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Zelluläre Regulation des Anabolismus und Katabolismus der Skelettmuskulatur bei Immobilität, im Alter und bei kritisch Kranken

Cellular regulation of anabolism and catabolism in skeletal muscle during immobilisation, aging and critical illness

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Summary

Skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with situations of acute and chronical illness, such as sepsis, surgery, trauma and immobility. Additionally, it is a common problem during the physiological process of aging. The myofibrillar proteins myosin and actin, which are essential for muscle contraction, are the major targets during the process of protein degradation. This leads to a general loss of muscle mass, muscle strength and to increased muscle fatigue. In critically ill or immobile patients skeletal muscle atrophy is accompanied by enhanced inflammation, reduced wound healing, weaning complications and difficulties in mobilisation. During aging it results in falls, fractures, physical injuries and loss of mobility. Relating to the primary stimulators – hormones, muscle lengthening, stress, inflammation, neuronal activity – research is now focusing on the investigation of the signal transduction pathways, which influence protein synthesis and protein degradation during skeletal muscle atrophy.

Zusammenfassung

Die Atrophie der Skelettmuskulatur ist eine Begleiterscheinung bei einer Vielzahl von akuten und chronischen Erkrankungen, wie Sepsis, chirurgische Interventionen, Trauma oder Immobilität. Auch während des Alterungsprozesses kommt es zu einem massiven allgemeinen Muskelabbau. Davon betroffen sind insbesondere die für die Muskelkontraktion notwendigen myofibrillären Proteine Myosin und Aktin, wodurch ein Verlust an Muskelmasse und Muskelkraft sowie eine beschleunigte Muskelermüdung entsteht. Die Folgen sind beim kritisch Kranken oder immobilen Patienten erhöhte Infektionsraten, verlangsamte Wundheilung, Komplikationen bei der Entwöhnung von der Beatmung und erschwerte Mobilisation. Im Alter führt dies zu Stürzen, Knochenbrüchen, Verletzungen und Mobilitätsverlust. Ausgehend von den primären Stimulatoren – Hormone, Muskeldehnung, Stress, Inflammation, neuronale Aktivität – konzentriert sich die Wissenschaft auf die Erforschung der Signaltransduktionswege, die zu einer Beeinflussung der Proteinsynthese und des Proteinabbaus bei Atrophien des Skelettmuskels führen.

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  1. Chirurgische Forschungslaboratorien, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Austria

    Eva-Maria Strasser, Barbara Wessner & Erich Roth

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  1. Eva-Maria Strasser
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  2. Barbara Wessner
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  3. Erich Roth
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Correspondence to Erich Roth.

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Strasser, EM., Wessner, B. & Roth, E. Zelluläre Regulation des Anabolismus und Katabolismus der Skelettmuskulatur bei Immobilität, im Alter und bei kritisch Kranken. Wien Klin Wochenschr 119, 337–348 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-007-0817-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-007-0817-0

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