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Originalia

Arbeitsanforderungen und Ressourcen im Rettungsdienst

Welche Merkmale der Organisation können Belastungen abpuffern?

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149/a000051

Zusammenfassung. Organisationalen Ressourcen im Rettungsdienst wird eine unterstützende Rolle bei der Bewältigung organisations- und einsatzbezogener Belastungen zugeschrieben. Das Risiko für belastungsbedingte gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen kann bei Einsatzkräften, die eine günstige Ressourcenausstattung in ihren Dienststellen wahrnehmen, geringer sein. Kontrolle, Gratifikation, Fairness, das Vorgesetztenverhalten, Teamwork und der Zusammenhalt im Team werden in dieser Arbeit als Ressourcen der Organisation untersucht, von denen ein moderierender Einfluss auf Zusammenhänge zwischen Arbeitsbelastungen und Burnout erwartet wird. In dieser Studie wurden N = 316 Einsatzkräfte im Rettungsdienst befragt. Der Rücklauf lag bei 30,2% (von 1048). Die Untersuchung potenzieller Moderatoreffekte erfolgt in konfirmatorischen Pfadanalysen. Kontrolle, Gratifikation und Fairness im Rettungsdienst unterstützen offensichtlich die Belastungsbewältigung. Dagegen scheint ein hohes Maß an Kontrolle in komplexen Lagen das Risiko für Burnout eher zu erhöhen. Das Verhalten von Vorgesetzten und Teamparameter moderieren Zusammenhänge zwischen Belastungen und Burnout im Rettungsdienst wider erwarten nicht, hängen aber mit geringeren Burnoutwerten zusammen. Für die Burnoutprävention, auch unter hohen Arbeitsanforderungen, sind theoriekonform Rückmeldung, Wertschätzung und Fairness entscheidende Faktoren. Diese Aspekte sollten bei Maßnahmen im Rahmen der gesundheitsfördernden Organisationsentwicklung im Rettungsdienst neben der Stärkung von Teams und einem insgesamt wertschätzenden Führungsstil berücksichtigt werden. Des Weiteren erscheint eine Erweiterung von Handlungsspielräumen außerhalb von Einsätzen sinnvoll.


Job demands and resources in the ambulance service: Which organizational characteristics can lessen the effects of exposure to stress?

Abstract. Organizational resources in the ambulance service are thought to play a supporting role when it comes to overcoming organization and rescue-related stress. The risk of stress-induced health problems can be lower in the case of ambulance service personnel that take advantage of the sufficient and convenient availability of resources in their service departments. Job control, reward, fairness, the behavior of superior staff, teamwork, and team cohesion are examined in this study as organizational resources that are expected to have a moderating influence on the correlation between stressful workloads and burnout. In this study, N = 316 ambulance service personnel were surveyed, with a response rate of 30.2% (of 1.048). Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the moderator effects of these factors. It is clear that reward and fairness in the ambulance service help personnel to deal with and overcome stress. In contrast, a wide scope of actions in complex situations is more likely to increase the risk of burnout. The behavior of superior staff and team parameters do not moderate the correlation between stress and burnout in the ambulance service, but are connected to lower developments of burnout. In line with theory, feedback, esteem, and fairness are key factors for the prevention of burnout, even in the case of high job demands. These aspects should be factored into measures implemented as part of health-promoting organizational development in the ambulance service, alongside increased teamwork and an overall appreciative leadership style.

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