Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Notfall +  Rettungsmedizin 7/2010

01.11.2010 | ERC-Leitlinien

Initiales Management des akuten Koronarsyndroms

Sektion 5 der Leitlinien zur Reanimation 2010 des European Resuscitation Council

verfasst von: H.-R. Arntz, L.L. Bossaert, N. Danchin, N. Nicolau

Erschienen in: Notfall + Rettungsmedizin | Ausgabe 7/2010

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Auszug

Die wichtigsten Änderungen in den Leitlinien 2010 zum Management des akuten Koronarsyndroms („acute coronary syndrome“, ACS) umfassen die im Folgenden aufgeführten Punkte. …
Fußnoten
1
Zum Zeitpunkt der Erstellung dieser Leitlinie war Ticagrelor nicht zugelassen.
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Tunstall-Pedoe H, Vanuzzo D, Hobbs M et al (2000) Estimation of contribution of changes in coronary care to improving survival, event rates, and coronary heart disease mortality across the WHO MONICA Project populations. Lancet 355:688–700PubMed Tunstall-Pedoe H, Vanuzzo D, Hobbs M et al (2000) Estimation of contribution of changes in coronary care to improving survival, event rates, and coronary heart disease mortality across the WHO MONICA Project populations. Lancet 355:688–700PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Fox KA, Cokkinos DV, Deckers J et al (2000) The ENACT study: a pan-European survey of acute coronary syndromes. European Network for Acute Coronary Treatment. Eur Heart J 21:1440–1409PubMed Fox KA, Cokkinos DV, Deckers J et al (2000) The ENACT study: a pan-European survey of acute coronary syndromes. European Network for Acute Coronary Treatment. Eur Heart J 21:1440–1409PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Goodman SG, Huang W, Yan AT et al (2009) The expanded Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events: baseline characteristics, management practices, and hospital outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Am Heart J 158:193–201 e1–e5PubMed Goodman SG, Huang W, Yan AT et al (2009) The expanded Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events: baseline characteristics, management practices, and hospital outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Am Heart J 158:193–201 e1–e5PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Lowel H, Meisinger C, Heier M et al (2002) Sex specific trends of sudden cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction: results of the population-based KORA/MONICA-Augsburg register 1985 to 1998. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 127:2311–2316PubMed Lowel H, Meisinger C, Heier M et al (2002) Sex specific trends of sudden cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction: results of the population-based KORA/MONICA-Augsburg register 1985 to 1998. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 127:2311–2316PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Thygesen K, Alpert JS, White HD (2007) Universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 28:2525–2538PubMed Thygesen K, Alpert JS, White HD (2007) Universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 28:2525–2538PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Werf F de, Bax J, Betriu A et al (2008) Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with persistent ST-segment elevation: the Task Force on the Management of ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 29:2909–2945 Van Werf F de, Bax J, Betriu A et al (2008) Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with persistent ST-segment elevation: the Task Force on the Management of ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 29:2909–2945
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW et al (2004) ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction–executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circulation 110:588–636PubMed Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW et al (2004) ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction–executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circulation 110:588–636PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Khraim FM, Carey MG (2009) Predictors of pre-hospital delay among patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patient Educ Couns 75:155–161PubMed Khraim FM, Carey MG (2009) Predictors of pre-hospital delay among patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patient Educ Couns 75:155–161PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Douglas PS, Ginsburg GS (1996) The evaluation of chest pain in women. N Engl J Med 334:1311–1315PubMed Douglas PS, Ginsburg GS (1996) The evaluation of chest pain in women. N Engl J Med 334:1311–1315PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Solomon CG, Lee TH, Cook EF et al (1989) Comparison of clinical presentation of acute myocardial infarction in patients older than 65 years of age to younger patients: the Multicenter Chest Pain Study experience. Am J Cardiol 63:772–776PubMed Solomon CG, Lee TH, Cook EF et al (1989) Comparison of clinical presentation of acute myocardial infarction in patients older than 65 years of age to younger patients: the Multicenter Chest Pain Study experience. Am J Cardiol 63:772–776PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Henrikson CA, Howell EE, Bush DE et al (2003) Chest pain relief by nitroglycerin does not predict active coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med 139:979–986PubMed Henrikson CA, Howell EE, Bush DE et al (2003) Chest pain relief by nitroglycerin does not predict active coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med 139:979–986PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Ioannidis JP, Salem D, Chew PW, Lau J (2001) Accuracy and clinical effect of out-of-hospital electrocardiography in the diagnosis of acute cardiac ischemia: a meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med 37:461–470PubMed Ioannidis JP, Salem D, Chew PW, Lau J (2001) Accuracy and clinical effect of out-of-hospital electrocardiography in the diagnosis of acute cardiac ischemia: a meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med 37:461–470PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Terkelsen CJ, Lassen JF, Norgaard BL et al (2005) Reduction of treatment delay in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: impact of pre-hospital diagnosis and direct referral to primary percutanous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J 26:770–777PubMed Terkelsen CJ, Lassen JF, Norgaard BL et al (2005) Reduction of treatment delay in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: impact of pre-hospital diagnosis and direct referral to primary percutanous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J 26:770–777PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Brainard AH, Raynovich W, Tandberg