Abstract
Quality of life is difficult to measure but is fast becoming the standard for long-term care. A secondary analysis was conducted of quality-of-life perceptions of older adults residing in a nursing home and then an assisted living facility from the perspectives of older adults and their family members/friends. This study shows that using a comprehensive integrated model that incorporates six major life domains of physical well-being, social well-being, psychological well-being, cognitive well-being, spiritual well-being, and environmental well-being into the assessment process appears to be a promising approach to determining quality-of-life perceptions of older adults. Findings also suggest that healthcare and human services professionals should place more reliance on indicators of social and environmental well-being, including opportunities for choice, when striving to maximize quality of life of older adults. As the demographic composition of the United States changes, policies and services will need to be modified to accommodate the changing needs of older adults in a way that optimizes perspectives of quality of life.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baker, F., & Intagliata, J. (1982). Quality of life in the evaluation of community support systems. Evaluation Program Planning, 5, 66–79.
Baxter, J., & Shetterly, S. M. (1998). Social network factors associated with perceived quality of life. Journal of Aging & Health, 10(3), 287–311.
Becker, M. (1995). Quality of life instruments for severe chronic mental illness: implications for pharmacotherapy. PharmocoEconomics, 7(3), 229–237.
Becker, M. (1998). A U.S. experience: consumer responsive quality of life measurement. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 3, 41–52.
Becker, M., Diamond, R., & Sainfort, F. (1993). A new patient focused index for measuring quality of life in persons with severe and persistent mental illness. Quality of Life Research, 2, 239–251.
Becker, M., Shaw, B., & Reib, L. (1995). Quality of life assessment manual. Madison: University of Wisconsin.
Bond, J. (1999). Quality of life for people with dementia: approaches to the challenge of measurement. Ageing and Society, 19, 561–579.
Brandi, J., Kelley-Gillespie, N., Liese, H., & Farley, O.W. (2004). Nursing home vs. assisted living: The environmental effect on quality of life. Journal of Housing for the Elderly, 18, 73–88.
Bury, M., & Holme, A. (1990). Quality of life and social support in the very old. Journal of Aging Studies, 4(4), 345–357.
Cairl, R. E., Becker, M., Schonfeld, L., & Brooks, M. (1998). Assisted living facility quality of life/quality of care (ALFQL/QC) assessment system. Unpublished manuscript, University of South Florida medical School, Suncoast Gerontology Center, Tampa, FL
Cairl, R. E., Schonfeld, L., Becker, M., & Oakley, M. (1999). The Florida quality of life and care (QLAC) assessment system project (Report to the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration). University of South Florida Medical School, Suncoast Gerontology Center, Tampa, FL.
Diamond, R., & Becker, M. (1999). The Wisconsin Quality of Life Index: a multidimensional model for measuring quality of life. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(Suppl. 3), 29–31.
Diaz, P., & Mercier, C. (1996). An evaluation of the Wisconsin Quality of Life Questionnaires for clinical application and research in Canada. Quality of Life Newsletter, 16(2), 11–12.
Diaz, P., Mercier, C., Hachey, R., Caron, J., & Boyer, G. (1999). An evaluation of psychometric properties of the client’s questionnaire of the Wisconsin Quality of Life Index-Canadian version (CaW-QLI). Quality of Life Research, 8, 509–514.
Eng, C., Pedulla, J., Eleazer, P., McCann, R., & Fox, N. (1997). Program of all-inclusive care for the older adults (PACE): an innovative model of integrated geriatric care and financing. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 45, 223–232.
Farley, O.W., Maramaldi, P., Kelley-Gillespie, N., Gorman, C., Fletcher, C., & de St.Aubin, M. (2002). FlexCare Quality of Life Evaluation. Final report in cooperation with the Utah State Department of Health, University of Utah College of Social Work, and the W.D. Goodwill Family Foundation.
Farquhar, M. (1994). Quality of life in older people. Advances in Medical Sociology, 5, 139–158.
Farquhar, M. (1995). Elderly people’s definitions of quality of life. Social Science and Medicine, 41(10), 1439–1446.
Galambos, C. M. (1997). Quality of life for the elder: a reality or an illusion? Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 27(3), 27–44.
Gamroth, L. M., Semradek, J., & Tornquist, E. M. (1995). Enhancing autonomy in long-term care: Concepts and strategies. New York: Springer.
George, L. K. (1998). Dignity and quality of life in old age. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 29(2/3), 39–52.
