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Notfallmanagement bei der Primärversorgung kindlicher Verbrennungen

Pre-hospital emergency management in pediatric burns

  • NOTFALLMEDIZIN
  • Published:
Intensivmedizin + Notfallmedizin

Summary

In recent years, advances in trauma care have led to a marked reduction in mortality in burn injuries particularly in children. This increase in survival can be attributed to a better understanding of metabolism and advances in care management. At the same time, cosmetic and functional outcomes have also been improved due to progress in local wound therapy and aggressive surgical treatment for early wound closure. However, the quality and success of treatment in pediatric burns is also dependent on the pre-hospital emergency management at the scene and during transport. In order to determine the quality of pre-hospital emergency care, the clinical notes and transfer documentation of 80 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit between 1998 and 2001 were reviewed. Our results showed that the most frequent complications among children with burn injuries were due to hypothermia due to excessively long wound cooling, lack of analgosedation and incorrect resuscitation because of false estimations of burned body surface area. Fortunately, mortality is seldom a result of these incorrect procedures and mistakes can be adjusted by good co-operation between the pediatric physician and pediatric surgeon. Nonetheless, even single cases of mismanagement highlight the need to reassess standard practices. With the aim of improving the quality of pre-hospital emergency management, the research group “Der Arbeitskreis das schwerbrandverletzte Kind” has completed the guidelines for emergency management of burns with special recommendations for the medical care of children.

Zusammenfassung

In den vergangenen Jahren konnte die Mortalität schwerstbrandverletzter Kinder durch eine Verbesserung des intensivmedizinischen Managements erheblich reduziert werden. Gleichzeitig wurde durch die Optimierung der lokalen Wundbehandlung und der chirurgischen Transplantationstechnik das kosmetische und funktionelle Outcome deutlich verbessert. Der Erfolg der Behandlung brandverletzter Kinder hängt aber nicht zuletzt auch von der richtigen Primärversorgung ab. Diesbezüglich werteten wir 80 brandverletzte Intensivpatienten unserer Klinik der vergangenen vier Jahre aus. Die häufigsten Fehlerquellen bei der Erstversorgung von brandverletzten Kindern liegen in der Unterkühlung durch fehlerhafte Wundversorgung und zu lange Wundkühlung, fehlende Analgosedierung bis hin zu fehlerhaftem Infusionsregime durch Fehleinschätzung der verbrannten Körperoberfläche. Glücklicherweise enden diese Fehlbehandlungen nur selten letal und können durch eine enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem Intensiv-Pädiater und Kinderchirurgen korrigiert werden. Dennoch veranlassen gerade Einzelfälle von Missmanagement ein Überdenken der bisherigen Vorgehensweise, um eine Qualitätsverbesserung bei der Erstversorgung von kindlichen Verbrennungen zu erreichen. Daher hat der Arbeitskreis “Das schwerbrandverletzte Kind” die Therapieempfehlungen für die notärztliche Primärversorgung von Brandverletzten mit speziellen Empfehlungen für die Versorgung von Kindern ergänzt.

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Correspondence to I. Jester.

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Serie: Die Notfalltherapie und Intensivtherapie beim Verbrennungstrauma Herausgegeben von B. Hartmann (Berlin)

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Jester, I., Jester, A., Demirakca, S. et al. Notfallmanagement bei der Primärversorgung kindlicher Verbrennungen. Intensivmed + Notfallmed 42, 60–65 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00390-005-0511-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00390-005-0511-2

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