Skip to main content

Epidemiologie

  • Chapter

Auszug

Nur wenige diagnostische Begriffe sind potenziell in der Lage so viel Konfusion zu stiften wie das Wort Depression. Dies liegt weniger an den durchaus zuverlässigen und trennscharfen diagnostischen Kriterien fur depressive Erkrankungen, wie sie international seit den 90er Jahren in der klinischen, epidemiologischen und Public-Health Forschung verwendet werden (Wittchen et al., 2000), sondern daran, dass diese Definitionen und Kriterien noch keinen breiteren Eingang in die klinische Praxis und Öffentlichkeit gefunden haben. Begriffe wie „depressiv“ und „Depression“ sind somit kein verlässlicher Ausdruck für eine „behandlungsbedurftige psychische Störung“, sondern lediglich „Platzhalter“ fur viele Formen von negativen Befindlichkeiten, sei es im Zusammenhang mit sozialen Stressereignissen und Belastungssituationen, Konflikten oder akuten bzw. chronischen medizinischen Leiden. Hinzu kommt erschwerend, dass in den 80er und 90er Jahren die traditionellen Begrifflichkeiten wie „Neurotische, bzw. Endogene Depression“ aus inhaltlichen Gründen durch die neutralere deskriptive Terminologie „depressive Storung“ abgelöst wurde. Der damit verbundene konzeptuelle und prozedurale Wechsel ist aber bis heute in Deutschland bislang nur zögerlich vollzogen worden. Vor diesem Hintergrund begrifflicher Konfusion ist es fur das Verständnis der folgenden epidemiologischen Daten essenziell, zu erläutern, was die neueren nationalen und internationalen Studien unter Depression verstehen (vergleiche auch Kapitel 1, Einführung).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Abou-Saleh, M.T., Ghubash, R. & Daradkeh, T.K. (2001). Al Ain Community Psychiatric Survey. I. Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 36, 20–28.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.-revised). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, G., Henderson, S. & Hall, W. (2001). Prevalence, comorbidity, disability and service utilisation. Overview of the Australian National Mental Health Survey. British Journal of Psychiatry, 178, 145–153.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andrade, L., Walters, E.E. & Gentil, V. (2002). Prevalence of ICD-10 mental disorders in a catchment area in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 37, 316–325.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Angst, J., Dobler-Mikola, A., Binder, J. (1984). The Zurich Study. A prospective epidemiological study of depressive, neurotic and psychosomatic syndromes. I. Problem, methodology. European Archives of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 234, 13–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angst, J. (1996). Comorbidity of mood disorders: a longitudinal prospective study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 168(Suppl 30), 31–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Araya, R., Rojas, G. & Fritsch R. (2001). Common mental disorders in Santiago, Chile. Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates. British Journal of Psychiatry, 178, 480–480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayuso-Mateos, J.L., Vazquez-Barquero, J.L., Dowrick, C, Lehtinen, V., Dalgard, O.S., Casey, P., Wilkinson, C, Lasa, L., Page, H., Dunn, G., Wilkinson, G. (2001). Depressive disorders in Europe: Prevalence figures from the ODIN study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 308–316.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bebbington, P., Hurry, J., Tennant, C, Sturt, E. & Wing, J.K. (1981). Epidemiology of mental disorders in Camberwell. Psychological Medicine, 11, 561–579.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bijl, R.V., Ravelli, A. & van Zessen, G. (1998). Prevalence of psychiatric disorder in the general population: results of The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33, 587–595.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bland, R.C., Orn, H. & Newman, S.C. (1988a). Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 77(338), 24–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bland, R.C., Orn, H. & Newman, S.C. (1988b). Period prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 77(338), 33–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blazer, D. G., Kessler, R. C., McGonagle, K. A., & Swartz, M. S. (1994). The prevalence and distribution of major depression in a national community sample: The National Comorbidity Survey. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 979–986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bronisch, T. & Wittchen, H.-U. (1994). Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: Comorbidity with depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse disorder. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 244, 93–98.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burke, K.C., Burke, J.D., Rae, D.S. & Regier, D.A. (1991). Comparing age at onset of Major Depression and other psychiatric disorders by birth cohorts in 5 United States community populations. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48(9), 789–795.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cross-National Collaborative Group (1992). The Changing rate of depression: Cross-national comparisons from the Cross-National Collaborative Group. Journal of American Medical Association, 268, 3098–3105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Easterlin, R. A. (1980). Birth and Fortune: The Impact of Numbers on Personal Welfare. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Endicott, J. & Spitzer, R.L. (1978). A diagnostic interview: the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 837–844.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 Investigators. (2004a). Prevalence of mental disorders in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109(suppl. 1), 21–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 Investigators. (2004b). Disability and quality of life impact of mental disorders in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109(suppl.1), 38–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faravelli, C, Guerrini Degl’Innocenti, B., Aiazzi, L, Incerpi, G. & Pallanti S. (1990). Epide miology of mood disorders: A community survey in Florence. Journal of Affective Disorders. 20, 135–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faravelli, C., Bartolozzi, D., Cimminiello, L., Cecchi, C, Cosci, F., D’ Adamo, D., Di Matteo, C, DiPrimio, C, Fabbri, C, Lo Iacono, B., Paionni, A., Perone, A., Rosi, S., Scarpato, M.A., Serena, A. & Taberna, A. (2001). The Florence Psychiatric Interview. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 10, 157–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faravelli, C, Abrardi, L., Bartolozzi, D., Cecchi, C, Cosci, F., D’Adamo, D., Lo Iacono, B., Ravaldi, C, Scarpato, M.A., Truglia, E. & Rosi, S. (2004a). The Sesto Fiorentino Study: background, methods and preliminary results. Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in an Italian community sample using clinical interviewers. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 73, 216–225.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faravelli, C, Abrardi, L., Bartolozzi, D., Cecchi, C, Cosci, F., D’Adamo, D., Lo Iacono, B., Ravaldi, C, Scarpato, M.A., Truglia, E. & Rosi, S. (2004b). The Sesto Fiorentino Study: Point and one year prevalences of psychiatric disorders in an Italien community sample using clinical interviewers. