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Off label use von Notfallmedikamenten im Kindesalter

Grenzen und Grauzonen der Medikamentenzulassung

Off-label use of drugs in pediatric emergencies

Limitations and grey areas of drug approval

  • Notfallmedizin
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Zusammenfassung

In der medizinischen Versorgung von Kindern werden Medikamente regelhaft außerhalb ihrer Zulassung eingesetzt. Die Verwendung im Rahmen des „Off label use“ ist möglich, erfordert aber den kritischen Umgang mit der eingesetzten Substanz. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Grenzen, Grauzonen und Möglichkeiten der Pharmakotherapie von Kindern in Notfallmedizin und Kinderanästhesie mithilfe eines tabellarischen Ampelschemas dargestellt. Von den 45 aufgezeigten Notfallmedikamenten sind die meisten, zumindest unter Auflagen, im Kindesalter einsetzbar. Im Säuglingsalter und in der Neugeborenenperiode offenbaren sich Lücken hinsichtlich der Zulassung, sodass regelhaft ein Off label use erfolgt. Gravierende Fallstricke, wie das Propofolinfusionssyndrom im Rahmen einer Dauersedierung mit Propofol bei Patienten unter 16 Jahren, verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit der kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit den eingesetzten Substanzen. Maßgeblich für die medikamentöse Therapie ist der aktuelle Stand des medizinischen Wissens. Bei Fehlen der formalen Zulassung in den Fachinformationen sind Leitlinien, Studienverzeichnisse, Literaturdatenbanken oder Empfehlungen in der Fachliteratur sinnvolle Stützen für die Rechtfertigung einer Off-label-Therapie.

Abstract

In the medical treatment of children drugs are frequently used outside the boundaries of the approved licensing and use under the terms of off-label use is possible. However, this requires critical reasoning and experience with the drug involved. With help of a traffic light colored spreadsheet this article illustrates the limitations, problems and possibilities of pharmacotherapy in pediatric emergencies or pediatric anesthesia. Of the 45 emergency drugs listed in this article most can be used in childhood, at least under specific conditions. Licensing restrictions occur especially in the newborn period and infancy resulting in frequent off-label use. Severe pitfalls, such as the propofol infusion syndrome after long-term sedation with propofol under the age of 16 years, emphasize the need for serious reflection on the substances involved. Decisions regarding pharmaceutical therapy should be based on the current standard of medical knowledge. When official recommendations from pharmaceutical companies are missing, treatment decisions for off-label use can be based on guidelines, study and literature databases or recommendations in medical journals.

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Erker, C., Möllmann, M. Off label use von Notfallmedikamenten im Kindesalter. Anaesthesist 62, 130–136 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-012-2123-0

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