Abstract
The relative importance of genetic and environmental factors in cardiovascular development has been long debated (cf. Goerttler, 1958, 1970). In a review of the experimental production of cardiovascular defects, Wilson (1960) stressed the importance of nongenetic hemodynamic factors. Analyses of the etiology of congenital heart disease (Nora, 1968; Nora et al., 1970; Neill, 1972) have shown that a clearly defined genetic etiology is demonstrable in only a small proportion of the victims (<5%); these analyses were interpreted in terms of a multifactorial theory, which assumes that environmental stresses produced congenital heart disease to the greatest extent in those individuals most predisposed genetically.
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Jaffee, O.C. (1977). Abnormal Organogenesis in the Cardiovascular System. In: Wilson, J.G., Fraser, F.C. (eds) Handbook of Teratology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8933-4_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8933-4_14
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