Chimeras and Other Human–Animal Mixtures in Relation to the Swiss Constitution: A Case for Regulatory Action

Abstract

The progress of the biomedical sciences poses new philosophical, moral and legal questions. A transdisciplinary approach is ideal for addressing such questions and achieving a mutual understanding of the underlying biological facts. In this debate it becomes obvious that biomedical research per se does not provide a useful terminology for legislation. A transdisciplinary approach is therefore essential to achieve a common, accepted terminology and reach an agreement on the pertinent problems; both prerequisites for timely legislation.

The artificial creation of human–animal mixtures for research and therapeutic purposes touches very sensitive moral and legal issues. The novel procedures raise the question of the relevance of natural boundaries between species. The extent to which the species barrier has and will be breached by such experimental procedures which use biological entities at various developmental stages, in particular in the context of the use of human embryonic stem cells, is a strong challenge for scientists, ethicists, legislators and society. In view of pending and forthcoming legislation, it is the intention of this transdisciplinary approach to review and analyse the respective biomedical research agendas which have to be taken into account in the normative discussion.[-12pt]

First, we present the current relevant constitutional and statute laws ofbreak Switzerland. We then review recent developments in biological research involving human–animal mixtures, including chimeras, which are likely to become issues for regulatory action. The compilation covers a broad range of human–animal mixtures, with a focus on the use of human embryonic stem cells for basic research and therapeutic procedures. We finally address some other recent biomedical developments that could have an impact on terminology and legal definitions used in the current Swiss regulations.