ReviewRapid tranquilization of the violent patient
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Cited by (60)
Chemical agents for the sedation of agitated patients in the ED: a systematic review
2016, American Journal of Emergency MedicineCitation Excerpt :When verbal de-escalation techniques are insufficient, physical or pharmacological restraint may be necessary. Of the 2 options, pharmacological restraint is considered safer and the more humane option because it is less traumatizing to the patient [1]. Chemical sedation may also be critical in ensuring the safety of ED staff and other patients from the actions of aggressive patients [2-4].
Excited Delirium
2015, Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine: Second EditionStabilization and Management of the Acutely Agitated or Psychotic Patient
2015, Emergency Medicine Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :Rapid tranquilization refers to the use of parenteral medications (Table 1) in a stepwise approach for the management of acute behavioral emergencies.11,55 This term was used by Dubin in the 1980s to describe the interval dosing of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines to quickly calm the severely agitated or hostile patient.55,56 Despite the frequent use of antipsychotics for this purpose, rapid tranquilization may be used in patients without a psychiatric diagnosis, and is not intended to be a treatment for underlying psychosis.
Drug-induced hyperthermic syndromes. Part I. Hyperthermia in overdose
2013, Emergency Medicine Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :Patients should be managed with cooling mists and ice packs over the major arteries after adequate sedation has been achieved. Although it may be tempting to administer an antipsychotic from the phenothiazine or butyrophenone class (eg, haloperidol) in combination with the benzodiazepine, these agents possess anticholinergic properties and can lower the seizure threshold.34 In a patient with elevated body temperature and altered mental status, standard medical practice is to perform a lumbar puncture.
The Violent Patient
2012, Emergency Medicine: Clinical Essentials, SECOND EDITIONDrugs of Abuse: The Highs and Lows of Altered Mental States in the Emergency Department
2010, Emergency Medicine Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :Benzodiazepine therapy reduces agitation and delirium in addition to seizure activity. In contrast, antipsychotic agents from the phenothiazine and butyrophenone classes (eg, haloperidol) may actually worsen the situation—they also have anticholinergic effects and may lower the seizure threshold.11 Physostigmine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that blocks the metabolism of acetylcholine within the synaptic cleft.