D, Bedrick EJ (2005) The prehospital 12-lead electrocardiogram’s effect on time to initiation of reperfusion therapy: a systematic review and metaanalysis of existing literature. Am J Emerg Med 23:351–356PubMed Brainard AH, Raynovich W, Tandberg D, Bedrick EJ (2005) The prehospital 12-lead electrocardiogram’s effect on time to initiation of reperfusion therapy: a systematic review and metaanalysis of existing literature. Am J Emerg Med 23:351–356PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Swor R, Hegerberg S, McHugh-McNally A et al (2006) Prehospital 12-lead ECG: efficacy or effectiveness? Prehosp Emerg Care 10:374–377PubMed Swor R, Hegerberg S, McHugh-McNally A et al (2006) Prehospital 12-lead ECG: efficacy or effectiveness? Prehosp Emerg Care 10:374–377PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Masoudi FA, Magid DJ, Vinson DR et al (2006) Implications of the failure to identify high-risk electrocardiogram findings for the quality of care of patients with acute myocardial infarction: results of the Emergency Department Quality in Myocardial Infarction (EDQMI) study. Circulation 114:1565–1571PubMed Masoudi FA, Magid DJ, Vinson DR et al (2006) Implications of the failure to identify high-risk electrocardiogram findings for the quality of care of patients with acute myocardial infarction: results of the Emergency Department Quality in Myocardial Infarction (EDQMI) study. Circulation 114:1565–1571PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Feldman JA, Brinsfield K, Bernard S et al (2005) Real-time paramedic compared with blinded physician identification of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: results of an observational study. Am J Emerg Med 23:443–448PubMed Feldman JA, Brinsfield K, Bernard S et al (2005) Real-time paramedic compared with blinded physician identification of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: results of an observational study. Am J Emerg Med 23:443–448PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Kudenchuk PJ, Ho MT, Weaver WD et al (1991) Accuracy of computer-interpreted electrocardiography in selecting patients for thrombolytic therapy. MITI Project Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 17:1486–1491PubMed Kudenchuk PJ, Ho MT, Weaver WD et al (1991) Accuracy of computer-interpreted electrocardiography in selecting patients for thrombolytic therapy. MITI Project Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 17:1486–1491PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Dhruva VN, Abdelhadi SI, Anis A et al (2007) ST-Segment Analysis Using Wireless Technology in Acute Myocardial Infarction (STAT-MI) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 50:509–513PubMed Dhruva VN, Abdelhadi SI, Anis A et al (2007) ST-Segment Analysis Using Wireless Technology in Acute Myocardial Infarction (STAT-MI) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 50:509–513PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Antman EM, Tanasijevic MJ, Thompson B et al (1996) Cardiac-specific troponin I levels to predict the risk of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 335:1342–1349PubMed Antman EM, Tanasijevic MJ, Thompson B et al (1996) Cardiac-specific troponin I levels to predict the risk of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 335:1342–1349PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Collinson PO, Gaze DC, Morris F et al (2006) Comparison of biomarker strategies for rapid rule out of myocardial infarction in the emergency department using ACC/ESC diagnostic criteria. Ann Clin Biochem 43:273–280PubMed Collinson PO, Gaze DC, Morris F et al (2006) Comparison of biomarker strategies for rapid rule out of myocardial infarction in the emergency department using ACC/ESC diagnostic criteria. Ann Clin Biochem 43:273–280PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Schuchert A, Hamm C, Scholz J et al (1999) Prehospital testing for troponin T in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 138:45–48PubMed Schuchert A, Hamm C, Scholz J et al (1999) Prehospital testing for troponin T in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 138:45–48PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Keller T, Zeller T, Peetz D et al (2009) Sensitive troponin I assay in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 361:868–877PubMed Keller T, Zeller T, Peetz D et al (2009) Sensitive troponin I assay in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 361:868–877PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Renaud B, Maison P, Ngako A et al (2008) Impact of point-of-care testing in the emergency department evaluation and treatment of patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes. Acad Emerg Med 15:216–224PubMed Renaud B, Maison P, Ngako A et al (2008) Impact of point-of-care testing in the emergency department evaluation and treatment of patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes. Acad Emerg Med 15:216–224PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Mitchell AM, Garvey JL, Kline JA (2006) Multimarker panel to rule out acute coronary syndromes in low-risk patients. Acad Emerg Med 13:803–806PubMed Mitchell AM, Garvey JL, Kline JA (2006) Multimarker panel to rule out acute coronary syndromes in low-risk patients. Acad Emerg Med 13:803–806PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Hess EP, Thiruganasambandamoorthy V, Wells GA et al (2008) Diagnostic accuracy of clinical prediction rules to exclude acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department setting: a systematic review. CJEM 10:373–382PubMed Hess EP, Thiruganasambandamoorthy V, Wells GA et al (2008) Diagnostic accuracy of clinical prediction rules to exclude acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department setting: a systematic review. CJEM 10:373–382PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Farkouh ME, Smars PA, Reeder GS et al (1998) A clinical trial of a chest-pain observation unit for patients with unstable angina. Chest Pain Evaluation in the Emergency Room (CHEER) Investigators. N Engl J Med 339:1882–1888PubMed Farkouh ME, Smars PA, Reeder GS et al (1998) A clinical trial of a chest-pain observation unit for patients with unstable angina. Chest Pain Evaluation in the Emergency Room (CHEER) Investigators. N Engl J Med 339:1882–1888PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramakrishna G, Milavetz JJ, Zinsmeister AR et al (2005) Effect of exercise treadmill testing and stress imaging on the triage of patients with chest pain: CHEER substudy. Mayo Clin Proc 80:322–329PubMed Ramakrishna G, Milavetz JJ, Zinsmeister AR et al (2005) Effect of exercise treadmill testing and stress imaging on the triage of patients with chest pain: CHEER substudy. Mayo Clin Proc 80:322–329PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein JA, Gallagher MJ, O’Neill WW e al (2007) A randomized controlled trial of multi-slice coronary computed tomography for evaluation of acute chest pain. