Abstract
The allantoic duct arises at about the 16th day postconception, as a rudimentary outpouching of the caudal portion of the yolk sac (see Fig. 5.4 in Chap. 5). Normally, there is complete obliteration of the allantoic duct at 15 weeks’ gestation. A remnant, which connects the umbilicus to the bladder, persists as the median umbilical ligament. Occasionally, the duct persists as a minute connection to the fetal bladder. Allantoic duct remnants may be found in estimated 15% of umbilical cords and for unknown reasons; they are more common in males. In most cases they do not have connections with the fetal bladder.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Selected References
PHP5, pages 380–451 (Anatomy and Pathology of the Umbilical Cord).
Baergen RN, Malicki D, Behling CA, Benirschke K. Morbidity, mortality and placental pathology in excessively long umbilical cords. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2001;4:144–153.
Bendon RW, Tyson RW, Baldwin VJ, et al. Umbilical cord ulceration and intestinal atresia: a new association? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;164:582–586.
Benirschke K. Obstetrically important lesions of the umbilical cord. J Reprod Med 1994;39:262–272.
Benirschke K, Bourne GL. The incidence and prognostic implication of congenital absence of one umbilical artery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1960;79:251–254.
deLaat MW, Franx A, van Alderen ED, Nikkels PG, Visser GH. The umbilical coiling index, a review of the literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2005;17:93–100.
Heifetz SA. Single umbilical artery: a statistical analysis of 237 autopsy cases and review of the literature. Perspect Pediatr Pathol 1984;8:345–378.
Heifetz SA. Thrombosis of the umbilical cord: analysis of 52 cases and literature review. Pediatr Pathol 1988;8:37–54.
Heifetz SA, Rueda-Pedraza ME. Hemangiomas of the umbilical cord. Pediatr Pathol 1983;1:385–398.
Jauniaux E, De Munter C, Vanesse M, et al. Embryonic remnants of the umbilical cord: morphologic and clinical aspects. Hum Pathol 1989;20:458–462.
Lacro RV, Jones KL, Benirschke K. The umbilical cord twist: origin, direction, and relevance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987;157:833–838.
Naeye RL. Umbilical cord length: clinical significance. J Pediatr 1985;107:278–281.
Qureshi F, Jacques SM. Marked segmental thinning of the umbilical cord vessels. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1994;118:826–830.
Sun Y, Arbuckle S, Hocking G, et al. Umbilical cord stricture and intrauterine fetal death. Pediatr Pathol Lab Med 1995;15:723–732.
Tantbirojn P, Saleemuddin A, Sirois K, Crum CP, Boyd TK, Tworoger S, Parast MM. Gross abnormalities of the umbilical cord: related placental histology and clinical significance. Placenta 2009;30:1083–1088.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Baergen, R.N. (2011). Pathology of the Umbilical Cord. In: Manual of Pathology of the Human Placenta. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7494-5_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7494-5_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-7493-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-7494-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)