Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Infant Injury

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Shoulder Dystocia and Birth Injury

Summary

Nontraction, nonstretch injuries to the brachial plexus are uncommon. The causes of these injuries are very easy to identify. Birth-related brachial plexus palsies are low-velocity and low-impact injuries compared with adult brachial plexus injuries (e.g., vehicular accidents), which are high velocity and high impact.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bager B. Perinatally acquired brachial plexus injury: A persisting challenge. Acta Paediatr 1997;86:1214–1219.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Sack RA. The large infant. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969;104:195–204.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Levine MG, Holroyde J, Woods JR, et al. Birth trauma: Incidence and predisposing factors. Obstet Gynecol 1984;63:792–797.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Gordon M, Rich H, Deutchberger J, Green M. The immediate and long term outcome of obstetric birth trauma. Brachial plexus paralysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1973;117:51–57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Hardy AE. Birth injuries of the brachial plexus. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1981;63:98–102.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Curran JS. Birth associated injury. Clin Perinatol 1981;1:111–114.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Golditch IM, Kirkman K. The large fetus: Management and outcome. Obstet Gynecol 1978;52:26–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Modanlou HD, Dorchester WL, Thorosian A, Freeman RK. Macrosomia—maternal, fetal, and neonatal implications. Obstet Gynecol 1980;55:420–424.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Boome RS, Kaye JC. Obstetric traction injuries of the brachial plexus: Natural history, indications for surgical repair and results. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1988;70:571–574.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Johnstone NR. Shoulder dystocia: A study of 47 cases. Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1979;19:28–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Byers RK. Spinal cord injuries during birth. Dev Med Child Neurol 1975;17:103–110.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. McFarland LV, Raskin M, Daling JR, Benedetti TJ. Erb-Duchenne’s palsy: A consequence of fetal macrosomia and method of delivery. Obstet Gynecol 1986;68:784–788.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Wood C, Ng KH, Hounslow D, Benning H. Time—an important variable in normal delivery. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 1973;80:295–300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Harris BA. Shoulder dystocia. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1984;27:106–111.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. McCall JO Jr. Shoulder dystocia. A study of after effects. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1962;83:1486–1491.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Boyd ME, Usher RH, McLean FH. Fetal macrosomia: Prediction, risks proposed management. Obstet Gynecol 1983 61:715–720.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Niebyl J, Repke J, King T. Brachial plexus injury. Proc Soc Perinat Obstet 1984;8:146.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Simcha L, Yigal B, Mosme M, Herman L, Vaclav I. Prior experience decreases the risk of maternal injury. J Reprod Med 1986;31:501–505.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Borten M, Friedman E. Legal Principles and Practice in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Vol. 1. Chicago: Yearbook Medical Publishers; 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Parks DG, Ziel HK. Macrosomia, a proposed indication for primary cesarean section. Obstet Gynecol 1978;52:407–412.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Eng GD. Brachial plexus palsy in newborn infants. Pediatrics 1971;48:18–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Acker DB, Gregory KD, Sachs BP, Friedman EA. Risk factors for Erb-Duchenne palsy. Obstet Gynecol 1988;71:389–392.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Griffin PP. Orthopedics in the newborn. In: Avery GB, ed. Neonatology Pathophysiology and Management of the Newborn. 2 nd ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1981:906.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Soni AL, Mir NA, Kishan J, et al. Brachial plexus injuries in babies born in hospital: An appraisal of risk factors in a developing country. Ann Trop Paediatr 1985;5:69–73.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Baerthlein WC, Moodley S, Stinson SK. Comparison of maternal and neonatal morbidity in midforceps delivery and midpelvic vacuum extraction. Obstet Gynecol 1986,67:594–597.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Cohen AW, Otto SR. Obstetric clavicular fractures. A three year analysis. J Reprod Med 1980;25:119–122.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Cohen W. Influence of the duration of second stage labor on perinatal outcome and puerperal morbidity. Obstet Gynecol 1977;49:266–269.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Friedman EA, Niswander KR, Sachtleben MR. Dysfunctional labor, XI: Neurologic and development effect on surviving infants. Obstet Gynecol 1969;33:785–791.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Friedman EA, Niswander KR, Sachtleben MR, Naftaly N. Dysfunctional labor, X: Immediate results to infant. Obstet Gynecol 1969;33:776–784.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Friedman EA, Sachtleben MR, Bresky PA. Dysfunctional labor, XII: Long term effects on infant. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977;127:779–783.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Greis JB, Bieniarz J, Scommengna A. Comparison of maternal and fetal effect of vacuum extraction birth forceps or cesarean deliveries. Obstet Gynecol 1981;52:571–577.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Katz M, Lunenfeld E, Meizner I, Bashan N, Gross J. The effect of the duration of second stage of labor on the acid-base state of the fetus. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1987;94:425–430.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Pondaag W, Thomas R. Natural history of obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Devel Med Child Neurol 2004;46:138–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Menkes J, Sarnat H, Maria B. Child Neurology. 7th ed. New York: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Laurent J. Brachial plexus trauma and other peripheral nerve injuries of childhood. In: Principles and Practice of Pediatric Neurosurgery. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers;1999:897–913.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Wagner R, Nielsen P, Gonik B. Shoulder dystocia. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1999;26:371–383.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Stirrat G, Taylor R. Mechanisms of obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Clin Risk 2002;8:218–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Lazer S, Biale Y, Mazor M, Lewenthal H, Insler V. Complications associated with the macrosomia fetus. J Reprod Med 1986;31:501–505.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Wikstrom I, Axelsson O, Bergstrom R, Meirik O. Traumatic injury in large-for-date infants. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1988;67:259–264.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Gurewitsch E, Johnson E, Hamzehzadeh S, Allen R. Risk factors for brachial plexus injury with and without shoulder dystocia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;194:486–492.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Dyachenko A, Ciampi A, Fahey J, Mighty H, Oppenheimer L, Hamilton E. Prediction of risk for shoulder dystocia with neonatal injury. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;195:1544–1549.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Allen RH, Cha SL, Kranker LM, Johnson TL, Gurewitsch ED. Comparing mechanical fetal response during descent, crowning, and restitution among deliveries with and without shoulder dystocia .AM J Obstet Gynecol 2007;196:539–541.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Professor Obstetrics & Gynecology (retired), University of south Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA

    James A. O’Leary

Authors
  1. James A. O’Leary
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

James A. O'Leary

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

O’Leary, J.A. (2009). Infant Injury. In: O'Leary, J. (eds) Shoulder Dystocia and Birth Injury. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-473-5_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-473-5_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-934115-28-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-473-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation