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Erschienen in: Notfall +  Rettungsmedizin 5/2006

01.08.2006 | CME Weiterbildung • Zertifizierte Fortbildung

Präklinische Volumentherapie beim Trauma

verfasst von: Dr. M. Raum, C. Waydhas, AG Notfallmedizin

Erschienen in: Notfall + Rettungsmedizin | Ausgabe 5/2006

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Zusammenfassung

Die präklinische Volumentherapie nach Trauma wird kontrovers diskutiert. Unstrittig ist bei Schwerverletzten das Risiko eines akuten Blutverlusts, der in eine Zentralisierung des Kreislaufs münden und unbehandelt in einen manifesten hämorrhagisch-traumatischen Schock übergehen kann. Neben der Blutstillung, die in der Kausalbehandlung höchste Priorität hat, ist die Volumentherapie der 2. Pfeiler der Kreislauftherapie. Bei manifestem oder drohendem Schock sollten 1–2 großkalibrigen Zugänge gelegt werden. Bei Patienten ohne Blutungs-/Schockzeichen ist keine Flüssigkeitsgabe notwendig. Blutverluste aus zum Stillstand gekommenen Blutungen sollten ersetzt werden. Bei präklinisch nicht stillbaren Blutungen wird neben dem schnellstmöglichen Transport in eine geeignete Klinik die permissive Hypotension favorisiert (Zielblutdruck systolisch 70–90 mmHg). Nach schwerem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma kann aktuell eine Volumentherapie empfohlen werden (mittlerer arterieller Zielblutdruck 90 mmHg). Als Volumenersatzlösung sind Kristalloide zu bevorzugen. Bei vermuteten Blutverlusten >2 l wird oft eine zusätzliche Kolloidgabe befürwortet. Der Stellenwert von kolloidalen und hyperosmolaren Kochsalz-Kolloid-Lösungen kann nicht abschließend beurteilt werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Präklinische Volumentherapie beim Trauma
verfasst von
Dr. M. Raum
C. Waydhas
AG Notfallmedizin
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2006
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Notfall + Rettungsmedizin / Ausgabe 5/2006
Print ISSN: 1434-6222
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-0578
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-006-0838-7

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