Der Zusammenhang zwischen Sicherheitskultur und Burnout-Risiko: Eine Befragung nicht-ärztlicher Mitarbeiter im Rettungsdienst

 

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Abstract

Ziel der Studie Stressoren wie die Sicherheitskultur in Organisationen, die das Risiko an Burnout zu erkranken erhöhen, wurden bisher in der stationären Versorgung und in der Pflege untersucht. Betrachtungen in der präklinischen Notfallversorgung liegen hingegen nur begrenzt vor. Ziel dieser Studie ist (1) die Untersuchung des Burnout-Risikos für nicht-ärztliche Mitarbeiter des Rettungsdienstes und ihrer Wahrnehmung der Sicherheitskultur sowie (2) deren Assoziation.

Methodik Unter Einsatz des Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) sowie des Emergency Medical Services Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (EMS-SAQ) wurde eine Online-Umfrage unter nicht-ärztlichen Mitarbeitern des Rettungsdienstes durchgeführt. Aufbauend auf einer deskriptiven Analyse mittels des Pearson-Korrelationskoeffizienten wurde ein logistisches Regressionsmodell verwendet, um den Zusammenhang zwischen der Sicherheitskultur und dem Burnout-Risiko zu untersuchen.

Ergebnisse Es wurden n=1101 Fragebögen für die Analyse berücksichtigt. Die Mehrheit der Teilnehmer ist männlich (86,2%) und jünger als 40 Jahre (73,2%). Die Teilnehmer zeigen für die Dimensionen emotionale Erschöpfung (EE) sowie Depersonalisierung (DP) ein hohes Risiko an Burnout zu erkranken (26,3 bzw. 40,2%). Im Rahmen der Erfassung der Sicherheitskultur werden im Besonderen das Management des Rettungsdienstbereiches, die Arbeitsbedingungen und das Sicherheitsklima von der Mehrheit der Teilnehmer als negativ wahrgenommen. Die Wahrnehmung von Stress (EE: OR=3,317, p<0,01; DP: OR=1,910, p<0,01), eine negative Arbeitszufriedenheit (EE: OR=0,297, p<0,01; DP: OR=0,576, p<0,01) sowie als schlecht empfundene Arbeitsbedingungen (EE: OR 0,598, p<0,05; DP: 0,937, p<0,05) sind signifikant in den Dimensionen EE und DP mit einem hohen Burnout-Risiko assoziiert.

Schlussfolgerung Diese Studie erhebt als erste in einem großen Umfang die Sicherheitskultur und das Burnout-Risiko bei nicht-ärztlichen Mitarbeitern im Rettungsdienst in Deutschland und untersucht deren Zusammenhang. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Notwendigkeit Faktoren der Sicherheitskultur in Organisationen in den Fokus zu rücken und Maßnahmen zu ergreifen, um den Stress für Mitarbeiter zu mildern sowie die Arbeitszufriedenheit und -bedingungen zu verbessern und damit einem Burnout der Mitarbeiter präventiv vorzubeugen. Dies ist v. a. in Anbetracht des stetig steigenden Fachkräftemangels und mit Blick auf Patientensicherheit und Ergebnisqualität in der Versorgung notwendig.

Abstract

Background Stressors such as safety culture in organizations that increase the risk of burnout have been studied in nursing and inpatient care settings. However, investigations in the setting of preclinical emergency medical services (EMS) are still limited. The study aims at (1) investigating burnout in health care workers in preclinical EMS and their perceived safety culture, and (2) analyzing the association between the two.

Methods Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Emergency Medical Services – Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (EMS-SAQ), an online survey was conducted with non-medical health care workers in preclinical EMS. Descriptive analyses were performed using frequencies, mean values, percentages and the Pearson correlation coefficient. A logistic regression model was used to determine the relationship between safety culture and the risk of burnout.

Results A total of 1,101 questionnaires was considered for analysis. Most of the participants were male (86.2%) and younger than 40 years (73.2%). A high risk of burnout for participants was found for the dimensions of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (EE 26.3% and DP 40.2%). In the context of measuring safety culture, especially management, working conditions, and safety climate were negatively perceived by the participants. Furthermore, high stress recognition (EE: OR=3.317, p<0.01; DP: OR=1.910, p<0.01), negative job satisfaction (EE: OR=0.297, p<0.01; DP: OR=0.576, p<0.01) and negatively perceived working conditions (EE: OR 0.598, p<0.05; DP: 0.937, p<0.05) were significantly associated with a high risk of burnout.

Conclusion This is the first large scale study investigating burnout among non-medical health care workers in preclinical EMS and their perceived safety culture in Germany as well as the association between the two. The results show the necessity to focus on perceived dimensions of safety culture in organizations, to develop measures reducing stress and improve job satisfaction and working conditions. In the context of increasing skills shortage, this is especially relevant with regard to the challenges of patient safety and quality of outcomes in care.

Publication History

Article published online:
10 December 2020

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