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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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Emergency Department Critical Care

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Abstract

In 1967, Ashbaugh, et al. published a case series of 12 patients in The Lancet where they described a respiratory malady characterized by tachypnea, hypoxemia, and a loss of lung compliance, brought on by a variety of different stimuli. They noted that the condition bore a resemblance to “congestive atelectasis” and that the most effective therapy was positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (Ashbaugh DG, Bigelow DB, Petty TL, Levine BE, Lancet 2:319–23, 1967). Today, we readily identify the condition as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), at times known as “adult respiratory distress syndrome,” “shock lung,” “wet lung,” or “Da-Nang lung” (owing to the large volume of cases treated at the port city during the Vietnam War). What was once a dim recognition of heterogeneously triggered clinical symptoms is now a comprehensive and continuously evolving understanding of a discrete syndrome. Here, we will briefly describe the epidemiology of ARDS, explore the pathophysiology of ARDS-related lung injury, identify precipitating factors, and discuss current and future treatment approaches.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Emergency Medicine and Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA

    Zachary D. Levy

  2. Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

    Todd L. Slesinger

  3. Emergency Medicine and Neurosurgery , Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Brian J. Wright

Authors
  1. Zachary D. Levy
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  2. Todd L. Slesinger
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  3. Brian J. Wright
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, FL, USA

    Joseph R. Shiber

  2. Resuscitation & Emergency Critical Care, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    Scott D. Weingart

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Levy, Z.D., Slesinger, T.L., Wright, B.J. (2020). Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. In: Shiber, J., Weingart, S. (eds) Emergency Department Critical Care. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28794-8_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28794-8_6

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