Hirnsonografie, Riechtestung und motorische Testverfahren in der Frühdiagnose des idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms

 

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Zusammenfassung

Die frühe Diagnosestellung des idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms, möglichst bereits in prämotorischen Krankheitsstadien, verspricht einen größeren Nutzen aufkommender neuroprotektiver Therapien. Während genetische, biochemische, nuklearmedizinische und andere spezielle bildgebende Methoden ihren besonderen Stellenwert in der Erhärtung der Diagnose einer vermuteten prämotorischen Parkinsonkrankheit haben, bieten sich zum breiten Screening von Risikopopulationen kostengünstigere, nichtinvasive Verfahren an. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die bisherige Studienlage und eigene Ergebnisse zum Einsatz der transkraniellen Hirnsonografie, der Riechprüfung und motorischer Tests einschließlich ihrer Kombination zur Detektion von Individuen mit einem erhöhtes Risiko einer späteren Parkinsonkrankheit.

Abstract

The early diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, preferably already at premotor disease stages, promises a greater benefit of upcoming neuroprotective therapies. While genetic, biochemical, radiotracer and other specialised imaging methods have their specific place value in the diagnostic confirmation of a suspected premotor Parkinson’s disease, for the broad screening of risk populations non-invasive, low-cost diagnostic methods are more suitable. The present article gives an overview on the results of recently published studies and of our own investigations on the use of transcranial brain sonography, olfactory testing and motor assessment tools including their combined use for the detection of individuals at high risk for the later development of Parkinson’s disease.

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