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:863–871PubMed Goldstein JA, Gallagher MJ, O’Neill WW e al (2007) A randomized controlled trial of multi-slice coronary computed tomography for evaluation of acute chest pain. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:863–871PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Forberg JL, Hilmersson CE, Carlsson M et al (2009) Negative predictive value and potential cost savings of acute nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging in low risk patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome: a prospective single blinded study. BMC Emerg Med 9:12PubMed Forberg JL, Hilmersson CE, Carlsson M et al (2009) Negative predictive value and potential cost savings of acute nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging in low risk patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome: a prospective single blinded study. BMC Emerg Med 9:12PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Nucifora G, Badano LP, Sarraf-Zadegan N et al (2007) Comparison of early dobutamine stress echocardiography and exercise electrocardiographic testing for management of patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain. Am J Cardiol 100:1068–1073PubMed Nucifora G, Badano LP, Sarraf-Zadegan N et al (2007) Comparison of early dobutamine stress echocardiography and exercise electrocardiographic testing for management of patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain. Am J Cardiol 100:1068–1073PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Kearney PM, Baigent C, Godwin J et al (2006) Do selective cyclooxygenase- 2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? Meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 332:1302–1308PubMed Kearney PM, Baigent C, Godwin J et al (2006) Do selective cyclooxygenase- 2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? Meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 332:1302–1308PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Rawles JM, Kenmure AC (1976) Controlled trial of oxygen in uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Br Med Bull 1:1121–1123 Rawles JM, Kenmure AC (1976) Controlled trial of oxygen in uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Br Med Bull 1:1121–1123
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Wijesinghe M, Perrin K, Ranchord A et al (2009) Routine use of oxygen in the treatment of myocardial infarction: systematic review. Heart 95:198–202PubMed Wijesinghe M, Perrin K, Ranchord A et al (2009) Routine use of oxygen in the treatment of myocardial infarction: systematic review. Heart 95:198–202PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Cabello JB, Burls A, Emparanza JI et al (2010) Oxygen therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6:CD007160PubMed Cabello JB, Burls A, Emparanza JI et al (2010) Oxygen therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6:CD007160PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Driscoll BR, Howard LS, Davison AG (2008) BTS guideline for emergency oxygen use in adult patients. Thorax 63(Suppl 6):vi1–vi68 O’Driscoll BR, Howard LS, Davison AG (2008) BTS guideline for emergency oxygen use in adult patients. Thorax 63(Suppl 6):vi1–vi68
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Freimark D, Matetzky S, Leor J et al (2002) Timing of aspirin administration as a determinant of survival of patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis. Am J Cardiol 89:381–385PubMed Freimark D, Matetzky S, Leor J et al (2002) Timing of aspirin administration as a determinant of survival of patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis. Am J Cardiol 89:381–385PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Barbash IM, Freimark D, Gottlieb S et al (2002) Outcome of myocardial infarction in patients treated with aspirin is enhanced by pre-hospital administration. Cardiology 98:141–147PubMed Barbash IM, Freimark D, Gottlieb S et al (2002) Outcome of myocardial infarction in patients treated with aspirin is enhanced by pre-hospital administration. Cardiology 98:141–147PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH et al (2007) Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 357:2001–2015PubMed Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH et al (2007) Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 357:2001–2015PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A et al (2009) Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 361:1045–1057PubMed Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A et al (2009) Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 361:1045–1057PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR et al (2001) Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 345:494–502PubMed Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR et al (2001) Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 345:494–502PubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ et al (2001) Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCICURE study. Lancet 358:527–533PubMed Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ et al (2001) Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCICURE study. Lancet 358:527–533PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Mann JT 3rd et al (2002) Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288:2411–2420PubMed Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Mann JT 3rd et al (2002) Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288:2411–2420PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen ZM, Jiang LX, Chen YP et al (2005) Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 366:1607–1621PubMed Chen ZM, Jiang LX, Chen YP et al (2005) Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 366:1607–1621PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Verheugt FW, Montalescot G, Sabatine MS et al (2007) Prehospital fibrinolysis with dual antiplatelet therapy in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction: a substudy of the randomized double blind CLARITY-TIMI 28 trial. J Thromb Thrombolysis 23:173–179PubMed Verheugt FW, Montalescot G, Sabatine MS et al (2007) Prehospital fibrinolysis with dual antiplatelet therapy in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction: a substudy of the randomized double blind CLARITY-TIMI 28 trial. J Thromb Thrombolysis 23:173–179PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Bosch X, Marrugat J (2001) Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockers for percutaneous coronary revascularization, and unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD002130 Bosch X, Marrugat J (2001) Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockers for percutaneous coronary revascularization, and unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD002130
