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Schwangerschaft und Sport

Teil 1: Folgen für Mutter und Kind

Pregnancy and sports

Part 1: Sequelae for mother and child

  • Frauengesundheit in der Praxis
  • Published:
Der Gynäkologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Körperlich aktiv zu sein während der Schwangerschaft führt noch immer zu Verunsicherung und zu Fragen: Wie viel und welchen Sport soll eine Schwangere ausüben, welche Folgen entstehen für Mutter und Kind? Während der Schwangerschaft führen erhebliche physiologische Veränderungen in der Hämodynamik, im Respirationstrakt, im muskuloskelettalen System, im Glukosestoffwechsel und im weiteren Endokrinium sowie in der Psyche zu tief greifenden Veränderungen, die sich mannigfaltig auf die Fitness und die sportliche Leistungsfähigkeit auswirken. Unter Berücksichtigung allgemeiner Trainingshinweise, Vorsichtsmaßnahmen und Kontraindikationen ist ein Training entsprechend dem Fitnessgrad der Mutter zum Erhalt physischer und psychischer Fitness möglich und wünschenswert. Viele Sportarten (Joggen, Nordic Walking, Schwimmen, Radfahren u. a.) können in einer Schwangerschaft ohne Risiko betrieben werden. Die Auflockerung des Bindegewebes und die konsekutiven Bandinstabilitäten müssen sorgfältig bezüglich der aeroben Belastbarkeit berücksichtigt werden. Die Verletzungsgefahren bestehen bei fortgeschrittener Schwangerschaft in einer direkten Traumatisierung des Feten. Durch regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität wird ein gesünderer Lebensstil gepflegt, weiter wird schwangerschaftsbedingten Erkrankungen und deren Folgen vorgebeugt.

Abstract

Being physically active during pregnancy often leads to uncertainty and questions: how much and which kinds of sport are possible? Changes in fitness and physical performance in pregnant women arise due to many physiological changes in hemodynamics, the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal system, glucose metabolism, endocrinological feedback and also in the psyche. Considering general recommendations for training, careful measures and contraindications, moderate or even vigorous training is possible depending on the individual mother’s fitness and desirable to maintain physical and emotional fitness. Many kinds of sport such as jogging, nordic walking, swimming and cycling can be carried on during pregnancy without risk and promote the health of both mother and child. However, the mother’s increasing weight and the resultant instability of ligaments must be kept carefully in mind to create a moderate aerobic workload. The danger of injury is present in later pregnancy and may lead to fetal trauma. For the pregnant woman a serious injury also includes the risks involved in the diagnostics and therapy. Regular physical activity means paying regular attention to a healthy lifestyle. This prevents diabetes, obesity, hypertension, thromboembolic deseases and their consequences in the mother’s life but also the child’s well-being.

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  1. Abteilung Rehabilitative und Präventive Sportmedizin, Medizinische Universität, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland

    U. Korsten-Reck

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Korsten-Reck, U. Schwangerschaft und Sport. Gynäkologe 44, 847–853 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-011-2852-1

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