Clinical research studyThe Economic Burden of Hyponatremia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Section snippets
Methods
This meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist (see Appendix 1, available online) (http://www.prisma-statement.org/).
Results
Of 444 retrieved articles, 358 were excluded for different reasons. The flow of the meta-analysis is summarized in Figure 1, and the characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis are summarized in Table 1 (see references3, 10, 17, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62). Eighty-six full-text articles were considered potentially eligible for the
Discussion
The present meta-analysis, which derives from the study of a large number of patients, confirms that hyponatremia represents a frequent condition observed in up to 20% of hospitalized patients. In addition, our data suggest that hyponatremia is associated with a prolonged hospital length of stay, and higher risk of readmission. The data were similar when European studies were compared with those performed in North America. Length of hospital stay is a strong determinant of the cost of hospital
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Funding: None.
Conflict of Interest: AP has served as a consultant and member of advisory boards for Otsuka. GLC has served as a consultant on advisory boards for Astellas, LEO Pharma, Sanofi, Merck Sharp and Dohme, DOC Generici, Takeda, UCB Pharma, and MerckSerono, and has received research and educational grants from Bayer HealthCare, Takeda, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Otsuka and LEO Pharma. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.
Authorship: All authors had access to the data. Study concept and design: GC; Acquisition of data: CG, GP; Analysis and interpretation of data: GC, AP, GLC; Drafting of the manuscript: GC, AP, CG; Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: GF, MM, AS, GLC; Statistical analysis: GC; Study supervision: AP.
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These authors contributed equally to this article.