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Boersma E, Harrington RA, Moliterno DJ et al (2002) Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis of all major randomised clinical trials.[erratum appears in Lancet 2002 Jun 15;359(9323):2120]. Lancet 359:189–198PubMed Boersma E, Harrington RA, Moliterno DJ et al (2002) Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis of all major randomised clinical trials.[erratum appears in Lancet 2002 Jun 15;359(9323):2120]. Lancet 359:189–198PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Keeley EC, Boura JA, Grines CL (2006) Comparison of primary and facilitated percutaneous coronary interventions for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: quantitative review of randomised trials. Lancet 367:579–588PubMed Keeley EC, Boura JA, Grines CL (2006) Comparison of primary and facilitated percutaneous coronary interventions for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: quantitative review of randomised trials. Lancet 367:579–588PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Stone GW, Grines CL, Cox DA et al (2002) Comparison of angioplasty with stenting, with or without abciximab, in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 346:957–966PubMed Stone GW, Grines CL, Cox DA et al (2002) Comparison of angioplasty with stenting, with or without abciximab, in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 346:957–966PubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat ’t Hof AW van, Ernst N, Boer MJ de et al (2004) Facilitation of primary coronary angioplasty by early start of a glycoprotein 2b/3a inhibitor: results of the ongoing tirofiban in myocardial infarction evaluation (On-TIME) trial. Eur Heart J 25:837–846 ’t Hof AW van, Ernst N, Boer MJ de et al (2004) Facilitation of primary coronary angioplasty by early start of a glycoprotein 2b/3a inhibitor: results of the ongoing tirofiban in myocardial infarction evaluation (On-TIME) trial. Eur Heart J 25:837–846
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Pannu R, Andraws R (2008) Effects of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention after pretreatment with clopidogrel: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Crit Pathw Cardiol 7:5–10PubMed Pannu R, Andraws R (2008) Effects of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention after pretreatment with clopidogrel: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Crit Pathw Cardiol 7:5–10PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat De Luca G, Gibson M, Bellandi F et al (2008) Early Glycoprotein IIb–IIIa inhibitors in Primary angioplasty (EGYPT) cooperation. An individual patients‘ data meta-analysis. Heart De Luca G, Gibson M, Bellandi F et al (2008) Early Glycoprotein IIb–IIIa inhibitors in Primary angioplasty (EGYPT) cooperation. An individual patients‘ data meta-analysis. Heart
53.
Zurück zum Zitat TIMI-11B Investigators, Antman EM, McCabe CH et al (1999) Enoxaparin prevents death and cardiac ischemic events in unstable angina/non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 11B trial. Circulation 100:1593–1601 TIMI-11B Investigators, Antman EM, McCabe CH et al (1999) Enoxaparin prevents death and cardiac ischemic events in unstable angina/non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 11B trial. Circulation 100:1593–1601
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen M, Demers C, Gurfinkel EP et al (1997) A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease. Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Non-Q-Wave Coronary Events Study Group. N Engl J Med 337:447–452PubMed Cohen M, Demers C, Gurfinkel EP et al (1997) A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease. Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Non-Q-Wave Coronary Events Study Group. N Engl J Med 337:447–452PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Moscucci M, Fox KA, Cannon CP et al (2003) Predictors of major bleeding in acute coronary syndromes: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Eur Heart J 24:1815–1823PubMed Moscucci M, Fox KA, Cannon CP et al (2003) Predictors of major bleeding in acute coronary syndromes: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Eur Heart J 24:1815–1823PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Yusuf S, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S et al (2006) Comparison of fondaparinux and enoxaparin in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 354:1464–1476PubMed Yusuf S, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S et al (2006) Comparison of fondaparinux and enoxaparin in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 354:1464–1476PubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Mehta SR, Boden WE, Eikelboom JW et al (2008) Antithrombotic therapy with fondaparinux in relation to interventional management strategy in patients with ST- and non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: an individual patient-level combined analysis of the Fifth and Sixth Organization to Assess Strategies in Ischemic Syndromes (OASIS 5 and 6) randomized trials. Circulation 118:2038–2046PubMed Mehta SR, Boden WE, Eikelboom JW et al (2008) Antithrombotic therapy with fondaparinux in relation to interventional management strategy in patients with ST- and non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: an individual patient-level combined analysis of the Fifth and Sixth Organization to Assess Strategies in Ischemic Syndromes (OASIS 5 and 6) randomized trials. Circulation 118:2038–2046PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Lincoff AM, Bittl JA, Harrington RA et al (2003) Bivalirudin and provisional glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade compared with heparin and planned glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade during percutaneous coronary intervention: REPLACE-2 randomized trial. JAMA 289:853–863PubMed Lincoff AM, Bittl JA, Harrington RA et al (2003) Bivalirudin and provisional glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade compared with heparin and planned glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade during percutaneous coronary intervention: REPLACE-2 randomized trial. JAMA 289:853–863PubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Stone GW, McLaurin BT, Cox DA et al (2006) Bivalirudin for patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 355:2203–2216PubMed Stone GW, McLaurin BT, Cox DA et al (2006) Bivalirudin for patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 355:2203–2216PubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferguson JJ, Califf RM, Antman EM et al (2004) Enoxaparin vs unfractionated heparin in high-risk patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes managed with an intended early invasive strategy: primary results of the SYNERGY randomized trial. JAMA 292:45–54PubMed Ferguson JJ, Califf RM, Antman EM et al (2004) Enoxaparin vs unfractionated heparin in high-risk patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes managed with an intended early invasive strategy: primary results of the SYNERGY randomized trial. JAMA 292:45–54PubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat (o A) (2001) Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with enoxaparin, abciximab, or unfractionated heparin: the ASSENT-3 randomised trial in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 358:605–613 (o A) (2001) Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with enoxaparin, abciximab, or unfractionated heparin: the ASSENT-3 randomised trial in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 358:605–613
