Nutrition and oral health
Introduction
Nutrition, a pillar of human development, is the study of how food affects the body.1 Nutritional health requires the adequate provision of vitamins, minerals, fiber, water carbohydrates, proteins, fats and other micronutrients to cells and organisms, to support life.2 The World Health Organization defines malnutrition as the cellular imbalance between supply of nutrients and energy and the body's demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific functions.3 Understanding the role of nutrition is very important for an individual's heath. There is a strong association of nutrition and oral health conditions with many inter-relating factors. Malnutrition may influence growth and development orofacial components, oral mucosal and dental diseases and oral cancer. Similarly, compromised oral health may affect daily dietary intake, which consequently degrades the nutritional status. It is evident that dental diseases negatively impact self-confidence and overall quality of life (QoL). Thus, identifying and managing oral health conditions and issues related to nutrition is important in order to improve health and QoL of affected individuals. This mini review will elaborate on the relationship between nutrition and oral health.
Section snippets
Influence of nutrition on oral health
Nutritional intake of micronutrients and macronutrients impacts both the oral mucosa and dental hard tissues. Under-nutrition as well as over-nutrition influences the oral health in several ways.
Influence of poor oral health on nutrition
Nutrition and oral health are inseparably associated to each other. Poor nutritional status can impair oral health while poor oral health can influence the individual's dietary intake resulting in malnutrition. Several studies establish the role that poor oral health increases the risk of several chronic disease. For example, periodontal diseases is known to be associated with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancers.54, 55 Partial or complete teeth loss has been
Conclusion
Nutrition is an important modifiable parameter, which can have a major impact on oral health. Poor nutritional status can adversely affect oral health and poor oral health can influence dietary intake and subsequently lead to malnutrition and oral health can play acrucial role in maintaining good nutrition. Interdisciplinary teams of general practitioners, dentist, nurses and dieticians working together can help assure that patients maintain good oral health status and adequate nutrition are
Competing interests
The authors did not receive any financial assistance from or have any personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work.
Funding statement
None.
Author's contribution
All authors: concept, design, analyses, interpretation of data, drafting of manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content.
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