nach oben

Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie

Erschienen in:

01.06.2015 | CME

Schlaf und Schlafstörungen beim alten Menschen

Teil 3: Restless-legs-Syndrom

verfasst von: PD Dr. H. Frohnhofen, J. Schlitzer

Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie | Ausgabe 4/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Das Restless-legs-Syndrom (RLS) ist mit einer Prävalenz von etwa 10 % eine häufige Erkrankung. Frauen sind öfter betroffen als Männer. Es wird das primäre RLS von der sekundären Form unterschieden. Als Auslöser des sekundären RLS gelten Eisenmangel, schwere Niereninsuffizienz und zahlreiche Medikamente. Die Therapie ist immer symptomatisch. Neben der Behandlung auslösender Erkrankungen steht eine dopaminerge Therapie im Vordergrund. Für die Pharmakotherapie sind Levodopa (L-Dopa) sowie die Dopaminagonisten Pramipexol, Rotigotin und Ropinirol zugelassen. Eine ernste Komplikation einer dopaminergen Therapie ist die sog. Augmentation. Bei nichtausreichender Wirksamkeit, starken Beschwerden oder Augmentation ist Oxycodon/Naloxon jetzt auch für die Behandlung des RLS zugelassen.

Vorheriger Artikel Journal Club

Nächster Artikel Mitteilungen der DGGG

American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2014) ICSD - International classification of sleep disorders, revised: Diagnostic & Coding Manual. Chicago, Illinois

Ekbom K, Ulfberg J (2009) Restless legs syndrome. J Intern Med 266 419–431PubMedCrossRef

Ekbom K (1945) Restless legs. A clinical study of a hitherto overlooked disease in the legs characterized by peculiar paresthesia (anxietas tibiarum), pain and weakness and occurring in two main forms, asthenia crurum paraesthetica and asthenia crurum dolorosa. Acta Med Scand Suppl 158

Garcia-Borreguero D, Williams A (2014) An update on restless legs syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease): clinical features, pathogenesis and treatment. Curr Opin Neurol 27:493–501PubMedCrossRef

Allen RP, Picchietti D, Hening WA, Trenkwalder C, Walters AS, Montplaisi J (2003) Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health. Sleep Med 4:101–119PubMedCrossRef

Walters AS, LeBrocq C, Dhar A et al (2003) Validation of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 4:121–132PubMedCrossRef

Walters AS (1995) Toward a better definition of the restless legs syndrome. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Mov Disord 10:634–642PubMedCrossRef

Walters AS, LeBrocq C, Dhar A et al (2003) Validation of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 4:121–132PubMedCrossRef

o A (2012) Leitlinie Restless-Legs-Syndrom (RLS) und Periodic Limb Movement Disorders (PLMD).Thieme, Stuttgart

10.

Klawans HL, Goetz CG, Tanner CM (2003) Common movement disorders. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia

11.

Oswald II (1959) Sudden bodily jerks on falling asleep. Brain 82:92–103PubMedCrossRef

12.

Broughton R, Tolentino MA, Krelina M (1985) Excessive fragmentary myoclonus in NREM sleep: a report of 38 cases. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 61:123–133PubMedCrossRef

13.

Atkinson MJ, Allen RP, DuChane J, Murray C, Kushida C, Roth T (2004) Validation of the Restless Legs Syndrome Quality of Life Instrument (RLS-QLI): findings of a consortium of national experts and the RLS Foundation. Qual Life Res 13:679–693PubMedCrossRef

14.

Kushida CA, Allen RP, Atkinson MJ (2004) Modeling the causal relationships between symptoms associated with restless legs syndrome and the patient-reported impact of RLS. Sleep Med 5:485–488PubMedCrossRef

15.

Rothdach AJ, Trenkwalder C, Haberstock J, Keil U, Berger K (2000) Prevalence and risk factors of RLS in an elderly population: the MEMO study. Memory and morbidity in augsburg elderly. Neurology 54:1064–1068PubMedCrossRef

16.