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Eikelboom JW, Quinlan DJ, Mehta SR et al (2005) Unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin as adjuncts to thrombolysis in aspirin-treated patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of the randomized trials. Circulation 112:3855–3867PubMed Eikelboom JW, Quinlan DJ, Mehta SR et al (2005) Unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin as adjuncts to thrombolysis in aspirin-treated patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of the randomized trials. Circulation 112:3855–3867PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Wallentin L, Goldstein P, Armstrong PW et al (2003) Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin in the prehospital setting: the Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Thrombolytic Regimen (ASSENT)-3 PLUS randomized trial in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 108:135–142PubMed Wallentin L, Goldstein P, Armstrong PW et al (2003) Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin in the prehospital setting: the Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Thrombolytic Regimen (ASSENT)-3 PLUS randomized trial in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 108:135–142PubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Antman EM, Morrow DA, McCabe CH et al (2006) Enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin with fibrinolysis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 354:1477–1488PubMed Antman EM, Morrow DA, McCabe CH et al (2006) Enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin with fibrinolysis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 354:1477–1488PubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Zeymer U, Gitt A, Junger C et al (2008) Efficacy and safety of enoxaparin in unselected patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost 99:150–154PubMed Zeymer U, Gitt A, Junger C et al (2008) Efficacy and safety of enoxaparin in unselected patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost 99:150–154PubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Zeymer U, Gitt A, Zahn R et al (2009) Efficacy and safety of enoxaparin in combination with and without GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in unselected patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. EuroIntervention 4:524–528PubMed Zeymer U, Gitt A, Zahn R et al (2009) Efficacy and safety of enoxaparin in combination with and without GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in unselected patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. EuroIntervention 4:524–528PubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat White HD, Aylward PE, Frey MJ et al (1997) Randomized, double-blind comparison of hirulog versus heparin in patients receiving streptokinase and aspirin for acute myocardial infarction (HERO). Hirulog Early Reperfusion/Occlusion (HERO) Trial Investigators. Circulation 96:2155–2161PubMed White HD, Aylward PE, Frey MJ et al (1997) Randomized, double-blind comparison of hirulog versus heparin in patients receiving streptokinase and aspirin for acute myocardial infarction (HERO). Hirulog Early Reperfusion/Occlusion (HERO) Trial Investigators. Circulation 96:2155–2161PubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Stone GW, Witzenbichler B, Guagliumi G et al (2008) Bivalirudin during primary PCI in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 358:2218–2230PubMed Stone GW, Witzenbichler B, Guagliumi G et al (2008) Bivalirudin during primary PCI in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 358:2218–2230PubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Madsen JK, Chevalier B, Darius H et al (2008) Ischaemic events and bleeding in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with concomitant bivalirudin treatment. EuroIntervention 3:610–616PubMed Madsen JK, Chevalier B, Darius H et al (2008) Ischaemic events and bleeding in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with concomitant bivalirudin treatment. EuroIntervention 3:610–616PubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Bassand JP, Hamm CW, Ardissino D et al (2007) Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 28:1598–1660PubMed Bassand JP, Hamm CW, Ardissino D et al (2007) Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 28:1598–1660PubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM et al (2007) ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Unstable Angina/Non ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction): developed in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons: endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. Circulation 116:e148–e304PubMed Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM et al (2007) ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Unstable Angina/Non ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction): developed in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons: endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. Circulation 116:e148–e304PubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Kushner FG, Hand M, Smith SC Jr et al (2010) 2009 Focused Updates: ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (updating the 2004 Guideline and 2007 Focused Update) and ACC/AHA/SCAI Guidelines on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (updating the 2005 Guideline and 2007 Focused Update): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 120:2271–2306. Erratum in: Circulation. 121(12):e257. Dosage error in article text Kushner FG, Hand M, Smith SC Jr et al (2010) 2009 Focused Updates: ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (updating the 2004 Guideline and 2007 Focused Update) and ACC/AHA/SCAI Guidelines on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (updating the 2005 Guideline and 2007 Focused Update): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 120:2271–2306. Erratum in: Circulation. 121(12):e257. Dosage error in article text
