Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Notfall +  Rettungsmedizin 7/2010

01.11.2010 | ERC-Leitlinien

Ethik der Reanimation und Entscheidungen am Lebensende

Sektion 10 der Leitlinien zur Reanimation 2010 des European Resuscitation Council

verfasst von: F.K. Lippert, V. Raffay, M. Georgiou, P.A. Steen, L. Bossaert

Erschienen in: Notfall + Rettungsmedizin | Ausgabe 7/2010

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Auszug

Der unerwartete Kreislaufstillstand stellt ein Ereignis dar, das häufig verheerende Folgen für die betroffene Person, Familie und Freunde mit sich bringt. Während einige Wiederbelebungsversuche erfolgreich mit einem guten Langzeit-Outcome einhergehen, trifft dies für die Mehrzahl der Fälle trotz großer Anstrengungen und einiger Verbesserungen in der Versorgung von Kreislaufpatienten während des letzten Jahrzehnts nicht zu. …
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Baskett PJ, Lim A (2004) The varying ethical attitudes towards resuscitation in Europe. Resuscitation 62:267–273PubMedCrossRef Baskett PJ, Lim A (2004) The varying ethical attitudes towards resuscitation in Europe. Resuscitation 62:267–273PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Costa DE da, Ghazal H, Al Khusaiby S (2002) Do not resuscitate orders and ethical decisions in a neonatal intensive care unit in a Muslim community. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 86:F115–F119PubMedCrossRef Costa DE da, Ghazal H, Al Khusaiby S (2002) Do not resuscitate orders and ethical decisions in a neonatal intensive care unit in a Muslim community. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 86:F115–F119PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Richter J, Eisemann M, Zgonnikova E (2001) Doctors‘ authoritarianism in end-of-life treatment decisions. A comparison between Russia, Sweden and Germany. J Med Ethics 27:186–191PubMedCrossRef Richter J, Eisemann M, Zgonnikova E (2001) Doctors‘ authoritarianism in end-of-life treatment decisions. A comparison between Russia, Sweden and Germany. J Med Ethics 27:186–191PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat De Leeuw R, Cuttini M, Nadai M et al (2000) Treatment choices for extremely preterm infants: an international perspective. J Pediatr 137:608–616CrossRef De Leeuw R, Cuttini M, Nadai M et al (2000) Treatment choices for extremely preterm infants: an international perspective. J Pediatr 137:608–616CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Sprung CL, Cohen SL, Sjokvist P et al (2003) End-of-life practices in European intensive care units: The ethicus study. JAMA 290:790–797PubMedCrossRef Sprung CL, Cohen SL, Sjokvist P et al (2003) End-of-life practices in European intensive care units: The ethicus study. JAMA 290:790–797PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Ho NK (2001) Decision-making: initiation and withdrawing life support in the asphyxiated infants in developing countries. Singapore Med J 42:402–405PubMed Ho NK (2001) Decision-making: initiation and withdrawing life support in the asphyxiated infants in developing countries. Singapore Med J 42:402–405PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Cuttini M, Nadai M, Kaminski M et al (2000) End-of-life decisions in neonatal intensive care: physicians‘ self-reported practices in seven European countries. Lancet 355:2112–2118PubMedCrossRef Cuttini M, Nadai M, Kaminski M et al (2000) End-of-life decisions in neonatal intensive care: physicians‘ self-reported practices in seven European countries. Lancet 355:2112–2118PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Konishi E (1998) Nurses‘ attitudes towards developing a do not resuscitate policy in Japan. Nurs Ethics 5:218–227PubMed Konishi E (1998) Nurses‘ attitudes towards developing a do not resuscitate policy in Japan. Nurs Ethics 5:218–227PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Muller JH, Desmond B (1992) Ethical dilemmas in a cross-cultural context. A Chinese example. West J Med 157:323–327PubMed Muller JH, Desmond B (1992) Ethical dilemmas in a cross-cultural context. A Chinese example. West J Med 157:323–327PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Edgren E (o J) The ethics of resuscitation; differences between Europe and the USA – Europe should not adopt American guidelines without debate. Resuscitation 23:85–90 Edgren E (o J) The ethics of resuscitation; differences between Europe and the USA – Europe should not adopt American guidelines without debate. Resuscitation 23:85–90
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Bülow H-H, Sprung C, Reinhart K et al (2008) The world’s major religions‘ points of view on end-of life decisions in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 34:423–430PubMedCrossRef Bülow H-H, Sprung C, Reinhart K et al (2008) The world’s major religions‘ points of view on end-of life decisions in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 34:423–430PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Beauchamp TL, Childress J (2008) Principles of biomedical ethics. 6. Aufl. Oxford University, Oxford Beauchamp TL, Childress J (2008) Principles of biomedical ethics. 6. Aufl. Oxford University, Oxford