Phillips B, Young T, Finn L, Asher K, Hening WA, Purvis C (2000) Epidemiology of restless legs symptoms in adults. Arch Intern Med 160:2137–2141PubMedCrossRef

17.

Berger K, Luedemann J, Trenkwalder C, John U, Kessler C (2004) Sex and the risk of restless legs syndrome in the general population. Arch Intern Med 164:196–202PubMedCrossRef

18.

Allen RP, Walters AS, Montplaisir J et al (2005) Restless legs syndrome prevalence and impact: REST general population study. Arch Intern Med 165:1286–1292PubMedCrossRef

19.

Hening W, Walters AS, Allen RP, Montplaisir J, Myers A, Ferini-Strambi L (2004) Impact, diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in a primary care population: the REST (RLS epidemiology, symptoms, and treatment) primary care study. Sleep Med 5:237–246PubMedCrossRef

20.

Winkelmann J, Prager M, Lieb R et al (2005) „Anxietas tibiarum“. Depression and anxiety disorders in patients with restless legs syndrome. J Neurol 252:67–71PubMedCrossRef

21.

Kushida CA (2007) Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and quality of life issues in restless legs syndrome. Am J Med 120(1 Suppl1):S4–S12

22.

Allen RP, Earley CJ (2001) Restless legs syndrome: a review of clinical and pathophysiologic features. J Clin Neurophysiol 18:128–147PubMedCrossRef

23.

Winkelman JW, Chertow GM, Lazarus JM (1996) Restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 28:372–378PubMedCrossRef

24.

Goodman JD, Brodie C, Ayida GA (1988) Restless leg syndrome in pregnancy. BMJ 297:1101–1102PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

25.

O'Keeffe ST, Gavin K, Lavan JN (1994) Iron status and restless legs syndrome in the elderly. Age Ageing 23:200–203PubMedCrossRef

26.

Salih AM, Gray RE, Mills KR, Webley M (1994) A clinical, serological and neurophysiological study of restless legs syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 33:60–63PubMedCrossRef

27.

Hening W (2004) The clinical neurophysiology of the restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements. Part I: diagnosis, assessment, and characterization. Clin Neurophysiol 115:1965–1974PubMedCrossRef

28.

Trenkwalder C, Paulus W (2004) Why do restless legs occur at rest? – pathophysiology of neuronal structures in RLS. Neurophysiology of RLS (part 2). Clin Neurophysiol 115:1975–1988PubMedCrossRef

29.

Montplaisir J, Lorrain D, Godbout R (1991) Restless legs syndrome and periodic leg movements in sleep: the primary role of dopaminergic mechanism. Eur Neurol 31:41–43PubMedCrossRef

30.

Connor JR, Wang X, Allen RP et al (2009) Altered dopaminergic profile in the putamen and substantia nigra in restless leg syndrome. Brain 132:2403–2412PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

31.

Salminen AV, Rimpilä V, Polo O (2014) Peripheral hypoxia in restless legs syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease). Neurology 82:1856–1861PubMedCrossRef

32.

Rottach KG, Schaner BM, Kirch MH et al (2008) Restless legs syndrome as side effect of second generation antidepressants. J Psychiatr Res 43:70–75PubMedCrossRef

33.

Michalek C, Wehling M, Schlitzer J, Frohnhofen H (2014) Effects of „Fit fOR The Aged“ (FORTA) on pharmacotherapy and clinical endpoints – a pilot randomized controlled study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 70:1261–1267PubMedCrossRef

34.

Trenkwalder C, Benes H, Poewe W et al (2008) Efficacy of rotigotine for treatment of moderate-to-severe restless legs syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 7:595–604PubMedCrossRef

35.

Trenkwalder C, Hening WA, Montagna P et al (2008) Treatment of restless legs syndrome: an evidence-based review and implications for clinical practice. Mov Disord 23:2267–2302PubMedCrossRef

36.

Allen RP, Earley CJ (1996) Augmentation of the restless legs syndrome with carbidopa/levodopa. Sleep 19:205–213PubMed

37.

