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Volkskrankheit Depression?

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Betrachtet man die Verbreitung psychischer Störungen in der Bevölkerung, so zeigen die epidemiologischen Daten, dass diese in ihrer Gesamtheit in beiden Geschlechtern annähernd gleich verteilt sind. Über alle Störungen hinweg liegen die ermittelten Lebenszeitprävalenzen im Bereich von 30% bis 60%, und diese Zahlen sind ganz ähnlich für Männer und Frauen (z.B. Ernst 2001). Deutliche Geschlechtsunterschiede finden sich dagegen in der Häufigkeit spezifischer psychischer Störungen. Während bei den Frauen affektive Störungen, Angststörungen, Essstörungen und somatoforme Störungen überwiegen, haben Männer konsistent höhere Raten an Substanzmissbrauch und -abhängigkeit, antisozialer Persönlichkeit und Störungen der Impulskontrolle (Kessler et al. 2005). Unipolar depressive Störungen zählen nun zu denjenigen psychischen Erkrankungen, bei denen eine ausgeprägte Häufigkeitsdifferenz zuungunsten der Frauen besteht. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Überblick über aktuelle Befunde hierzu gegeben und es werden Erklärungshypothesen für die höhere De-pressionsprävalenz von Frauen diskutiert.

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  1. Abteilung Genetische Epidemiologie in der Psychiatrie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, J 5, D-68159, Mannheim

    PD Dr. Christine Kühner

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  1. Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4025, Basel, Schweiz

    Gabriela Stoppe

  2. Abteilung für Epidemiologie, Sozialmedizin und Gesundheitssystemforschung, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover

    Anke Bramesfeld  & Friedrich-Wilhelm Schwartz  & 

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Kühner, C. (2006). Frauen. In: Stoppe, G., Bramesfeld, A., Schwartz, FW. (eds) Volkskrankheit Depression?. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32221-3_9

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