Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T23:24:59.562Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Friendship and Care for Elderly People*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2008

Graham Allan
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology and Social Administration, University of Southampton, England.

Abstract

In recent years policy initiatives on caring for elderly people have stressed the need for ‘care by the community’: the use of various informal relationships to provide the elderly with more effective forms of care. The present paper analyses the potential of one type of informal relationship – friendship – to act in this way and argues that, despite appearances, friendship is not a particularly suitable basis for care provision. Not only are many elderly people in need of care excluded from the contexts in which friendships are usually generated and serviced, but more importantly the normal exchange basis of friendship is undermined when there is long-term, unilateral provision of care. Similar factors apply to primary carers' friendships. By analysing these issues fully, the paper shows that attempts to incorporate friends into systematic caring is unlikely to be successful. While friends will help in a crisis, in the long run such help is as contradictory to the nature of friendship as it is compatible with it.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

NOTES

1 DHSS. Growing Older, Cmnd. 8173. HMSO, London, 1981.Google Scholar

2 Sinclair, I. and Thomas, D. N. (eds). Perspectives on Patch. N.I.S.W. Paper No.14, 1983.Google Scholar

3 See, for example, Glastonbury, B., Paying and Piper and Calling the Tune. B.A.S.W., London, 1979.Google Scholar

4 Abrams, P., Neighbourhood Care and Social Policy: A Research Perspective, The Volunteer Centre, London, 1979Google Scholar; Abrams, P., Social change, social networks, and neighbourhood care, Social Work Service, 22 (1980), 1223Google Scholar; Abrams, P. and Bulmer, M., Policies to promote informal social care: some reflections on voluntary action, neighbourhood involvement, and neighbourhood care, Ageing and Society, 5 (1985), 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

5 Leat, D., Limited Liability? A Report on Some Good Neighbour Schemes, The Volunteer Centre, London, 1979Google Scholar; Leat, D., Getting to Know the Neighbours, Policy Studies Institute, London, 1983.Google Scholar

6 Rosow, I., Old people: their friends and neighbours, American Behavioural Scientist, 14 (1970), 5969CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Jerome, D., The significance of friendship for women in later life, Ageing and Society, 1 (1981), 175197CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Matthews, S. H., Definitions of friendship and their consequences in old age, Ageing and Society, 3 (1983), 141–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Wenger, C., The Supportive Network: Coping with Old Age, Allen & Unwin, London, 1984.Google Scholar

7 Finch, J. and Groves, D., Community care and the family, Journal of Social Policy, 9 (1980), 487514CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Equal Opportunities Commission, Caring for the Elderly and Handicapped, Equal Opportunities Commission, Manchester, 1982Google Scholar; Missel, M. and Bonnerjea, L., Family Care of the Handicapped Elderly: Who Pays?, Policy Studies Institute, London, 1982Google Scholar; Walker, A. (ed), Community Care: the Family, the State and Social Policy, Martin Robertson/Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1982Google Scholar; Finch, J. and Groves, D. (eds), A Labour of Love: Women, Work and Caring, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1983.Google Scholar

8 Allan, G. A., Sociology of Friendship and Kinship. Allen & Unwin, London, 1979.Google Scholar

9 McCall, G. et al. , ‘A collaborative overview of social relationships’, in McCall, G. (ed.), Social Relationships. Aldine, Chicago, 1970.Google Scholar

10 Naegale, K., Friendship and acquaintances: An exploration of some social distinctions, Harvard Educational Review, 28 (1958), 232252.Google Scholar

11 Lazarsfeld, P. and Merton, R., ‘Friendship as a social process’, in Berger, M., Abel, T. and Page, C. H. (eds). Freedom and Control in Modern Society. Van Nostrand, Princeton, 1954.Google Scholar

12 Blau, Z. S., Structural constraints on friendship in old age, American Sociological Review, 26 (1961), 429439CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Rosow, I., op. cit.Google Scholar; Jerome, D., op. citGoogle Scholar; Matthews, S. H., op. cit.Google Scholar

13 Parker, R., ‘Tending and social policy’, in Goldberg, E. M. and Hatch, S. (eds). A New Look at the Personal Social Services. Policy Studies Institute, London, 1981.Google Scholar

14 Ungerson, C., ‘Women and caring: skills, tasks and taboos’, in Gamarnikow, E., Morgan, D., Purvis, J. and Taylorson, D. (eds). The Public and the Private, Heinemann, London, 1983.Google Scholar

15 Wenger, C., op. cit.Google Scholar

16 Briggs, A. and Oliver, J. (eds), Caring: Experiences of Looking After Disabled Relatives, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1985.Google Scholar

17 Gavron, H., The Captive Wife, Penguin, London, 1966Google Scholar; Oakley, A., The Sociology of Housework, Martin Robertson, London, 1974.Google Scholar

18 Tomlinson, A., Leisure and Social Control, Brighton Polytechnic, Eastbourne, 1981Google Scholar; Deem, R., Women, leisure and inequality, Leisure Studies, 1 (1982), 2946.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

19 Flew, A., Looking after granny: the reality of community care, New Society, 9th 10 1980, 5658Google Scholar; Equal Opportunities Commission, op. cit.; Nissel, M. and Bonnerjea, L., op.cit.Google Scholar

20 A number of the carers in Briggs, A. and Oliver, J., op cit.Google Scholar, testify to this by highlighting the help they received through becoming members of the Association of Carers.

21 Schneider, D., American Kinship: A Cultural Account, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1968.Google Scholar

22 Matthews, S. H., op.cit.Google Scholar