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Methods Inf Med 2001; 40(02): 137-140
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1634476
Original Article
Schattauer GmbH

Design Issues and Sample Size when Exposure Measurement is Inaccurate

G. Rippin
1   Institute for Medical Statistics and Documentation, Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
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Publication History

Publication Date:
07 February 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Measurement error often leads to biased estimates and incorrect tests in epidemiological studies. These problems can be corrected by design modifications which allow for refined statistical models, or in some situations by adjusted sample sizes to compensate a power reduction. The design options are mainly an additional replication or internal validation study. Sample size calculations for these designs are more complex, since usually there is no unique design solution to obtain a prespecified power. Thus, additionally to a power requirement, an optimal design should also fulfill the criteria of minimizing overall costs. In this review corresponding strategies and formulae are described and appraised.

Keywords

Measurement Error - Misclassification - Sample Size - Cost-efficient Design - Internal Validation - Replication
 

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