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 73, 226–234.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, P.E., Kessler, R.C., Nells, T.L., Finkelstein, S.N. & Berndt, E.R. (1996). Depression in the workplace: An economic perspective. In: J.P. Feighner & W.F. Boyer (Eds.), Selective serotonin reuptakers: Advances in basic research and clinical practice (pp. 327–363). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasin, D. & Link, B. (1988). Age and recognition of depression — implications for a cohort effect in major depression. Psychological Medicine, 18,(3), 683–688.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagnell, O., Lanke, J., Rorsman, B. & Ojesjo, L. (1982). Are we entering an age of melancholy? Depressive illnesses in a prospective epidemiological study over 25 years: the Lundby Study, Sweden. Psychological Medicine, 12, 279–289.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hodiamont, P., Peer, N. & Syben, N. (1987). Epidemiological aspects of psychiatric disorder in a Dutch health area. Psychological Medicine, 17, 495–505.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holford, T.R. (1983). The estimation of age, period and cohort effects for vital rates. Biometrics, 39(2), 311–324.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobi, F., Klose, K. & Wittchen, H.-U. (2004a). Psychische Störungen in der deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung: Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen und Ausfalltage. Bundesgesundheitsblatt, 47, 736–744.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobi, F., Wittchen, H-U., Hölting, C, Höfler, M., Pfister, H., Müller, N. & Lieb, R. (2004b). Prevalence, comorbidity and correlates of mental disorders in the general population: results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (GHS). Psychological Medicine, 34, 597–611.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobi, F., Rosi, S., Faravelli, C, Goodwin, R. D., Arbabzadeh-Bouchez, S. & Lépine, J.-P. (2005). The epidemiology of mood disorders. In E. Griez, C. Faravelli & J. Zohar (Eds.), Mood Disorders, (pp.3–34). London: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, R., Lewis, G., Bebbington, P., Brugha, T., Farrell, M., Gill, B. & Meltzer, H. (1997). The National Psychiatric Morbidity surveys of Great Britain—initial findings from the household survey. Psychological Medicine, 27, 775–789.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler. R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Ehleman, S., Wittchen, H.-U. & Kendler, K.S. (1994a). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disordersin the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 8–19.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Swartz, M. & Blazer, D.G. (1994b). Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey. 2. Cohort effects. Journal of Affective Disorders, 30, 15–26.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C. & Frank, R. G. (1997). The impact of psychiatric disorders on work loss days. Psychological Medicine, 27, 861–873.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., Dernier, O, Jin, R., Koretz, D., Merikangas, K.R, Rush, A.J., Walters, E.E. & Wang, P.S. (2003). The epidemiology of major depressive disorder. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). JAMA, 289, 3095–3105.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R.C. & McRae, J.A. (1982). The effect of wives employment on the mental health of married men and women. American Sociological Review, 47(2), 216–227.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R.C. & McRae, J.A. (1981). Trends in the relationship between sex and psychological distress 1957–1976. American Sociological Review, 46(4), 443–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R.C., Chiu, W.T., Demler, O. & Walters, E.E. (2005a). Prevalence, severity, andcomorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 617–627.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., Borges, G., Nock, M. & Wang, P.S. (2005b). Trends in suicide ideation, plans, gestures, and attempts in the United States, 1990–1992 to 2001–2003. JAMA, 293(20), 2487–2495.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klerman, G.L. (1988). The current age of youthful melancholia — evidence for increase in depression among adolescents and young adults. British Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 4–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klerman, G.L., Lavori, P.W., Rice, J., Reich, T., Endicott, J., Andreasen, N.C., Keller, M.B. & Hirschfeld, R.M.A. (1985). Birth cohort trends in rates of major depression disorder among relatives of patients with affective disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42(7), 689–693.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klerman, G.L. & Weissman, M.M. (1989). Increasing rates of depression. JAMA, 261, 2229–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kringlen, E., Torgersen, S. & Cramer, V. (2001). A Norwegian psychiatric epidemiological study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1091–1098.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lavori, P.W., Warshaw, M., Klerman, G. et al. (1993). Secular trends in lifetime onset of MDD stratified by selected sociodemographic risk factors. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 27(1), 95–109.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehtinen, V., Lindholm, T., Veijola, J. et al. (1990). The prevalence of PSE Catego disorders in a Finnish adult population cohort. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 25(4), 187–192.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewinsohn, P.M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J.R., et al. (1993). Age cohort changes in the lifetime occurrence of depression and other mental disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(1), 110–120.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, G., Pelosi, A.J., Araya, R. & Dunn, G. (1992). Measuring psychiatric disorder in the community: a standardized assessment for use by lay interviewers. Psychological Medicine, 22, 465–486.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mavreas, V.G., Beis, A., Mouyias, A., Rigoni, F. & Lyketsos, G.C. (1986). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Athens. A community study. Social Psychiatry, 21, 172–181.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oakley-browne, M.A., Joyce, P.R., Wells, J.E., et al. (1989). Christschurch psychiatric epidemiology study. 2. 6 month and other period prevalences of specific psychiatric disorders. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 23(3), 327–340.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Offord, D.R., Boyle, M.H., Campbell, D., Goering, P., Lin, E. & Wong, M. (1996). One-year prevalence of psychiatric disorder in Ontarians 15–64 years of age. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 41, 559–563.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parikh SV, Wasylenki D, Goering P, Wong J. (1996). Mood disorders: rural/urban differences in prevalence, health care utilization, and disability in Ontario. J Affect Disord. 1996; 38(1), 57–65