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Association WM (1964) Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects adopted by the 18th WMA general assembly, Helsinki, Finland, June 1964 and amended at the 29th, 35th, 41st, 48th, 52nd, 55th and 59th WMA Assemblies In. World Medical Association, Helsinki Association WM (1964) Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects adopted by the 18th WMA general assembly, Helsinki, Finland, June 1964 and amended at the 29th, 35th, 41st, 48th, 52nd, 55th and 59th WMA Assemblies In. World Medical Association, Helsinki
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Shuster M, Billi JE, Bossaert L et al (2010) International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Part 4: Conflict of interest management before, during, and after the 2010 International Consensus Conference on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Resuscitation. In Press Shuster M, Billi JE, Bossaert L et al (2010) International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Part 4: Conflict of interest management before, during, and after the 2010 International Consensus Conference on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Resuscitation. In Press
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Sans S, Kesteloot H, Kromhout D (1997) The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe. Task force of the European Society of Cardiology on Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity Statistics in Europe. Eur Heart J 18:1231–1248 Sans S, Kesteloot H, Kromhout D (1997) The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe. Task force of the European Society of Cardiology on Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity Statistics in Europe. Eur Heart J 18:1231–1248
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Atwood C, Eisenberg MS, Herlitz J, Rea TD (2005) Incidence of EMS-treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Europe. Resuscitation 67:75–80PubMedCrossRef Atwood C, Eisenberg MS, Herlitz J, Rea TD (2005) Incidence of EMS-treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Europe. Resuscitation 67:75–80PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Nichol G, Aufderheide TP, Eigel B et al (2010) Regional systems of care for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 121:709–729PubMedCrossRef Nichol G, Aufderheide TP, Eigel B et al (2010) Regional systems of care for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 121:709–729PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Organisation WH (2002) World health report 2002 Organisation WH (2002) World health report 2002
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Organisation WH (2009) Global status report on road safety Organisation WH (2009) Global status report on road safety
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Organisation WH (2009) WHO World health statistics 2009 and 2010 Organisation WH (2009) WHO World health statistics 2009 and 2010
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL et al (2010) Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet 375:1969–1987PubMedCrossRef Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL et al (2010) Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet 375:1969–1987PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Moulaert VRMP, Verbunt JA, Heugten CM van, Wade DT (2009) Cognitive impairments in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review. Resuscitation 80:297–305PubMedCrossRef Moulaert VRMP, Verbunt JA, Heugten CM van, Wade DT (2009) Cognitive impairments in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review. Resuscitation 80:297–305PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Holler NG, Mantoni T, Nielsen SL et al (2007) Long-term survival after out-of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 75:23–28PubMedCrossRef Holler NG, Mantoni T, Nielsen SL et al (2007) Long-term survival after out-of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 75:23–28PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Alem AP van, Vos R de, Schmand B, Koster RW (2004) Cognitive impairment in survivors of out-of hospital cardiac arrest. Am Heart J 148:416–421PubMedCrossRef Alem AP van, Vos R de, Schmand B, Koster RW (2004) Cognitive impairment in survivors of out-of hospital cardiac arrest. Am Heart J 148:416–421PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Bunch TJ, White RD, Gersh BJ et al (2003) Long-term outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest after successful early defibrillation. N Engl J Med 348:2626–2633PubMedCrossRef Bunch TJ, White RD, Gersh BJ et al (2003) Long-term outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest after successful early defibrillation. N Engl J Med 348:2626–2633PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Nichol G, Stiell IG, Hebert P et al (1999) What is the quality of life for survivors of cardiac arrest? A prospective study. Acad Emerg Med 6:95–102PubMedCrossRef Nichol G, Stiell IG, Hebert P et al (1999) What is the quality of life for survivors of cardiac arrest? A prospective study. Acad Emerg Med 6:95–102PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Stiell I, Nichol G, Wells G et al (2003) Health-related quality of life is better for cardiac arrest survivors who received citizen cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation 108:1939–1944PubMedCrossRef Stiell I, Nichol G, Wells G et al (2003) Health-related quality of life is better