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Psychische Komorbidität bei Krebserkrankungen

Psychological comorbidity in patients with cancer

  • Leitthema
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Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Tumorerkrankungen zählen in den westlichen Industrienationen zu den häufigsten körperlichen Erkrankungen und weisen steigende Inzidenzzahlen auf. Wenngleich ihre medizinische Behandlung über die vergangenen Jahrzehnte deutlich verbessert und dadurch die Überlebenszeiten verlängert werden konnten, ist die Erkrankung für die Betroffenen mit zahlreichen psychosozialen Problemlagen, schweren Leiden und Todesbedrohung verbunden. Die psychosozialen Belastungen infolge einer Tumorerkrankung lassen sich je nach Schweregrad und Dauer auf einem Kontinuum zwischen normalen Belastungsreaktionen und psychischer Komorbidität im Sinne einer ICD-Klassifikation beschreiben. Bei den psychischen Folgestörungen stehen vor allem Anpassungsstörungen, Angststörungen und depressive Störungen im Vordergrund. Die in der Literatur berichteten Prävalenzraten schwanken je nach untersuchten Diagnosegruppen sowie verwendeten Untersuchungsinstrumenten sehr stark. Für die Diagnostik stehen in der Psychoonkologie heute standardisierte und validierte Screeninginstrumente sowie diagnostische Interviews zur Verfügung. Die Abklärung der psychosozialen Belastungen und die Bestimmung psychischer Komorbidität sind heute wichtige Aufgaben in der Behandlung von Tumorpatienten, um den psychosozialen Beratungs- und Behandlungsbedarf individuell ermitteln zu können.

Abstract

In western industrial nations, cancer is one of the most frequent somatic diseases showing increasing incidence rates. Although the options for medical treatment and the survival rates for most cancer diagnoses have improved over the last few decades, cancer is still a life-threatening illness associated with psychosocial issues, suffering, and distress. Depending on the severity and duration of symptoms, psychosocial distress due to cancer ranges from normal reactions to psychological comorbidity based on ICD classification criteria. In cancer patients, the most frequent psychological diagnoses are adjustment disorders, anxiety, and depression; prevalence rates in the literature show high variations depending on the tumor type studied and the assessment instrument used. Today, standardized and validated screening instruments and diagnostic interviews are available for the screening and assessment of psychosocial distress and psychiatric comorbidity. The screening of psychosocial distress in cancer patients and the assessment of psychiatric disorders are important tasks of modern cancer treatment in order to determine the need for psychosocial counseling and psychooncological treatment.

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  1. Abteilung Psychoonkologie, Klinik für Tumorbiologie an der Universität Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 117, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland

    J. Weis & A. Boehncke

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  1. J. Weis
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  2. A. Boehncke
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Correspondence to J. Weis.

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Weis, J., Boehncke, A. Psychische Komorbidität bei Krebserkrankungen. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 54, 46–51 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-010-1184-y

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