Kaufunktion und Ernährungsstatus

 

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Zusammenfassung

Obwohl ein Zusammenhang zwischen Ernährungsstatus und Defiziten bei Zahnstatus sowie Kau- und Gebissfunktion bereits seit Langem bekannt ist, sind die Ursachen nach wie vor unklar. Eine negative Auswirkung eines unzureichenden Gebisszustands auf den Ernährungszustand ist gleichwohl anzunehmen, da zweifelsfrei ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang zwischen Gebisszustand und Kaufunktion besteht. Insbesondere alte Patienten im Krankenhaus und in der stationären Pflege stellen eine besondere Risikogruppe für Fehl- und Mangelernährung dar. 2014 wurde in einem Pflegereport der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen auf eine zahnmedizinische Unterversorgung von Alten und Pflegebedürftigen hingewiesen. Aus diesem Grund bedarf es dringend geeigneter Screeningverfahren, die eine Abschätzung des Gebisszustands auch durch Nichtzahnmediziner mit hinreichender Validität ermöglicht. In interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit wurde dazu ein einfaches aber effizientes Screeningverfahren im Sinne eines dentalen geriatrischen oder gerontostomatologischen Assessments entwickelt. Das Verfahren beruht letztlich auf der Bewertung der Zerkleinerung einer standardisierten Karottenscheibe und erreicht eine hohe Validität (AUC-Wert von 0,8). Damit steht ein geeignetes Bedside-Assessment, auch für den Nichtzahnarzt bei geriatrischen Patienten zur Verfügung.

Abstract

Although a relationship between the nutritional status and an insufficient dentition has been often reported, the dependent and independent variables are still unclear. However, in general a negative impact of a compromised dentition on the nutritional status is to be expected as there is a clear correlation between the dentitional status and the chewing function of an individual. In particular, elderly patients in the hospital and in-patient care are exposed to an increased risk for malnutrition. The 2014 Care Report of the statutory health insurance companies clearly showed decisive deficits in the dental status of elderly and dependent persons. Therefore simple assessment tools are needed that can provide an initial determination of dental treatment need for geriatric patients. Thus in an interdisciplinary approach a simple and efficient assessment tool was developed to be carried out by non-dental professionals. The method is based on the evaluation of crushing a standardized carrot slice and achieves a high validity (AUC-value of 0.8) and thus can be regarded a suitable bedside assessment, even for non-dentist in geriatric patients.

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