for cardiac arrest survivors who received citizen cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation 108:1939–1944PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Granja C, Cabral G, Pinto AT, Costa-Pereira A (2002) Quality of life 6-months after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 55:37–44PubMedCrossRef Granja C, Cabral G, Pinto AT, Costa-Pereira A (2002) Quality of life 6-months after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 55:37–44PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Lettieri C, Savonitto S, De Servi S et al (2009) Emergency percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: early and medium-term outcome. Am Heart J 157:569–575 e1PubMedCrossRef Lettieri C, Savonitto S, De Servi S et al (2009) Emergency percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: early and medium-term outcome. Am Heart J 157:569–575 e1PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Tiainen M, Poutiainen E, Kovala T et al (2007) Cognitive and neurophysiological outcome of cardiac arrest survivors treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Stroke 38:2303–2308PubMedCrossRef Tiainen M, Poutiainen E, Kovala T et al (2007) Cognitive and neurophysiological outcome of cardiac arrest survivors treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Stroke 38:2303–2308PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Graf J, Muhlhoff C, Doig GS et al (2008) Health care costs, long-term survival, and quality of life following intensive care unit admission after cardiac arrest. Crit Care 12:R92PubMedCrossRef Graf J, Muhlhoff C, Doig GS et al (2008) Health care costs, long-term survival, and quality of life following intensive care unit admission after cardiac arrest. Crit Care 12:R92PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Horsted TI, Rasmussen LS, Meyhoff CS, Nielsen SL (2007) Long-term prognosis after out-of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 72:214–218PubMedCrossRef Horsted TI, Rasmussen LS, Meyhoff CS, Nielsen SL (2007) Long-term prognosis after out-of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 72:214–218PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Saner H, Borner RE, Kummer-Bangerter A et al (2002) Quality of life in long-term survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 53:7–13PubMedCrossRef Saner H, Borner RE, Kummer-Bangerter A et al (2002) Quality of life in long-term survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 53:7–13PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Reilly SM, Grubb NR, O’Carroll RE (2003) In-hospital cardiac arrest leads to chronic memory impairment. Resuscitation 58:73–79CrossRef O’Reilly SM, Grubb NR, O’Carroll RE (2003) In-hospital cardiac arrest leads to chronic memory impairment. Resuscitation 58:73–79CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Lundgren-Nilsson A, Rosen H, Hofgren C, Sunnerhagen KS (2005) The first year after successful cardiac resuscitation: function, activity, participation and quality of life. Resuscitation 66:285–289PubMedCrossRef Lundgren-Nilsson A, Rosen H, Hofgren C, Sunnerhagen KS (2005) The first year after successful cardiac resuscitation: function, activity, participation and quality of life. Resuscitation 66:285–289PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Iwami T, Kawamura T, Hiraide A et al (2007) Effectiveness of bystander-initiated cardiac-only resuscitation for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 116:2900–2907PubMedCrossRef Iwami T, Kawamura T, Hiraide A et al (2007) Effectiveness of bystander-initiated cardiac-only resuscitation for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 116:2900–2907PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Peberdy MA, Kaye W, Ornato JP et al (2003) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of adults in the hospital: a report of 14,720 cardiac arrests from the national registry of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 58:297–308PubMedCrossRef Peberdy MA, Kaye W, Ornato JP et al (2003) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of adults in the hospital: a report of 14,720 cardiac arrests from the national registry of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 58:297–308PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Deakin CD, Nolan JP, Soar J et al (2010) European resuscitation council guidelines for resuscitation 2010. Section 4. Adult advanced life support. Resuscitation 81 Deakin CD, Nolan JP, Soar J et al (2010) European resuscitation council guidelines for resuscitation 2010. Section 4. Adult advanced life support. Resuscitation 81
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Rossetti AO, Oddo M, Logroscino G, Kaplan PW (2010) Prognostication after cardiac arrest and hypothermia: a prospective study. Ann Neurol 67:301–307PubMed Rossetti AO, Oddo M, Logroscino G, Kaplan PW (2010) Prognostication after cardiac arrest and hypothermia: a prospective study. Ann Neurol 67:301–307PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Gilbert M, Busund R, Skagseth A et al (2000) Resuscitation from accidental hypothermia of 13.7ºC with circulatory arrest. Lancet 355:375–376PubMedCrossRef Gilbert M, Busund R, Skagseth A et al (2000) Resuscitation from accidental hypothermia of 13.7ºC with circulatory arrest. Lancet 355:375–376PubMedCrossRef
42.