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Regier, D.A., Boyd, J.H., Burke, J.D. et al. (1988). One-month prevalence of mental disorders in the United States — based on 5 epidemiologic catchment-area sites. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45(11), 977–986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robins, L.N., Helzer, J.E., Croughan, J. & Ratcliff, K.S. (1981). National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule: its history, characteristics and validity. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 381–389.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robins, L.N., Wing, J., Wittchen, H.-U., Helzer, J. E., Babor, T. F., Burke, J., Farmer, A., Jablenski, A., Pickens, R., Regier, D. A., Sartorius, N., & Towle, L. H. (1988). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview: An epidemiological instrument suitable for use in conjunction with different diagnostic systems and in different cultures. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 1069–1077.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robins, L.N., Locke, B.Z. & Regier, D.A. (1991). An overview of psychiatric disorders in America. In L.N. Robins & D.A. Regier (Eds.), Psychiatric disorders in America: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study (pp. 328–366). New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roca, M., Gili, M., Ferrer, V., Bernardo, M., Montano, J.J., Salva, J.J., Flores, I. & Leal, S. (1999). Mental disorders on the island of Formentera: prevalence in general population using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34, 410–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spijker J., de Graaf, R., Bijl, R.V., Beekman, A.T.F., Ormel, J. & Nolen, W.A. (2004). Functional disability and depression in the general population. Results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 110, 208–214.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szadoczky, E., Papp, Z., Vitrai, J., Rihmer, Z. & Furedi, J. (1998). The prevalence of major depressive and bipolar disorders in Hungary. Results from a national epidemiologic survey. Journal of Affective Disorders, 50, 153–162.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vazquez-Barquero, J.L. & Diez-Manrique (1987). A Community mental health survey in Cantabria: a general description of morbidity. Psychological Medicine, 17, 227–242.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, P.S., Berglund, P. & Kessler, R.C. (2000). Recent care of common mental disorders in the United States: Prevalence and conformance with evidence-based recommendations. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 15, 284–292.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, P.S., Simon, G. & Kessler, R.C. (2003). The economic burden of depression and the cost-effectiveness of treatment. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12, 22–33

