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Perinatale Einflüsse auf das Adipositasrisiko

Perinatal effects and risk of obesity

  • Leitthema: Adipositas
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Tierexperimentelle Daten und quasi experimentelle Beobachtungen beim Menschen lassen annehmen, dass es eine Prägung des Adipositasrisikos in der Perinatalperiode gibt. Von besonderem Interesse für die Beratung von Eltern sind der Einfluss des Geburtsgewichts und der Gewichtszunahme in den ersten 2 Lebensjahren. Hinsichtlich der Prävention sind der Schutzfaktor Stillen und der Risikofaktor Rauchen der Mutter in der Schwangerschaft von besonderer Bedeutung. Die epidemiologische Evidenz für das Vorhandensein dieser Einflussfaktoren und deren potenzielle Bedeutung im Rahmen der Prävention im Kindesalter werden dargestellt. Ein Einfluss auf das Adipositasrisiko durch hohes Geburtsgewicht, Stillen, rasche Gewichtszunahme in den ersten 2 Lebensjahren und Rauchen der Mutter in der Schwangerschaft kann als sehr wahrscheinlich gelten. Potenziell beeinflussbar erscheinen primär die Stillrate und die Prävalenz des mütterlichen Rauchens in der Schwangerschaft. Durch entsprechende Beratung kann das individuelle Adipositasrisiko des einzelnen Kindes moderat beeinflusst werden. Eine größere Auswirkung auf die Adipositasepidemie kann jedoch kaum erwartet werden.

Abstract

Animal experiments and quasi-experimental observational studies in humans suggest a role for perinatal exposures in programming the risk of obesity in children. The impact of high birth weight and early weight gain is most interesting for counseling parents. The role of breastfeeding and maternal smoking during pregnancy could be relevant for prevention programs. The epidemiological evidence for the assumption of the risk related to high birth weight, rapid weight gain in the first 2 years of life and for the protective effect of breastfeeding and the potential impact of these factors for prevention is discussed. An impact of these factors on the child’s risk of obesity is likely. Only avoidance of maternal smoking during pregnancy and increased breastfeeding rates, however, are promising targets for prevention. While avoidance of maternal smoking during pregnancy and breastfeeding may moderately reduce the individual child’s risk of obesity, the effect of these measures on the obesity epidemic in Germany will be limited.

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Danksagung

Mit Unterstützung durch das Bayerische Staatsministerium für Umwelt, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz

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  1. Abteilung für Epidemiologie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Institut für Soziale Pädiatrie und Jugendmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München

    R. von Kries & A. M. Toschke

  2. Abteilung für Epidemiologie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Institut für Soziale Pädiatrie und Jugendmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Heiglhofstraße 63, 81377, München

    R. von Kries

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  1. R. von Kries
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  2. A. M. Toschke
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Correspondence to R. von Kries.

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von Kries, R., Toschke, A.M. Perinatale Einflüsse auf das Adipositasrisiko . Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 152, 843–848 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-004-0987-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-004-0987-z

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