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Horsted TI, Rasmussen LS, Lippert FK, Nielsen SL (2004) Outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest – why do physicians withhold resuscitation attempts? Resuscitation 63:287–293PubMedCrossRef Horsted TI, Rasmussen LS, Lippert FK, Nielsen SL (2004) Outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest – why do physicians withhold resuscitation attempts? Resuscitation 63:287–293PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Morrison LJ, Visentin LM, Kiss A et al (2006) Validation of a rule for termination of resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 355:478–487PubMedCrossRef Morrison LJ, Visentin LM, Kiss A et al (2006) Validation of a rule for termination of resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 355:478–487PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Richman PB, Vadeboncoeur TF, Chikani V et al (2008) Independent evaluation of an out-of-hospital termination of resuscitation (TOR) clinical decision rule. Acad Emerg Med 15:517–521PubMedCrossRef Richman PB, Vadeboncoeur TF, Chikani V et al (2008) Independent evaluation of an out-of-hospital termination of resuscitation (TOR) clinical decision rule. Acad Emerg Med 15:517–521PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Morrison LJ, Verbeek PR, Zhan C et al (2009) Validation of a universal prehospital termination of resuscitation clinical prediction rule for advanced and basic life support providers. Resuscitation 80:324–328PubMedCrossRef Morrison LJ, Verbeek PR, Zhan C et al (2009) Validation of a universal prehospital termination of resuscitation clinical prediction rule for advanced and basic life support providers. Resuscitation 80:324–328PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Skrifvars MB, Vayrynen T, Kuisma M et al (2010) Comparison of Helsinki and European Resuscitation Council „do not attempt to resuscitate“ guidelines, and a termination of resuscitation clinical prediction rule for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients found in asystole or pulseless electrical activity. Resuscitation 81:679–684PubMedCrossRef Skrifvars MB, Vayrynen T, Kuisma M et al (2010) Comparison of Helsinki and European Resuscitation Council „do not attempt to resuscitate“ guidelines, and a termination of resuscitation clinical prediction rule for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients found in asystole or pulseless electrical activity. Resuscitation 81:679–684PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Hillman K, Chen J, Cretikos M et al (2005) Introduction of the medical emergency team (MET) system: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 365:2091–2097PubMedCrossRef Hillman K, Chen J, Cretikos M et al (2005) Introduction of the medical emergency team (MET) system: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 365:2091–2097PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Parr MJ, Hadfield JH, Flabouris A et al (2001) The medical emergency team: 12 month analysis of reasons for activation, immediate outcome and not-for-resuscitation orders. Resuscitation 50:39–44PubMedCrossRef Parr MJ, Hadfield JH, Flabouris A et al (2001) The medical emergency team: 12 month analysis of reasons for activation, immediate outcome and not-for-resuscitation orders. Resuscitation 50:39–44PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Hillman K, Parr M, Flabouris A et al (2001) Redefining in-hospital resuscitation: the concept of the medical emergency team. Resuscitation 48:105–110PubMedCrossRef Hillman K, Parr M, Flabouris A et al (2001) Redefining in-hospital resuscitation: the concept of the medical emergency team. Resuscitation 48:105–110PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Danciu SC, Klein L, Hosseini MM et al (2004) A predictive model for survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Resuscitation 62:35–42PubMedCrossRef Danciu SC, Klein L, Hosseini MM et al (2004) A predictive model for survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Resuscitation 62:35–42PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Dautzenberg PL, Broekman TC, Hooyer C et al (1993) Review: patient-related predictors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation of hospitalized patients. Age Ageing 22:464–475PubMedCrossRef Dautzenberg PL, Broekman TC, Hooyer C et al (1993) Review: patient-related predictors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation of hospitalized patients. Age Ageing 22:464–475PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Haukoos JS, Lewis RJ, Niemann JT (2004) Prediction rules for estimating neurologic outcome following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 63:145–155PubMedCrossRef Haukoos JS, Lewis RJ, Niemann JT (2004) Prediction rules for estimating neurologic outcome following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 63:145–155PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Herlitz J, Engdahl J, Svensson L et al (2004) Can we define patients with no chance of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest? Heart 90:1114–1118PubMedCrossRef Herlitz J, Engdahl J, Svensson L et al (2004) Can we define patients with no chance of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest? Heart 90:1114–1118PubMedCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Herlitz J, Svensson L, Silfverstolpe J et al (2006) Characteristics and outcome amongst young adults suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation is attempted. J Intern Med 260:435–441PubMedCrossRef Herlitz J, Svensson L, Silfverstolpe J et al (2006) Characteristics and outcome amongst young adults suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation is attempted. J Intern Med 260:435–441PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Herlitz J, Engdahl J, Svensson L et al (2005) Factors associated with an increased chance of survival among patients suffering from an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a national perspective in Sweden. Am Heart J 149:61–66PubMedCrossRef Herlitz J, Engdahl J, Svensson L et al (2005) Factors associated with an increased chance of survival among patients suffering from an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a national perspective in Sweden. Am Heart J 149:61–66PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Herlitz J, Engdahl J, Svensson L et al (2005) Characteristics and outcome among children suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden. Resuscitation 64:37–40PubMedCrossRef Herlitz J, Engdahl J, Svensson L et al (2005) Characteristics and outcome among children suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden. Resuscitation 64:37–40PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Ebell MH (1992) Prearrest predictors of survival following in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a meta-analysis. J Fam Pract 34:551–558PubMed Ebell MH (1992) Prearrest predictors of survival following in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a meta-analysis. J Fam Pract 34:551–558PubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Larkin GL, Copes WS, Nathanson BH, Kaye W (2010) Pre-resuscitation factors associated with mortality in 49,130 cases of in-hospital cardiac arrest: A report from the national registry for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 81:302–311PubMedCrossRef Larkin GL, Copes WS, Nathanson BH, Kaye W (2010) Pre-resuscitation factors associated with mortality in 49,130 cases of in-hospital cardiac arrest: A report from the national registry for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 81:302–311PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Bonnin MJ, Pepe PE, Kimball KT, Clark PS Jr (1993) Distinct criteria for termination of resuscitation in the out-of-hospital setting. JAMA 270:1457–1462PubMedCrossRef Bonnin MJ, Pepe PE, Kimball KT, Clark PS Jr (1993) Distinct criteria for termination of resuscitation in the out-of-hospital setting. JAMA 270:1457–1462PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Kellermann AL, Hackman BB, Somes G (1993) Predicting the outcome of unsuccessful prehospital advanced cardiac life support. JAMA 270:1433–1436PubMedCrossRef Kellermann AL, Hackman BB, Somes G (1993) Predicting the outcome of unsuccessful prehospital advanced cardiac life support. JAMA 270:1433–1436PubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Olasveengen TM, Wik L, Steen PA (2008) Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation before and during transport in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 76:185–190PubMedCrossRef Olasveengen TM, Wik L, Steen PA (2008) Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation before and during transport in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 76:185–190PubMedCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Nadkarni VM, Larkin GL, Peberdy MA et al (2006) First documented rhythm and clinical outcome from in-hospital cardiac arrest among children and adults. JAMA 295:50–57PubMedCrossRef Nadkarni VM, Larkin GL, Peberdy MA et al (2006) First documented rhythm and clinical outcome from in-hospital cardiac arrest among children and adults. JAMA 295:50–57PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Wyllie J, Richmond S (2010) European resuscitation council guidelines for resuscitation 2010. Section 7. Resuscitation of babies at birth. Resuscitation 81 Wyllie J, Richmond S (2010) European resuscitation council guidelines for resuscitation 2010. Section 7. Resuscitation of babies at birth. Resuscitation 81
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Loertscher L, Reed DA, Bannon MP, Mueller PS (2010) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and do-not resuscitate orders: a guide for clinicians. Am J Med 123:4–9PubMedCrossRef Loertscher L, Reed DA, Bannon MP, Mueller PS (2010) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and do-not resuscitate orders: a guide for clinicians. Am J Med 123:4–9PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Førde R, Aasland OG, Steen PA (2002) Medical end-of-life decisions in Norway. Resuscitation 55:235–240PubMedCrossRef Førde R, Aasland OG, Steen PA (2002) Medical end-of-life decisions in Norway. Resuscitation 55:235–240PubMedCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Hammes BJ, Rooney BL (1998) Death and end-of-life planning in one midwestern community. Arch Intern Med 158:383–390PubMedCrossRef Hammes BJ, Rooney BL (1998) Death and end-of-life planning in one midwestern community. Arch Intern Med 158:383–390PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Tolle SW, Tilden VP, Nelson CA, Dunn PM (1998) A prospective study of the efficacy of the physician order form for life-sustaining treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 46:1097–1102PubMed Tolle SW, Tilden VP, Nelson CA, Dunn PM (1998) A prospective study of the efficacy of the physician order form for life-sustaining treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 