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Originalia

Stürze bei älteren Erwachsenen: Risikofaktoren – Assessment – Prävention

Ein Review

Published Online:March 02, 2015https://doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010.15.2.45

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Stürze gehören zu den häufigsten und komplexesten geriatrischen Syndromen. Sie tragen nicht nur zu einem beträchtlichen Anteil zur erhöhten Krankheits- und Sterberate bei, sondern auch zu funktionalen Einbußen, der Angst erneut zu stürzen sowie der frühzeitigen Einweisung in das Pflegeheim. Es lassen sich zahlreiche Ursachen und Risikofaktoren für Stürze benennen, die die Diagnose, Behandlung und Prävention zu einer schwierigen Herausforderung werden lassen. In den letzten Jahren wurde seitens der Forschung als auch der Gesundheitsversorgung das Augenmerk verstärkt auf die Identifikation effektiver Interventionen zur Vermeidung von Stürzen bzw. sturzbedingten Verletzungen bei älteren Erwachsenen gelegt. So gibt es eine ganze Anzahl randomisierter, kontrollierter Studien und systematische Reviews, die der Frage nach der günstigsten Kombination von Interventionen zur Sturzprävention nachgehen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein kurzer Überblick über die Epidemiologie von Stürzen, deren Hauptursachen und Risikofaktoren, Assessmentverfahren sowie verschiedene Interventionstypen gegeben. Abschließend werden Ergebnisse zur Effektivität eben dieser Intervention vorgestellt.


Falls in older adults: Risk factors – assessment – prevention. A review

Abstract. Falls are a common and complex geriatric syndrome that causes considerable mortality, morbidity, functional deterioration,”fear of falling,” and premature nursing home admissions. Falls have multiple causes and predisposing risk factors, which make their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention a difficult challenge. In recent years, much attention in research and health care has focused on identifying effective interventions to prevent falls and fall-related injuries among older adults. In particular, there have been a number of randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews investigating the effectiveness of various packages of falls interventions. This article provides a brief overview of the epidemiology of falls, their major causes and risk factors, their assessment, the types of fall prevention interventions available, and a review of the latest evidence on the efficacy of these interventions.

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