Phonotaktische Therapie

 

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Zusammenfassung

Worte erhalten ihre Struktur nicht nur von den einzelnen Lauten, sondern auch durch die Organisation der Laute innerhalb des Wortes. Diese Organisation wird die phonotaktische Ebene (also quasi die Bedeutung des Arrangements der Laute) genannt. Kinder mit phonetisch-phonologischen Störungen zeigen häufig neben phonetischen auch phonotaktische Inkompetenzen. Manchmal ist ein Kind in der Lage, eine altersentsprechende Anzahl von Konsonanten und Vokalen zu produzieren, ist aber unfähig, diese in der adäquaten Konfiguration der Muttersprache zu benutzen. So zeigen sich dann Artikulationsfehler bei finalen Konsonanten, Konsonantenclustern, mehrsilbigen Wörtern, usw. In diesen Fällen sollte das Therapieziel weniger nach phonetischen, sondern mehr nach phonotaktischen Gesichtspunkten ausgerichtet sein. Studien haben gezeigt, dass die therapeutische Fokussierung auf eine neue Wort- oder Silbengestalt sehr wohl einen Generalisationseffekt auf andere Lautverbindungen haben kann. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden diese Aspekte näher beleuchtet und spezifische Therapieresultate bzw. Empfehlungen für die verschiedenen phonotaktischen Inkompetenzen gegeben.

Abstract

Words derive their structure not only from the sounds they include but also from the organization of those sounds within the word. This organization is the phonotactic level of the word: roughly, its shape including the sequence of its elements. Often, children with immature or disordered phonologies demonstrate phonotactic as well as phonetic limitations. Sometimes, the child may produce an age-appropriate variety of consonants and vowels but be unable to use them in the configurations required by the language: final consonants, clusters, multisyllabic words, and so forth. In such cases, the most appropriate therapy goals may be phonotactic, rather than phonetic, ones. Studies have shown that clinical focus on a new word or syllable shape may generalize well beyond the specific sound or sounds targeted in that position. These ideas are explored in this article, along with specific therapy results and recommendations for various phonotactic limitations.

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M. Ptok

Klinik und Poliklinik für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie, MHH

Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1

30625 Hannover