46:1097–1102PubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Dunn PM, Schmidt TA, Carley MM et al (1996) A method to communicate patient preferences about medically indicated life-sustaining treatment in the out-of hospital setting. J Am Geriatr Soc 44:785–791PubMed Dunn PM, Schmidt TA, Carley MM et al (1996) A method to communicate patient preferences about medically indicated life-sustaining treatment in the out-of hospital setting. J Am Geriatr Soc 44:785–791PubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee MA, Brummel-Smith K, Meyer J et al (2000) Physician orders for life-sustaining treatment (POLST): outcomes in a PACE program. Program of all-inclusive care for the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 48:1343–1344 Lee MA, Brummel-Smith K, Meyer J et al (2000) Physician orders for life-sustaining treatment (POLST): outcomes in a PACE program. Program of all-inclusive care for the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 48:1343–1344
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt TA, Hickman SE, Tolle SW, Brooks HS (2004) The physician orders for life-sustaining treatment program: Oregon emergency medical technicians‘ practical experiences and attitudes. J Am Geriatr Soc 52:1430–1434PubMedCrossRef Schmidt TA, Hickman SE, Tolle SW, Brooks HS (2004) The physician orders for life-sustaining treatment program: Oregon emergency medical technicians‘ practical experiences and attitudes. J Am Geriatr Soc 52:1430–1434PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Hickman SE, Nelson CA, Moss AH et al (2009) Use of the Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) paradigm program in the hospice setting. J Palliat Med 12:133–141PubMedCrossRef Hickman SE, Nelson CA, Moss AH et al (2009) Use of the Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) paradigm program in the hospice setting. J Palliat Med 12:133–141PubMedCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Teno J, Lynn J, Connors AF Jr et al (1997) The illusion of end-of-life resource savings with advance directives. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to understand prognoses and preferences for outcomes and risks of treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 45:513–518PubMed Teno J, Lynn J, Connors AF Jr et al (1997) The illusion of end-of-life resource savings with advance directives. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to understand prognoses and preferences for outcomes and risks of treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 45:513–518PubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Schneiderman LJ, Kronick R, Kaplan RM et al (1992) Effects of offering advance directives on medical treatments and costs. Ann Intern Med 117:599–606PubMed Schneiderman LJ, Kronick R, Kaplan RM et al (1992) Effects of offering advance directives on medical treatments and costs. Ann Intern Med 117:599–606PubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Teno JM, Stevens M, Spernak S, Lynn J (1998) Role of written advance directives in decision making: insights from qualitative and quantitative data. J Gen Intern Med 13:439–446PubMedCrossRef Teno JM, Stevens M, Spernak S, Lynn J (1998) Role of written advance directives in decision making: insights from qualitative and quantitative data. J Gen Intern Med 13:439–446PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Teno J, Lynn J, Wenger N et al (1997) Advance directives for seriously ill hospitalized patients: effectiveness with the patient self-determination act and the SUPPORT intervention. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 45:500–507PubMed Teno J, Lynn J, Wenger N et al (1997) Advance directives for seriously ill hospitalized patients: effectiveness with the patient self-determination act and the SUPPORT intervention. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 45:500–507PubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Bell D (o J) Emergency medicine and organ donation – A core responsibility at a time of need or threat to professional integrity. Resuscitation. In Press, Corrected Proof Bell D (o J) Emergency medicine and organ donation – A core responsibility at a time of need or threat to professional integrity. Resuscitation. In Press, Corrected Proof
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Rady MY, Verheijde JL, McGregor JL (o J) Scientific, legal, and ethical challenges of end-of-life organ procurement in emergency medicine. Resuscitation. In Press, Corrected Proof Rady MY, Verheijde JL, McGregor JL (o J) Scientific, legal, and ethical challenges of end-of-life organ procurement in emergency medicine. Resuscitation. In Press, Corrected Proof
