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Kammerflattern, Kammerflimmern und ventrikuläre Tachykardien

Strategien für die Notfall- und Intensivmedizin

Ventricular flutter, ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia–

Strategies for emergency and critical care medicine

  • Notfallmedizin
  • Published:
Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin

Zusammenfassung

Die Prognose von Patienten mit prähospitalem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand (pHKS) durch Kammerflimmern ist schlecht und nur 5–8% der Patienten überleben ein solches Ereignis. Die Defibrillation ist das entscheidende therapeutische Verfahren und sollte beim pHKS innerhalb von 5 Minuten erfolgen. Jede Minute, die vergeht, verschlechtert den Erfolg der Defibrillation um circa 10%. „Frühdefibrillation“ wird als Intervention mittels automatisierter externer Defibrillatoren (AED) durch nicht ärztliche Rettungskräfte verstanden, wobei zwischen der „First Responder“ Defibrillation (trainierte Laienhelfer) und der „Public Access“ Defibrillation (zufällig in der Nähe von AED anwesende untrainierte Laien) unterschieden wird. In den meisten bisher vorliegenden Studien aus USA und Europa wurde nachgewiesen, dass die AED-Anwendung durch trainierte Ersthelfer zu höheren Überlebensraten führte als beim Einsatz professioneller Helfer („NAW-Team“). Dieses wurde damit begründet, dass die „call-to-arrival-time“ bei Ersthelfern wesentlich kürzer war als bei den professionellen Rettungssystemen. Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt sollten AEDs an Plätzen installiert werden, an denen sich viele Menschen aufhalten. Auch in Kliniken sind die Reanimationsergebnisse schlecht und die Überlebensrsate liegt bei lediglich 30%. Auch in medizinischen Institutionen sollte eine Defibrillation so schnell möglich erfolgen, um die schlechten Reanimationsergebnisse zu verbessern.

Abstract

Sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death in the western world and only 5–8% of patients survive such an event. Defibrillation is the most effective treatment and should be performed within 5 minutes; however, its effectiveness diminishes by about 10% with each passing minute. “Early defibrillation” is the use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) by trained public-safety personal (“first responder”), whereas “public access” defibrillation describes AED use by people who have no specific AED training. Several studies in the US and in Europe show that first responder defibrillation will increase the number of survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest compared to paramedics. This is caused by a shorter “call-to-arrival time” for first responders compared to paramedics. In Europe, automated external defibrillators have only rarely been installed in locations frequented by large numbers of people. Reasons for this are the lack of open-mindedness, as well as logistic and legal problems. Unfortunately, there is also a poor success rate of resuscitation in hospitals with survival rates of about 30%. Therefore, placement of automated external defibrillators in public places frequented by large numbers of susceptible people and in hospitals will increase overall survival.

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Herausgegeben von H.-J. Trappe (Herne)

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Trappe, HJ. Kammerflattern, Kammerflimmern und ventrikuläre Tachykardien. Intensivmed 46, 101–108 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00390-008-0021-0

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