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Impfprävention bei chronischen Erkrankungen

Vaccination of patients with chronic diseases

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Zusammenfassung

In der Krankheitsprävention gehören Impfungen zu den effektivsten Maßnahmen. Gerade chronisch Kranke und ältere Patienten sind vermehrt durch Infektionskrankheiten gefährdet. Paradoxerweise wird die Impfprävention bei chronisch Kranken häufig aus einer falsch verstandenen Zurückhaltung gegenüber medizinischen Maßnahmen und deren potentiellen Nebenwirkungen vernachlässigt. Gerade bei diesen Patienten haben zahlreiche Impfungen einen sehr hohen, in Studien gut dokumentierten Stellenwert zur Verringerung des Erkrankungsrisikos und damit Erhöhung der Lebensqualität und -dauer. Dennoch bestehen häufig erhebliche Impflücken: anstehende Auffrischungen und zusätzlich indizierte Impfungen werden nicht durchgeführt. Jeder Arztbesuch sollte stets auch zum Anlass genommen werden, den Impfstatus zu klären. Die Indikation für die Durchführung von Impfungen wird durch zahlreiche Faktoren beeinflusst, die meist sehr stark individuell geprägt sind, daher sollte stets eine umfassende individuelle Beratung erfolgen.

Abstract

Vaccinations are among the most effective preventive health measures for adults. In particular chronically ill and elderly persons are at an increased risk for acquiring infections. Yet, especially chronically ill patients are frequently not fully counselled in regard to the immunisations they should receive. Studies show a clear benefit of a number of vaccinations in terms of reduced illness and ultimately increased quality of life and survival time. Gaps in immunisation schedules are common in adults: boosters and new vaccinations are regularly missed. Every visit to a physician should trigger inquiries about the current immunisation status. The indication for vaccination is influenced by a variety of individual factors; thus comprehensive counselling is essential.

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Jelinek, T. Impfprävention bei chronischen Erkrankungen. Praev Gesundheitsf 5 (Suppl 1), 5–9 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11553-010-0247-0

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