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Boersma E, Maas AC, Deckers JW, Simoons ML (1996) Early thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction: reappraisal of the golden hour. Lancet 348:771–775PubMed Boersma E, Maas AC, Deckers JW, Simoons ML (1996) Early thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction: reappraisal of the golden hour. Lancet 348:771–775PubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Morrison LJ, Verbeek PR, McDonald AC et al (2000) Mortality and prehospital thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis. JAMA 283:2686–2692PubMed Morrison LJ, Verbeek PR, McDonald AC et al (2000) Mortality and prehospital thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis. JAMA 283:2686–2692PubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat (o A) (1993) Prehospital thrombolytic therapy in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. The European Myocardial Infarction Project Group. N Engl J Med 329:383–389 (o A) (1993) Prehospital thrombolytic therapy in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. The European Myocardial Infarction Project Group. N Engl J Med 329:383–389
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Weaver WD, Cerqueira M, Hallstrom AP et al (1993) Prehospital-initiated vs hospital-initiated thrombolytic therapy. The Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Trial. JAMA 270:1211–1216PubMed Weaver WD, Cerqueira M, Hallstrom AP et al (1993) Prehospital-initiated vs hospital-initiated thrombolytic therapy. The Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Trial. JAMA 270:1211–1216PubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat (o A) (1992) Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of domiciliary thrombolysis by general practitioners: Grampian region early anistreplase trial. GREAT Group. BMJ 305:548–553 (o A) (1992) Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of domiciliary thrombolysis by general practitioners: Grampian region early anistreplase trial. GREAT Group. BMJ 305:548–553
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Welsh RC, Travers A, Senaratne M et al (2006) Feasibility and applicability of paramedic-based prehospital fibrinolysis in a large North American center. Am Heart J 152:1007–1014PubMed Welsh RC, Travers A, Senaratne M et al (2006) Feasibility and applicability of paramedic-based prehospital fibrinolysis in a large North American center. Am Heart J 152:1007–1014PubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Pedley DK, Bissett K, Connolly EM et al (2003) Prospective observational cohort study of time saved by prehospital thrombolysis for ST elevation myocardial infarction delivered by paramedics. BMJ 327:22–26PubMed Pedley DK, Bissett K, Connolly EM et al (2003) Prospective observational cohort study of time saved by prehospital thrombolysis for ST elevation myocardial infarction delivered by paramedics. BMJ 327:22–26PubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Grijseels EW, Bouten MJ, Lenderink T et al (1995) Pre-hospital thrombolytic therapy with either alteplase or streptokinase. Practical applications, complications and long-term results in 529 patients. Eur Heart J 16:1833–1888PubMed Grijseels EW, Bouten MJ, Lenderink T et al (1995) Pre-hospital thrombolytic therapy with either alteplase or streptokinase. Practical applications, complications and long-term results in 529 patients. Eur Heart J 16:1833–1888PubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Keeley EC, Boura JA, Grines CL (2003) Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review of 23 randomised trials. Lancet 361:13–20PubMed Keeley EC, Boura JA, Grines CL (2003) Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review of 23 randomised trials. Lancet 361:13–20PubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Dalby M, Bouzamondo A, Lechat P, Montalescot G (2003) Transfer for primary angioplasty versus immediate thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Circulation 108:1809–1814PubMed Dalby M, Bouzamondo A, Lechat P, Montalescot G (2003) Transfer for primary angioplasty versus immediate thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Circulation 108:1809–1814PubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Magid DJ, Calonge BN, Rumsfeld JS et al (2000) Relation between hospital primary angioplasty volume and mortality for patients with acute MI treated with primary angioplasty vs thrombolytic therapy. JAMA 284:3131–3138PubMed Magid DJ, Calonge BN, Rumsfeld JS et al (2000) Relation between hospital primary angioplasty volume and mortality for patients with acute MI treated with primary angioplasty vs thrombolytic therapy. JAMA 284:3131–3138PubMed
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Steg PG, Bonnefoy E, Chabaud S et al (2003) Impact of time to treatment on mortality after prehospital fibrinolysis or primary angioplasty: data from the CAPTIM randomized clinical trial. Circulation 108:2851–2856PubMed Steg PG, Bonnefoy E, Chabaud S et al (2003) Impact of time to treatment on mortality after prehospital fibrinolysis or primary angioplasty: data from the CAPTIM randomized clinical trial. Circulation 108:2851–2856PubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Bonnefoy E, Steg PG, Boutitie F et al (2009) Comparison of primary angioplasty and pre-hospital fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction (CAPTIM) trial: a 5-year follow-up. Eur Heart J 30:1598–1606PubMed Bonnefoy E, Steg PG, Boutitie F et al (2009) Comparison of primary angioplasty and pre-hospital fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction (CAPTIM) trial: a 5-year follow-up. Eur Heart J 30:1598–1606PubMed
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Kalla K, Christ G, Karnik R et al (2006) Implementation of guidelines improves the standard of care: the Viennese registry on reperfusion strategies in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (Vienna STEMI registry). Circulation 113:2398–2405PubMed Kalla K, Christ G, Karnik R et al (2006) Implementation of guidelines improves the standard of care: the Viennese registry on reperfusion strategies in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (Vienna STEMI registry). Circulation 113:2398–2405PubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Pinto DS, Kirtane AJ, Nallamothu BK et al (2006) Hospital delays in reperfusion for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: implications when selecting a reperfusion strategy. Circulation 114:2019PubMed Pinto DS, Kirtane AJ, Nallamothu BK et al (2006) Hospital delays in reperfusion for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: implications when selecting a reperfusion strategy. Circulation 114:2019PubMed
