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The association of targeted temperature management at 33 and 36 °C with outcome in patients with moderate shock on admission after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a post hoc analysis of the Target Temperature Management trial

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Abstract

Purpose

We hypothesized that a targeted temperature of 33 °C as compared to that of 36 °C would increase survival and reduce the severity of circulatory shock in patients with shock on admission after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods

The recently published Target Temperature Management trial (TTM-trial) randomized 939 OHCA patients with no difference in outcome between groups and no difference in mortality at the end of the trial in a predefined subgroup of patients with shock at admission. Shock was defined as a systolic blood pressure of <90 mm Hg for >30 min or the need of supportive measures to maintain a blood pressure ≥90 mmHg and/or clinical signs of end-organ hypoperfusion. In this post hoc analysis reported here, we further analyzed the 139 patients with shock at admission; all had been randomized to receive intervention at 33 °C (TTM33; n = 71) or 36 °C (TTM36; n = 68). Primary outcome was 180-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) and 30-day mortality, severity of circulatory shock assessed by mean arterial pressure, serum lactate, fluid balance and the extended Sequential Organ Failure assessment (SOFA) score.

Results

There was no significance difference between targeted temperature management at 33 °C or 36 °C on 180-day mortality [log-rank test, p = 0.17, hazard ratio 1.33, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.88–1.98] or ICU mortality (61 vs. 44 %, p = 0.06; relative risk 1.37, 95 % CI 0.99–1.91). Serum lactate and the extended cardiovascular SOFA score were higher in the TTM33 group (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

We found no benefit in survival or severity of circulatory shock with targeted temperature management at 33 °C as compared to 36 °C in patients with shock on admission after OHCA.

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Acknowledgments

Support was provided by independent research grants from the Swedish Heart–Lung Foundation, Arbetsmarknadens Försäkringsaktiebolag Insurance foundation, Swedish Research Council, Region Skåne (Sweden), National Health Service (Sweden), Thelma Zoegas Foundation, Krapperup Foundation, Thure Carlsson Foundation, Hans-Gabriel and Alice Trolle-Wachtmeister Foundation for Medical Research, Skåne University Hospital, TrygFonden (Denmark), European Clinical Research Infrastructures Network and European Union Interreg programme IV A.

Conflicts of interest

Hans Friberg and Tommaso Pellis have received lecture fees from Bard Medical. Matt P. Wise has consulted for Bard and Merck (Advisory Boards), is employed by NISCHR AHSC (research fellowship 0.4 WTE) and has received royalties from Wiley Publishing (book chapters), a fee for lecturing at an educational meeting from Fisher & Paykel, financial support for travel from ISICEM, Eli Lilly, British Thoracic Society and the Intensive Care Society, a loan of EIT equipment for research from Care Fusion and a gift of oral care products for research from Sage Products.

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Correspondence to Martin Annborn.

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Annborn, M., Bro-Jeppesen, J., Nielsen, N. et al. The association of targeted temperature management at 33 and 36 °C with outcome in patients with moderate shock on admission after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a post hoc analysis of the Target Temperature Management trial. Intensive Care Med 40, 1210–1219 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-014-3375-8

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