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Fondevila C, Hessheimer AJ, Ruiz A et al (2007) Liver transplant using donors after unexpected cardiac death: novel preservation protocol and acceptance criteria. Am J Transplant 7:1849–1855PubMedCrossRef Fondevila C, Hessheimer AJ, Ruiz A et al (2007) Liver transplant using donors after unexpected cardiac death: novel preservation protocol and acceptance criteria. Am J Transplant 7:1849–1855PubMedCrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Mateos-Rodríguez A, Pardillos-Ferrer L, Navalpotro-Pascual JM et al (2010) Kidney transplant function using organs from non-heart-beating donors maintained by mechanical chest compressions. Resuscitation 81:904–907PubMedCrossRef Mateos-Rodríguez A, Pardillos-Ferrer L, Navalpotro-Pascual JM et al (2010) Kidney transplant function using organs from non-heart-beating donors maintained by mechanical chest compressions. Resuscitation 81:904–907PubMedCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Doyle CJ, Post H, Burney RE et al (1987) Family participation during resuscitation: an option. Ann Emerg Med 16:673–675PubMedCrossRef Doyle CJ, Post H, Burney RE et al (1987) Family participation during resuscitation: an option. Ann Emerg Med 16:673–675PubMedCrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Boie ET, Moore GP, Brummett C, Nelson DR (1999) Do parents want to be present during invasive procedures performed on their children in the emergency department? A survey of 400 parents. Ann Emerg Med 34:70–74PubMedCrossRef Boie ET, Moore GP, Brummett C, Nelson DR (1999) Do parents want to be present during invasive procedures performed on their children in the emergency department? A survey of 400 parents. Ann Emerg Med 34:70–74PubMedCrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Azoulay E, Sprung CL (2004) Family-physician interactions in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 32:2323–2328PubMed Azoulay E, Sprung CL (2004) Family-physician interactions in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 32:2323–2328PubMed
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Boudreaux ED, Francis JL, Loyacano T (2002) Family presence during invasive procedures and resuscitations in the emergency department: a critical review and suggestions for future research. Ann Emerg Med 40:193–205PubMedCrossRef Boudreaux ED, Francis JL, Loyacano T (2002) Family presence during invasive procedures and resuscitations in the emergency department: a critical review and suggestions for future research. Ann Emerg Med 40:193–205PubMedCrossRef
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Fulbrook P, Latour JM, Albarran JW et al (2007) Paediatric critical care nurses‘ attitudes and experiences of parental presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a European survey. Int J Nurs Stud 44:1238–1249PubMedCrossRef Fulbrook P, Latour JM, Albarran JW et al (2007) Paediatric critical care nurses‘ attitudes and experiences of parental presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a European survey. Int J Nurs Stud 44:1238–1249PubMedCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Fulbrook P, Latour J, Albarran J et al (2007) The presence of family members during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: European federation of Critical Care Nursing associations, European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care and European Society of Cardiology Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions Joint Position Statement. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 6:255–258PubMedCrossRef Fulbrook P, Latour J, Albarran J et al (2007) The presence of family members during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: European federation of Critical Care Nursing associations, European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care and European Society of Cardiology Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions Joint Position Statement. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 6:255–258PubMedCrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Eichhorn DJ, Meyers T, Guzzetta CE et al (2001) Family presence during invasive procedures and resuscitation: Hearing the voice of the patient. Am J Nurs 101:48–55PubMedCrossRef Eichhorn DJ, Meyers T, Guzzetta CE et al (2001) Family presence during invasive procedures and resuscitation: Hearing the voice of the patient. Am J Nurs 101:48–55PubMedCrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Wagner JM (2004) Lived experience of critically ill patients‘ family members during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am J Crit Care 13:416–420PubMed Wagner JM (2004) Lived experience of critically ill patients‘ family members during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am J Crit Care 13:416–420PubMed
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Gazmuri RJ, Nolan JP, Nadkarni VM et al (2007) Scientific knowledge gaps and clinical research priorities for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care identified during the 2005 International Consensus Conference on ECC and CPR Science with Treatment Recommendations. A consensus statement from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation; the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; the Stroke council; and the Cardiovascular Nursing Council. Resuscitation 75:400–411PubMedCrossRef Gazmuri RJ, Nolan JP, Nadkarni VM et al (2007) Scientific knowledge gaps and clinical research priorities for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care identified during the 2005 International Consensus Conference on ECC and CPR Science with Treatment Recommendations. A consensus statement from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation; the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; the Stroke council; and the Cardiovascular Nursing Council. Resuscitation 75:400–411PubMedCrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Nolan JP, Hazinski MF, Billi JE et al (2010) International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Part 1: Executive summary. Resuscitation. In Press Nolan JP, Hazinski MF, Billi JE et al (2010) International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Part 1: Executive summary. Resuscitation. In Press
91.
