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Erschienen in: Notfall +  Rettungsmedizin 3/2009

01.04.2009 | Leitthema

Interaktion von Volumentherapie und Gerinnung

verfasst von: Dr. S. Lison, P. Innerhofer, M. Spannagl, B. Heindl

Erschienen in: Notfall + Rettungsmedizin | Ausgabe 3/2009

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Zusammenfassung

Viele Volumenersatzmittel können die Gerinnung neben einem unspezifischen Verdünnungseffekt auch spezifisch beeinflussen. Zu den spezifischen Effekten zählen die Erniedrigung der Faktor VIII- und der Von-Willebrand-Faktor-Aktivität, eine Störung der Fibrinpolymerisation, eine Verlängerung der Blutungszeit und ein negativer Einfluss auf die Thrombozytenfunktion. Dabei gibt es deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Substanzen. Kristalloide und Albumin weisen primär nur einen Verdünnungseffekt auf. Hydroxyethylstärke (HES) mit einem hohen Molekulargewicht (HMW) und Dextrane beeinträchtigen die Gerinnung erheblich und sollten daher beim blutenden oder blutungsgefährdeten Patienten gänzlich vermieden werden. Gelatine und HES mit einem niedrigen Molekulargewicht (LMW) und Substitutionsgrad beeinflussen vor allem die Fibrinpolymerisation, besonders bei jungen Patienten mit niedrigen Fibrinogenspiegeln muss frühzeitig mit einer beeinträchtigten Gerinnselbildung gerechnet werden. Die Kofaktoren Azidose und Hypothermie können das Hämostasepotential ebenfalls schwer beeinträchtigen und sollten daher konsequent therapiert werden. Die Gabe von balanzierten Lösungen scheint sich über die Vermeidung einer hyperchlorämischen Azidose günstig auf die Gerinnung auszuwirken.
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Metadaten
Titel
Interaktion von Volumentherapie und Gerinnung
verfasst von
Dr. S. Lison
P. Innerhofer
M. Spannagl
B. Heindl
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2009
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Notfall + Rettungsmedizin / Ausgabe 3/2009
Print ISSN: 1434-6222
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-0578
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-008-1145-2

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