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Madsen MM, Busk M, Sondergaard HM et al (2005) Does diabetes mellitus abolish the beneficial effect of primary coronary angioplasty on long-term risk of reinfarction after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction compared with fibrinolysis? (A DANAMI-2 substudy). Am J Cardiol 96:1469–1475PubMed Madsen MM, Busk M, Sondergaard HM et al (2005) Does diabetes mellitus abolish the beneficial effect of primary coronary angioplasty on long-term risk of reinfarction after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction compared with fibrinolysis? (A DANAMI-2 substudy). Am J Cardiol 96:1469–1475PubMed
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Peterson LR, Chandra NC, French WJ et al (1999) Reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction and prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (National Registry of Myocardial Infarction-2). Am J Cardiol 84:1287–1291PubMed Peterson LR, Chandra NC, French WJ et al (1999) Reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction and prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (National Registry of Myocardial Infarction-2). Am J Cardiol 84:1287–1291PubMed
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Kereiakes DJ, Gibler WB, Martin LH et al (1992) Relative importance of emergency medical system transport and the prehospital electrocardiogram on reducing hospital time delay to therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a preliminary report from the Cincinnati Heart Project. Am Heart J 123:835–840PubMed Kereiakes DJ, Gibler WB, Martin LH et al (1992) Relative importance of emergency medical system transport and the prehospital electrocardiogram on reducing hospital time delay to therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a preliminary report from the Cincinnati Heart Project. Am Heart J 123:835–840PubMed
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Le May MR, So DY, Dionne R et al (2008) A citywide protocol for primary PCI in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 358:231–240 Le May MR, So DY, Dionne R et al (2008) A citywide protocol for primary PCI in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 358:231–240
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Gross BW, Dauterman KW, Moran MG et al (2007) An approach to shorten time to infarct artery patency in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 99:1360–1363PubMed Gross BW, Dauterman KW, Moran MG et al (2007) An approach to shorten time to infarct artery patency in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 99:1360–1363PubMed
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Bradley EH, Herrin J, Wang Y et al (2006) Strategies for reducing the door-to-balloon time in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 355:2308–2320PubMed Bradley EH, Herrin J, Wang Y et al (2006) Strategies for reducing the door-to-balloon time in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 355:2308–2320PubMed
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Widimsky P, Groch L, Zelizko M et al (2000) Multicentre randomized trial comparing transport to primary angioplasty vs immediate thrombolysis vs combined strategy for patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting to a community hospital without a catheterization laboratory. The PRAGUE study. Eur Heart J 21:823–831PubMed Widimsky P, Groch L, Zelizko M et al (2000) Multicentre randomized trial comparing transport to primary angioplasty vs immediate thrombolysis vs combined strategy for patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting to a community hospital without a catheterization laboratory. The PRAGUE study. Eur Heart J 21:823–831PubMed
95.
Zurück zum Zitat (o A) (2006) Primary versus tenecteplase-facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (ASSENT-4 PCI): randomised trial. Lancet 367:569–578 (o A) (2006) Primary versus tenecteplase-facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (ASSENT-4 PCI): randomised trial. Lancet 367:569–578
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Herrmann HC, Lu J, Brodie BR et al (2009) Benefit of facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in high-risk ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients presenting to nonpercutaneous coronary intervention hospitals. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2:917–924PubMed Herrmann HC, Lu J, Brodie BR et al (2009) Benefit of facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in high-risk ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients presenting to nonpercutaneous coronary intervention hospitals. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2:917–924PubMed
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Gershlick AH, Stephens-Lloyd A, Hughes S et al (2005) Rescue angioplasty after failed thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 353:2758–2768PubMed Gershlick AH, Stephens-Lloyd A, Hughes S et al (2005) Rescue angioplasty after failed thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 353:2758–2768PubMed
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Danchin N, Coste P, Ferrieres J et al (2008) Comparison of thrombolysis followed by broad use of percutaneous coronary intervention with primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segmentelevation acute myocardial infarction: data from the french registry on acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (FAST-MI). Circulation 118:268–276PubMed Danchin N, Coste P, Ferrieres J et al (2008) Comparison of thrombolysis followed by broad use of percutaneous coronary intervention with primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segmentelevation acute myocardial infarction: data from the french registry on acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (FAST-MI). Circulation 118:268–276PubMed
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Cantor WJ, Fitchett D, Borgundvaag B et al (2009) Routine early angioplasty after fibrinolysis for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 360:2705–2718PubMed Cantor WJ, Fitchett D, Borgundvaag B et al (2009) Routine early angioplasty after fibrinolysis for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 360:2705–2718PubMed
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Webb JG et al (1999) Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. SHOCK Investigators. Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock. N Engl J Med 341:625–634PubMed Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Webb JG et al (1999) Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. SHOCK Investigators. Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock. N Engl J Med 341:625–634PubMed