Green, S. B., Salkind, N. J., & Akey, T. M. (2000). Using SPSS for windows: Analyzing and understanding data. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
Hill, R. (2001, November). Linking quality of home and community-based care and quality of life in frail older adults. Paper presented at the 54th annual scientific meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, Chicago.
Kane, R. A. (2001). Long-term care and a good quality of life: Bringing them closer together. The Gerontologist, 41(3), 293–304.
Kane, R. L., & Kane, R. A. (2001). Emerging issues in chronic care. In R. H. Binstock & L. K. George (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences (5th ed., pp. 25–39). San Diego: Academic.
Keigher, S. M., Fortune, A. E., & Witkin, S. L. (2000). Aging and social work. Washington: National Association of Social Workers.
Kelley-Gillespie, N. (2003). Perceptions of Quality of Life of the Elderly. Dissertation. University of Utah.
Kelley-Gillespie, N. & Farley, O. W. (2007a). The effect of housing on perceptions of quality of life of the elderly. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, Special Issue on Housing, 49(3), 205–228.
Kelley-Gillespie, N. & Farley, O. W. (2007b). The effect of housing on perceptions of quality of life of the elderly. In Housing for the elderly: Policy and practice issues. Edited by Philip McCallion, Ph.D. New York: Haworth Press, Inc.
Kelley-Gillespie, N. (2009). An integrated conceptual model of quality of life for older adults based on a synthesis of the literature. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 4, 259–282.
Lamb, G. S. (2001). Assessing quality across the care continuum. In L. S. Noelker & Z. Harel (Eds.), Linking quality of long-term care and quality of life (pp. 27–41). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Lassey, W. R., & Lassey, M. L. (2001). Quality of life for older people: an international perspective. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
Lawton, M. P. (1982). Aging and the environment: Theoretical approaches. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Lehman, A. F., Slaughter, J. G., & Myers, C. P. (1991). Quality of life in alternative residential settings. Psychiatric Quarterly, 62(1), 35–47.
Livingston, G., Watkin, V., Manela, M., Rosser, R., & Katona, C. (1998). Quality of life in older people. Aging and Mental Health, 2(1), 20–23.
Marinelli, R. D., & Plummer, O. K. (1999). Healthy aging: Beyond exercise. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 23(4), 1–11.
Mercier, C., Peladeau, N., & Tempier, R. (1998). Age, gender, and quality of life. Community Mental Health Journal, 34(5), 487–499.
Noelker, L. S., & Harel, Z. (2001). Humanizing long-term care: forging a link between quality of care and quality of life. In L. S. Noelker & Z. Harel (Eds.), Linking quality of long-term care and quality of life (pp. 3–26). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Osberg, J. S., McGinnis, G. E., DeJong, G., & Seward, M. L. (1987). Life satisfaction and quality of life among disabled elderly adults. Journal of Gerontology, 42(2), 228–230.
Peak, T., & Sinclair, V. (2002). Using customer satisfaction surveys to improve quality of care in nursing homes. Health and Social Work, 27(1), 75–79.
Pett, M. (1997). Nonparametric statistics in health care research: Statistics for small samples and unusual distributions. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Raphael, D., Brown, I., Renwick, R., & Rootman, I. (1997). Quality of life: what are the implications for health promotion? American Journal of Health and Behavior, 21(2), 118–128.
Rodgers, W. L., Herzog, A. R., & Andrews, F. M. (1988). Interviewing older adults: validity of self-reports of satisfaction. Psychology and Aging, 3(3), 264–272.
Rubenstein, R. L., Moss, M., & Kleban, M. H. (2000). The many dimensions of aging. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Sainfort, F., Becker, M., & Diamond, R. (1996). Judgments of quality of life of individuals with severe mental disorders: Client self-report versus provider perspectives. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153(4), 497–502.
Slevin, M. L., Plant, H., Lynch, D., Drinkwater, J., & Gregory, W. M. (1988). Who should measure quality of life, the doctor or the patient? British Journal of Cancer, 57, 109–112.
SPSS, Inc. (2003). Statistical package for the social sciences, Version 11.5 software program. Chicago: Author.
Steiner, A., Raube, K., Stuck, A. E., Aronow, H. U., Draper, D., Rubenstein, L. A., et al. (1996). Measuring psychosocial aspects of well-being in older community residents: Performance of four short scales. The Gerontologist, 36(1), 54–62.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kelley-Gillespie, N. A Secondary Analysis of Perceptions of Quality of Life of Older Adults Residing in a Nursing Home and Assisted Living Setting Using an Integrated Conceptual Model of Measurement. Applied Research Quality Life 7, 137–154 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-011-9154-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-011-9154-6