The los alfaques disaster: A boiling-liquid, expanding-vapour explosion
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European Burns Association guidelines for the management of burn mass casualty incidents within a European response plan
2023, BurnsCitation Excerpt :The corresponding paucity of burn specialists makes their on-scene deployment likely to unduly lengthen the on-scene time, worsening trauma and overall casualty outcome. Conversely, even for severe burns in mass casualty situations, provided simple, early interventions including fluid resuscitation, burn outcome is not a matter of minutes but of days or hours at the earliest [50]. The latter statement does not conflict with the worldwide consensus that early burn wound excision is paramount for optimal burn care, even with still open discussions about what “early” actually refers to in the 24–72 h range [51,52].
Ahmedpur Sharqia oil tanker tragedy: Lessons learnt from one of the biggest road accidents in history
2020, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process IndustriesCitation Excerpt :Hydrocarbon fuel tanker truck accidents are capable of causing huge catastrophic damage and loss of lives if not managed. The biggest ever road disasters in terms of death toll have nearly all been fuel tanker truck explosions (Khan and Abassi, 1999) and with an exception of the 1978 Las Aflaque disaster in Spain that cost 217 lives (Arturson, 1981), similar disasters have almost exclusively been in developing countries like the recent south Kivu tanker explosion in Congo (230 casualties) and Okibie tanker explosion in Nigeria (121 casualties). Major industrial disasters such as the Bhopal gas leak have been discussed voluminous times in literature (Amyotte et al., 2016; Broughton, 2005; Chouhan, 2005).
Management of severe thermal burns in the acute phase in adults and children
2020, Anaesthesia Critical Care and Pain MedicineCitation Excerpt :Severe burn injuries induce early hypovolaemic shock due to inflammation, capillary leak syndrome and alterations in the microcirculation [61]. The severity of this shock and the rapidity of its onset were first described in the 1930s and have been observed repeatedly ever since, including after mass casualty accidents, such as the Los Alfaques disaster in 1978 [62,63]. These observations were confirmed in animal models.
Human survival in volcanic eruptions: Thermal injuries in pyroclastic surges, their causes, prognosis and emergency management
2017, BurnsCitation Excerpt :In surges the radiant heat comes from the combined contribution of the individual hot particles in the enveloping hot cloud. Analogous situations arise nowadays in major industrial incidents caused by the ignition of flammable stored materials, such as liquid petroleum gas (LPG), in which the main hazard to humans from a fireball or flash fire is the flash burn received from the intense thermal radiation emitted [25,30,31]. In thermonuclear explosions fires and severe flash burns may occur, as was seen in the A-bomb attacks in Japan at Hiroshima and Nagasaki where the waves of radiant heat formed at the moment of explosion lasted for less than a second [18] (although the wavelength from thermonuclear explosions is lower and less penetrating than that from fires of equivalent intensity).
Historical evolution of process safety and major-accident hazards prevention in Spain. Contribution of the pioneer Joaquim Casal
2014, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process IndustriesCitation Excerpt :A tanker truck loaded with liquefied propylene was leaking and a fire started followed by a BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion). There were 217 fatalities and 200 people were severely burned (Arturson, 1981; Mans, 1985). A particular case of natural gas disaster in transport was the one of Tivissa, one of the most studied cases in Catalonia (Spain).
Applying HAZAN methodology to hazmat transportation risk assessment
2012, Process Safety and Environmental Protection