Zurück zum Zitat U.S. Department of Health and Human services (1996) Protection of human subjects: Informed consent and waiver of informed consent requirements in certain emergency research. Final rules. Codified at 21 CFR, Part 50, and 45 CFR, Part 46. Fed Regist 61:51500–51533 U.S. Department of Health and Human services (1996) Protection of human subjects: Informed consent and waiver of informed consent requirements in certain emergency research. Final rules. Codified at 21 CFR, Part 50, and 45 CFR, Part 46. Fed Regist 61:51500–51533
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Fontaine N, Rosengren B (2001) Directive/20/EC of the European Parliament and Council of 4th April 2001 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the member states relating to the implementation of good clinical practice in the conduct of trials on medical products for human use. The Official Journal of the European Communities 212:34–44 Fontaine N, Rosengren B (2001) Directive/20/EC of the European Parliament and Council of 4th April 2001 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the member states relating to the implementation of good clinical practice in the conduct of trials on medical products for human use. The Official Journal of the European Communities 212:34–44
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Lemaire F, Bion J, Blanco J et al (2005) The European Union Directive on Clinical Research: present status of implementation in EU member states‘ legislations with regard to the incompetent patient. Intensive Care Med 31:476–479PubMedCrossRef Lemaire F, Bion J, Blanco J et al (2005) The European Union Directive on Clinical Research: present status of implementation in EU member states‘ legislations with regard to the incompetent patient. Intensive Care Med 31:476–479PubMedCrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Nichol G, Huszti E, Rokosh J et al (2004) Impact of informed consent requirements on cardiac arrest research in the United States: exception from consent or from research? Resuscitation 62:3–23PubMedCrossRef Nichol G, Huszti E, Rokosh J et al (2004) Impact of informed consent requirements on cardiac arrest research in the United States: exception from consent or from research? Resuscitation 62:3–23PubMedCrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat (o A) (1996) Protection of human subjects; informed consent – FDA. Final rule. Fed Regist 61:51498–51533 (o A) (1996) Protection of human subjects; informed consent – FDA. Final rule. Fed Regist 61:51498–51533
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Mosesso VN Jr, Brown LH, Greene HL et al (2004) Conducting research using the emergency exception from informed consent: the Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) Trial experience. Resuscitation 61:29–36PubMedCrossRef Mosesso VN Jr, Brown LH, Greene HL et al (2004) Conducting research using the emergency exception from informed consent: the Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) Trial experience. Resuscitation 61:29–36PubMedCrossRef
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Hiller KM, Haukoos JS, Heard K et al (2005) Impact of the Final Rule on the rate of clinical cardiac arrest research in the United States. Acad Emerg Med 12:1091–1098PubMedCrossRef Hiller KM, Haukoos JS, Heard K et al (2005) Impact of the Final Rule on the rate of clinical cardiac arrest research in the United States. Acad Emerg Med 12:1091–1098PubMedCrossRef
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Morag RM, DeSouza S, Steen PA et al (2005) Performing procedures on the newly deceased for teaching purposes: What if we were to ask? Arch Intern Med 165:92–96PubMedCrossRef Morag RM, DeSouza S, Steen PA et al (2005) Performing procedures on the newly deceased for teaching purposes: What if we were to ask? Arch Intern Med 165:92–96PubMedCrossRef
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Hergenroeder GW, Prator BC, Chow AF, Powner DJ (2007) Postmortem intubation training: patient and family opinion. Med Educ 41:1210–1216PubMedCrossRef Hergenroeder GW, Prator BC, Chow AF, Powner DJ (2007) Postmortem intubation training: patient and family opinion. Med Educ 41:1210–1216PubMedCrossRef
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Baskett PJ, Steen PA, Bossaert L (2005) European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2005. Section 8. The ethics of resuscitation and end-of-life decisions. Resuscitation 67(Suppl 1):171–180CrossRef Baskett PJ, Steen PA, Bossaert L (2005) European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2005. Section 8. The ethics of resuscitation and end-of-life decisions. Resuscitation 67(Suppl 1):171–180CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Ethik der Reanimation und Entscheidungen am Lebensende
Sektion 10 der Leitlinien zur Reanimation 2010 des European Resuscitation Council
verfasst von
F.K. Lippert
V. Raffay
M. Georgiou
P.A. Steen
L. Bossaert
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2010
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Notfall + Rettungsmedizin / Ausgabe 7/2010
Print ISSN: 1434-6222
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-0578
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-010-1376-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2010

Notfall +  Rettungsmedizin 7/2010 Zur Ausgabe

Editorial

Foreword