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Benignes subkutanes Emphysem nach Nagelpenetration

Fallbeschreibung und wichtige Differentialdiagnosen

Benign subcutaneous emphysema after nail penetration

Case report and important differential diagnoses

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Zusammenfassung

Sind Krepitationen unter der Haut nach penetrierenden Verletzungenein ein harmloses benignes subkutanes Emphysem oder eine gefährliche Infektion mit gasbildenden Bakterien (Gasbrand durch Clostridium perfringens, krepitierende Zellulitis durch anaerobe Streptokokken oder koliforme Anaerobier)?

Wir berichten über einen 74-jährigen Mann, der nach Verletzung mit einem Eisennagel an Daumen und Zeigefinger der linken Hand ein ausgedehntes Knistern am linken Oberarm und Unterarm, an der linken und rechten Thoraxhälfte und ein Mediastinalemphysem entwickelte. Da primär der Verdacht auf eine Gasbrandinfektion vorlag, wurden an der linken Hand, dem linken Unterarm und Oberarm Entlastungsschnitte sowohl dorsal- als auch ventralseitig angelegt und eine offene Wundbehandlung durchgeführt. Eine Dreifachantibiose wurde begleitend gegeben. Bei rückläufigen Weichteil- und Mediastinalemphysem, durchgehender Beschwerdefreiheit des Patienten, unauffälligen Abstrichergebnissen und niedrigen Entzündungsparametern konnten 9 Tage nach Primäroperation die Wunden verschlossen werden. Der Verdacht auf Gasbrand durch Clostridium perfringens bestätigte sich nicht, so dass die Diagnose eines benignen subkutanen Emphysem gestellt werden konnte.

Abstract

Crepitus under the skin after penetrating injuries: harmless benign subcutaneous emphysema or life-threatening infection with gas-producing bacteria (gas gangrene because of Clostridium perfringens, crepitating cellulitis because of anaerobic Streptococcus or other coliforme bacteria)?

We report a case of a 74-year-old male who developed massive crepitation of the left upper extremity and the lateral thoracic wall and mediastinal emphysema after sustaining a laceration of the left thumb and forefinger from a nail. Because there was the suspicion of gas gangrene we performed generous skin incisions of the ventral and dorsal part of the hand, the forearm and upper arm and open wound treatment. A triple antibiotic therapy was initiated. Due to fast regression of the subcutaneous emphysema and the mediastinal emphysema, continuing lack of symptoms, negative smear test results from the beginning and low infection parameters in the blood all wounds could be closed 9 days after primary surgery. The suspicion of gas gangrene was not confirmed so the diagnosis of benign subcutaneous emphysema was made.

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Kantelberg, C., Meyer, C. & Harland, U. Benignes subkutanes Emphysem nach Nagelpenetration. Unfallchirurg 117, 174–178 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-013-2363-8

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