Stiasny-Kolster K, Kohnen R, Möller JC, Trenkwalder C, Oertel WH (2006) Validation of the „L-DOPA test“ for diagnosis of restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 21:1333–1339PubMedCrossRef

38.

Littner MR, Kushida C, Anderson WM et al (2004) Practice parameters for the dopaminergic treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. Sleep 27:557–559PubMed

39.

Hornyak M, Scholz H, Kohnen R, Bengel J, Kassubek J, Trenkwalder C (2014) What treatment works best for restless legs syndrome? Meta-analyses of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic medications. Sleep Med Rev 18:153–164PubMedCrossRef

40.

Winlow W (2005) Pramipexole in restless legs syndrome: an evidence-based review of its effectiveness on clinical outcomes. Core Evid 1:35–42PubMedCentralPubMed

41.

Winkelman JW, Sethi KD, Kushida CA et al (2006) Efficacy and safety of pramipexole in restless legs syndrome. Neurology 67:1034–1039PubMedCrossRef

42.

Winkelman JW, Johnston L (2004) Augmentation and tolerance with long-term pramipexole treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS). Sleep Med 5:9–14PubMedCrossRef

43.

Allen R, Becker PM, Bogan R et al (2004) Ropinirole decreases periodic leg movements and improves sleep parameters in patients with restless legs syndrome. Sleep 27:907–914PubMed

44.

Trenkwalder C (2006) The weight of evidence for ropinirole in restless legs syndrome. Eur J Neurol 13(Suppl 3):21–30PubMed

45.

Trenkwalder C, Beneš H, Grote L et al (2013) Prolonged release oxycodone-naloxone for treatment of severe restless legs syndrome after failure of previous treatment: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label extension. Lancet Neurol 12:1141–1150PubMedCrossRef

46.

Thorp ML, Morris CD, Bagby SP (2001) A crossover study of gabapentin in treatment of restless legs syndrome among hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 38:104–108PubMedCrossRef

47.

Garcia-Borreguero D, Patrick J, DuBrava S et al (2014) Pregabalin versus pramipexole: effects on sleep disturbance in restless legs syndrome. Sleep 37:635–643PubMedCentralPubMed

48.

Allen RP, Chen C, Garcia-Borreguero D et al (2014) Comparison of pregabalin with pramipexole for restless legs syndrome. N Engl J Med 370:621–631PubMedCrossRef

49.

Joy MS (1997) Clonazepam: benzodiazepine therapy for the restless legs syndrome. ANNA J 24:686–689PubMed

50.

Trotti LM, Bhadriraju S, Becker LA (2012) Iron for restless legs syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5:CD007834PubMedCentralPubMed

51.

Hornyak M, Voderholzer U, Hohagen F, Berger M, Riemann D (1998) Magnesium therapy for periodic leg movements-related insomnia and restless legs syndrome: an open pilot study. Sleep 21:501–505PubMed

52.

Sun Y, Valkenhoef G van, Morel T (2014) A mixed treatment comparison of gabapentin enacarbil, pramipexole, ropinirole and rotigotine in moderate-to-severe restless legs syndrome. Curr Med Res Opin 30:2267–2278PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Schlaf und Schlafstörungen beim alten Menschen
Teil 3: Restless-legs-Syndrom
verfasst von: PD Dr. H. Frohnhofen
J. Schlitzer
Publikationsdatum: 01.06.2015
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie / Ausgabe 4/2015
Print ISSN: 0948-6704
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-1269
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-015-0901-4

Springerpflege

Zusammenfassung

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2015

Depression associated with dementia

Mitteilungen der DGG

Mitteilungen des Bundesverbands Geriatrie

Weight loss and undernutrition in community-dwelling patients with Alzheimer’s dementia

Heilmittelversorgung geriatrischer Rehabilitationskandidaten in Schleswig-Holstein

Einflussfaktoren auf den stationären Verlauf von Patienten mit hüftgelenknahen Femurfrakturen