UM (1998) Pain medication during terminal care of children with cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 15: 220–226
Smith MT (2000) Neuroexcitatory effects of morphine and hydromorphone: evidence implicating the 3-glucuronide metabolites. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 27: 524–528
Squires RH Jr, Shneider BL, Bucuvalas J et al. (2006) Acute liver failure in children: the first 348 patients in the pediatric acute liver failure study group. J Pediatr 148: 652–658
Stamer U, Stüber F (2004) Pharmakogenetik und pädiatrische Schmerztherapie. Kinder Jugendmed 4: 161–167
Staritz M (1988) Pharmacology of the sphincter of Oddi. Endoscopy 20[Suppl 1]: 171–174
Tazeroualti N, Groote F de, Hert S de et al. (2007) Oral clonidine vs midazolam in the prevention of sevoflurane-induced agitation in children. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Br J Anaesth 98: 667–671
Tjolsen A, Lund A, Hole K (1991) Antinociceptive effect of paracetamol in rats is partly dependent on spinal serotonergic systems. Eur J Pharmacol 193: 193–201
Thwaites D, McCann S, Broderick P (2004) Hydromorphone neuroexcitation. J Palliat Med 7: 545–550
Tsao JC, Zeltzer LK (2005) Complementary and alternative medicine approaches for pediatric pain: a review of the state-of-the-science. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2: 149–159
Tsui BC, Davies D, Desai S, Malherbe S (2004) Intravenous ketamine infusion as an adjuvant to morphine in a 2-year-old with severe cancer pain from metastatic neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 26: 678–680
Voorthuizen T van, Helmers JH, Tjoeng MM, Otten MH (2000) Meperidine (pethidine) outdated as analgesic in acute pancreatitis. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 144: 656–658
Watterson G, Howard R, Goldman A (2004) Peripheral opioids in inflammatory pain. Arch Dis Child 89: 679–681
Weisman SJ, Bernstein B, Schechter NL (1998) Consequences of inadequate analgesia during painful procedures in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 152: 147–149
Wilens TE, Biederman J, Baldessarini RJ et al. (1996) Cardiovascular effects of therapeutic doses of tricyclic antidepressants in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 35: 1491–1501
Wolfe J, Grier HE, Klar N et al. (2000) Symptoms and suffering at the end of life in children with cancer. N Engl J Med 342: 326–333
World Health Organization (1998) Cancer pain relief and palliative care in children. WHO, Genf
Wright AW, Nocente ML, Smith MT (1998) Hydromorphone-3-glucuronide: biochemical synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation. Life Sci 63: 401–411
Wright AW, Mather LE, Smith MT (2001) Hydromorphone-3-glucuronide: a more potent neuro-excitant than its structural analogue, morphine-3-glucuronide. Life Sci 15: 409–420
Yaster M, Krane EJ, Kaplan RF et al. (1997) Pediatric pain and sedation handbook. Mosby, St Louis
Zanette G, Manani G, Giusti F et al. (1996) Respiratory depression following administration of low dose buprenorphine as postoperative analgesic after fentanyl balanced anaesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth 6: 419–422
Zeltzer LK, Altman A, Cohen D et al (1990) Consensus Conference on the Management of Pain in Childhood Cancer — Report of the Subcommittee on the Management of Pain Associated with Procedures in Children with Cancer. Pediatrics 5[Suppl 2]: 826–831
Zernikow B (2005) Schmerztherapie in der Kinderhämatoonkologie. In: Zernikow B (Hrsg) Schmerztherapie bei Kindern. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio
Zernikow B, Dietz B (2003) Schmerzerkennung,-messung und-therapie bei Kindern mit kognitiver und körperlicher Behinderung. Neuropädiatr Klin Prax 2: 12–17
Zernikow B, Lindena G (2001) Long acting morphine for pain control in paediatric oncology. Med Pediatr Oncol 36: 451–458
Zernikow B, Bauer AG, Andler W (2001) Schmerztherapie in der pädiatrischen Onkologie — eine Bestandsaufnahme. Schmerz 16: 140–149
Zernikow B, Friedrichsdorf S, Wamsler C, Michel E (2002) Schmerztherapie und palliative Versorgung krebskranker Kinder. Vestische Kinderklinik, Datteln
Zernikow B, Meyerhoff U, Michel E et al. (2005a) Pain in pediatric oncology — children’s and parent’s perspectives. Eur J Pain 9: 395–406
Zernikow B, Schiessl C, Wamsler C et al. (2005b) Opioidtherapie chronischer Schmerzen bei Kindern — Fallbesprechungen. Schmerz 19: 418–425
Zernikow B, Smale H, Michel E et al. (2006) Paediatric cancer pain management using the WHO analgesic ladder — results of a prospective analysis from 2265 treatment days during a quality improvement study. Eur J Pain 10: 587–595
Zernikow B, Michel E, Anderson B (2007) Transdermal fentanyl in childhood and adolescence: a comprehensive literature review. J Pain 8: 187–207
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer Medizin Verlag Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zernikow, B., Hasan, C., Blankenburg, M. (2008). Praktische Schmerztherapie. In: Zernikow, B. (eds) Palliativversorgung von Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48876-7_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48876-7_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-48875-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-48876-7
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)