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Arntz HR, Wenzel V, Dissmann R et al (2008) Out-of-hospital thrombolysis during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with high likelihood of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Resuscitation 76:180–184PubMed Arntz HR, Wenzel V, Dissmann R et al (2008) Out-of-hospital thrombolysis during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with high likelihood of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Resuscitation 76:180–184PubMed
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Garot P, Lefevre T, Eltchaninoff H et al (2007) Six-month outcome of emergency percutaneous coronary intervention in resuscitated patients after cardiac arrest complicating ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation 115:1354–1362PubMed Garot P, Lefevre T, Eltchaninoff H et al (2007) Six-month outcome of emergency percutaneous coronary intervention in resuscitated patients after cardiac arrest complicating ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation 115:1354–1362PubMed
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Spaulding CM, Joly LM, Rosenberg A et al (1997) Immediate coronary angiography in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 336:1629–1633PubMed Spaulding CM, Joly LM, Rosenberg A et al (1997) Immediate coronary angiography in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 336:1629–1633PubMed
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Sunde K, Pytte M, Jacobsen D et al (2007) Implementation of a standardised treatment protocol for post resuscitation care after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 73:29–39PubMed Sunde K, Pytte M, Jacobsen D et al (2007) Implementation of a standardised treatment protocol for post resuscitation care after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 73:29–39PubMed
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Yusuf S, Peto R, Lewis J et al (1985) Beta blockade during and after myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomized trials. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 27:335–371PubMed Yusuf S, Peto R, Lewis J et al (1985) Beta blockade during and after myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomized trials. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 27:335–371PubMed
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen ZM, Pan HC, Chen YP et al (2005) Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 366:1622–1632PubMed Chen ZM, Pan HC, Chen YP et al (2005) Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 366:1622–1632PubMed
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Teo KK, Yusuf S, Furberg CD (1993) Effects of prophylactic antiarrhythmic drug therapy in acute myocardial infarction. An overview of results from randomized controlled trials. JAMA 270:1589–1595PubMed Teo KK, Yusuf S, Furberg CD (1993) Effects of prophylactic antiarrhythmic drug therapy in acute myocardial infarction. An overview of results from randomized controlled trials. JAMA 270:1589–1595PubMed
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Hine LK, Laird N, Hewitt P, Chalmers TC (1989) Meta-analytic evidence against prophylactic use of lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 149:2694–2648PubMed Hine LK, Laird N, Hewitt P, Chalmers TC (1989) Meta-analytic evidence against prophylactic use of lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 149:2694–2648PubMed
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Swedberg K, Held P, Kjekshus J et al (1992) Effects of the early administration of enalapril on mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Results of the Cooperative New Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study II (CONSENSUS II). N Engl J Med 327:678–684PubMed Swedberg K, Held P, Kjekshus J et al (1992) Effects of the early administration of enalapril on mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Results of the Cooperative New Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study II (CONSENSUS II). N Engl J Med 327:678–684PubMed
110.
Zurück zum Zitat (o A) (1998) Indications for ACE inhibitors in the early treatment of acute myocardial infarction: systematic overview of individual data from 100,000 patients in randomized trials. ACE Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group. Circulation 97:2202–2212 (o A) (1998) Indications for ACE inhibitors in the early treatment of acute myocardial infarction: systematic overview of individual data from 100,000 patients in randomized trials. ACE Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group. Circulation 97:2202–2212
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Patti G, Pasceri V, Colonna G et al (2007) Atorvastatin pretreatment improves outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing early percutaneous coronary intervention: results of the ARMYDA-ACS randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:1272–1278PubMed Patti G, Pasceri V, Colonna G et al (2007) Atorvastatin pretreatment improves outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing early percutaneous coronary intervention: results of the ARMYDA-ACS randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:1272–1278PubMed
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Hulten E, Jackson JL, Douglas K et al (2006) The effect of early, intensive statin therapy on acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 166:1814–1821PubMed Hulten E, Jackson JL, Douglas K et al (2006) The effect of early, intensive statin therapy on acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 166:1814–1821PubMed
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Heeschen C, Hamm CW, Laufs U et al (2002) Withdrawal of statins increases event rates in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 105:1446–1452PubMed Heeschen C, Hamm CW, Laufs U et al (2002) Withdrawal of statins increases event rates in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 105:1446–1452PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Initiales Management des akuten Koronarsyndroms
Sektion 5 der Leitlinien zur Reanimation 2010 des European Resuscitation Council
verfasst von
H.-R. Arntz
L.L. Bossaert
N. Danchin
N. Nicolau
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2010
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Notfall + Rettungsmedizin / Ausgabe 7/2010
Print ISSN: 1434-6222
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-0578
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-010-1371-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2010

Notfall +  Rettungsmedizin 7/2010 Zur Ausgabe

ERC-Leitlinien

Kurzdarstellung