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Planning

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Abstract

Resource planning plays a central role in health care. Especially when it comes to the healthcare workforce, planning is crucial in order to avoid shortages. Workforce planning takes place on different stakeholder levels and is based on different planning methodologies, namely supply-based, demand-based, needs-based models, and benchmarking. A challenge in applying any of these models, however, lies in dealing adequately with uncertainty by making plausible assumptions. Another weakness shared by all four models is that they are rooted in traditional care processes, as opposed to integrated, team-based, and partly digital models of care. Therefore, the article closes by highlighting some of the new approaches to workforce planning.

“Plans are worthless, but planning is everything”

(Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1957)

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Notes

  1. 1.

    To the merit of the GMENAC, it should also be said that the US health care system is probably one of the most difficult for which to forecast physician supply requirements. First of all, it is a very large country with many different subcultures affecting health demand and patient preferences. Secondly, the provider structure is highly fragmented leaving providers with very different abilities in managing patient demand.

  2. 2.

    PCMH is a model of care from the United States which puts primary care in the centre and rests on the notion of transforming health care structures to ensure patient-centred, accessible, and coordinated health care (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, n.d.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. German Managed Care Association, BMC e.V., Berlin, Germany

    Susanne Ozegowski

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  1. Susanne Ozegowski
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Correspondence to Susanne Ozegowski .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Health System Research, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany

    Volker Amelung

  2. International Foundation for Integrated Care, Oxford, United Kingdom

    Viktoria Stein

  3. International Foundation for Integrated Care, Oxford, United Kingdom

    Nicholas Goodwin

  4. Health Policy Research and Planning, Clalit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel

    Ran Balicer

  5. European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, London School of Economics and Political Science, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

    Ellen Nolte

  6. Workforce Research & Evaluation, Alberta Health Services Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

    Esther Suter

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Ozegowski, S. (2017). Planning. In: Amelung, V., Stein, V., Goodwin, N., Balicer, R., Nolte, E., Suter, E. (eds) Handbook Integrated Care. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56103-5_12

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