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wells, K.B., Stewart, A. & Hays, R.D. (1989). The functioning and well-being of depressed patients: results from the Medical Outcomes Study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 262, 916–919.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weissman, M.M. & Myers, J.(1978). Affective disorders in a V.S. urban community: the use of research diagnostic criteria in an epidemiological survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 1304–1311.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weissman, M.M., Bruce, L.M., Leaf, P.J., Florio, L.P. & Holzer III, C. (1991). Affective disorders. In L.N. Robins & D.A. Regier (Eds.), Psychiatric Disorders in America: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study (pp. 53–80). New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weissman, M.M., Bland, R.C, Joyce, P.R., Newman, S.C., Wells, J.E. & Wittchen, H.-U. (1993). Sex differences in rates of depression: Cross-national perspectives. Journal of Affective Disorders, 29, 77–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weissman, M.M., Bland, R.C, Canino, G.J., Faravelli, C, Greenwald, S., Hwu, H.G., Joyce, P.R., Karam, E.G., Lee, C.K., Lellouch, J., Lepine, J.P., Newman, S.C., Rubio-Stipec, M., Wells, J.E., Wickramaratne, P.J., Wittchen, H.-U. & Yeh, E.K. (1996). Cross-national epidemiology of major depression and bipolar disorder. JAMA, 276, 293–299.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wing, J.K., Cooper, J.E. & Sartorius, N. (1974). The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms: an Instruction Manual for the Present State Examination and CATEGO Programme. London: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing, J.K., Barbor, T., Brugha, T., Cooper, J.E., Giel, R., Jablenski, A., Regier, D., Sartorius, N. (1990). SCAN: Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, 589–593.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen, H.-U. (2001a). Diagnosis and classification of mental and behavioral disorders. In N. J. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (pp. 9628–9639). Oxford: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen, H.-U. (2001b). Epidemiology of mental illness. In N. J. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (pp. 9654–9661). Oxford: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen, H.-U., & Jacobi, F. (2001). Die Versorgungssituation psychischer Störungen in Deutschland. Eine klinisch-epidemiologische Abschätzung anhand des Bundes-Gesundheitssurveys 1998. Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz, 44(10), 993–1000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen, H.-U., & Pittrow, D. (2002). Prevalence, recognition and management of depression in primary care in Germany: the Depression 2000 study. Human Psychopharmacology-Clinical and Experimental, 17(Suppl. 1), 1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen, H.O., Essau, C.A., von Zerssen, D., Krieg, J.C. & Zaudig, M. (1992). Lifetime and six-month prevalence of mental disorders in the Munich Follow-up Study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 241, 247–258.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen, H.-U., Müller, N., Pfister, H., Winter, S., & Schmidtkunz, B. (1999). Affektive, somatoforme und Angststörungen in Deutschland-Erste Ergebnisse des bundesweiten Zusatzsurveys “Psychische Störungen”. Das Gesundheitswesen, 61 (Sonderheft 2), 216–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen, H.-U., Nelson, C. B. & Lachner, G. (1998). Prevalence of mental disorders and psychosocial impairments in adolescents and young adults. Psychological Medicine, 28(1), 109–126.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen, H.-U., Müller, N., Pfister, H., Winter, S. & Schmidtkunz, B. (1999). Affektive, somatoforme und Angststörungen in Deutschland — Erste Ergebnisse des bundesweiten Zusatzsurveys „Psychische Störungen“. Das Gesundheitswesen, 61, 216–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen, H.-U., Müller, N., Schmidtkunz, B., Winter, S., & Pfister, H. (2000). Erscheinungsformen, Häufigkeit und Versorgung von Depressionen. Ergebnisse des bundesweiten Gesundheitssurveys “Psychische Störungen”. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 118 (Sonderheft 1), 4–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen, H.-U., Holsboer, F. & Jacobi, F. (2001). Met and unmet needs in the management of depressive disorder in the community and primary care: The size and the breadth of the problem. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62(suppl. 26), 23–28.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wunderlich, U., Bronisch, T. & Wittchen, H.-U. (1998). Comorbidity patterns in adolescents and young adults with suicide attempts. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 248(2), 87–95.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (1993). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Geneva: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wittchen, HU., Jacobi, F. (2006). Epidemiologie. In: Stoppe, G., Bramesfeld, A., Schwartz, FW. (eds) Volkskrankheit Depression?. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32221-3_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32221-3_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-31749-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32221-4

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics