Sprechplanungsprozesse in der Bildgebung

 

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Zusammenfassung

Bildgebende Verfahren leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Verständnis der zerebralen Mechanismen sprechmotorischer Kontroll- und Steuerungsvorgänge, die sich aus phonetischen Planungs- und Ausführungsprozessen zusammensetzen. Eine Reihe von Studien konnte ein minimales neuronales Netzwerk für die Gesamtheit der sprechmotorischen Prozesse definieren, das verschiedene Hirnstrukturen umfasst. Bis heute ist jedoch noch nicht eindeutig geklärt, wie viele bzw. welche Netzwerkkomponenten für den Planungsprozess entscheidend sind. Funktionell bildgebende Studien sowie Untersuchungen, in denen die Läsionen von Patienten mit und ohne sprechmotorischen Planungsstörungen (Sprechapraxie) untersucht wurden, lassen darauf schließen, dass Sprechplanungsprozesse in der linken, sprachdominanten Hemisphäre lokalisiert sind. Hier scheint insbesondere die perisylvische Region, einschließlich des Broca-Areals, eine wichtige Rolle einzunehmen. Die Hypothese, die Insel sei das für die phonetische Enkodierung kritische Areal, steht aufgrund der widersprüchlichen Ergebnisse nach wie vor zur Diskussion.

Abstract

Neuroimaging data contribute in a substantial way to a better understanding of the cerebral mechanisms underlying speech motor control, which can be subdivided into at least a phonetic planning and a motor execution stage. A series of functional imaging studies delineated a widely accepted minimal network of speech motor control encompassing various brain structures. However, there is still an ongoing discussion about the possible neuroanatomical correlates subserving speech motor programming. Functional imaging investigations and clinical studies analysing lesion locations in patients with and without a speech programming deficit (apraxia of speech) point to a left lateralised representation of phonetic encoding processes. Within this hemisphere the perisylvian cortex, i. e. the ventral part of premotor cortex and Broca's area seem to be of special relevance for speech motor programming. Results of imaging studies investigating the hypothesised role of the anterior insula in this context are still conflicting and inconsistent. Whereas the insula is considered in some studies as a crucial area for speech motor programming, i. e. for establishing new motor plans, others suggest a contribution of the insula to articulatory processes. Another controversial issue addressed recently by various imaging studies is related to the influence of sublexical frequencies on phonetic encoding mechanisms or associated hemodynamic activation patterns, respectively. So far, data showed a rather weak support for a possible impact of syllable frequencies but nonetheless it can not be excluded that (other) sublexical frequency variables may affect the process of speech motor programming.

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Korrespondenzadresse

Dr. phil. B. Brendel

Zentrum für Neurologie

Hertie Institut für klinische

Hirnforschung

Universität Tübingen

Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3

72076 Tübingen

Email: bettina.brendel@uni-tuebingen.de