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Immunseneszenz und Impfungen im höheren Lebensalter. Ein Diskussionsbeitrag

Immunosenescence and Vaccinations in the Elderly

  • PRÄVENTION UND VERSORGUNGSFORSCHUNG
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Zusammenfassung

Mit steigendem Lebensalter nehmen die infektionsbedingte Morbidität und Mortalität zu, zugleich sinkt die Abwehrleistung des Immunsystems. Dieses als Immunseneszenz bezeichnete Phänomen betrifft alle Ebenen des Immunsystems und führt zu einer Schwächung sowohl der zellulären als auch der humoralen Abwehr. Dadurch kann die Fähigkeit beeinträchtigt werden, Infektionen abzuwehren und auf Impfungen eine ausreichende Immunantwort zu zeigen. Um Senioren effektiv vor Infektionen mit gefährlichen Erregern wie Influenzaviren und Pneumokokken zu schützen, werden sowohl neue Impfstrategien benötigt, zum Beispiel mit verkürzten Impfabständen, als auch neue Impfstoffe oder Impftechniken. Eine vielversprechende Möglichkeit stellen z.B. intradermale Vakzine dar. Zugleich sollte die Akzeptanz von Impfungen in der älteren Bevölkerung weiter gesteigert werden. Ärzte, vor allem Hausärzte, spielen dabei eine wichtige Rolle, weil sie die Bereitschaft von Patienten, sich impfen zu lassen, maßgeblich beeinflussen können.

Abstract

With increasing age, infection-induced morbidity and mortality rises. At the same time, the protective capacity of the immune system declines. This phenomenon is known as immunosenescence. It concerns all parts of the immune system and leads to a decline of cellular and humoral immune defense. As a consequence, the ability to resist infections and the immune response to vaccinations could be impaired. In order to protect senior citizens effectively against infections with dangerous pathogens like influenza viruses or pneumococci, new immunisation strategies, e.g. with shortened intervals between vaccinations, new vaccines or new vaccination techniques are required. Intradermal vaccines seem to be a promising approach, for instance. At the same time the acceptance of vaccination ought to be increased in the senior age group. Physicians, especially general practitioners play an important role because of their decisive effect on the willingness of the population to get vaccinated.

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Correspondence to Hans Joachim Hutt.

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Hutt, H.J., Bennerscheidt, P., Thiel, B. et al. Immunseneszenz und Impfungen im höheren Lebensalter. Ein Diskussionsbeitrag. Med Klin 105, 802–807 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-010-1137-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-010-1137-0

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