Skip to main content

Tipp

Weitere Kapitel dieses Buchs durch Wischen aufrufen

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Immunologie der fetomaternalen Grenze

verfasst von : Udo R. Markert, Johanna Seitz, Theresa Hofmann, Juliane Götze, Sebastian Schamberger

Erschienen in: Die Plazenta

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Die Schwangerschaft stellt die einzigartige Situation dar, in der zwei allogene Organismen, Mutter und Fetus, ohne Abstoßungsreaktionen in Symbiose zusammenleben. Die Plazenta bildet dabei den größten Teil der Grenzfläche und ist somit von besonderer immunologischer Bedeutung. Verschiedenste plazentare Faktoren, großenteils von Trophoblastzellen produziert und sezerniert, induzieren eine weitgehend spezifische Toleranz gegenüber dem Embryo oder Fetus, ohne dabei die eigentlichen Funktionen des Immunsystems grundlegend zu verändern. Störungen dieser Toleranz können zu allen Zeitpunkten den Schwangerschaftsverlauf beeinträchtigen oder eine Schwangerschaft gar nicht erst zustande kommen lassen. Immunologische Parameter haben daher das Potenzial, als diagnostische Marker und für neue Behandlungsstrategien genutzt zu werden. Das vorliegende Kapitel soll einen groben Eindruck in die komplexe Thematik vermitteln.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Aldo PB et al (2014) Trophoblast induces monocyte differentiation into CD14+/CD16+ macrophages. Am J Reprod Immunol 72(3):270–284 CrossRef Aldo PB et al (2014) Trophoblast induces monocyte differentiation into CD14+/CD16+ macrophages. Am J Reprod Immunol 72(3):270–284 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Aluvihare VR, Kallikourdis M, Betz AG (2005) Tolerance, suppression and the fetal allograft. J Mol Med (Berl) 83(2):88–96 CrossRef Aluvihare VR, Kallikourdis M, Betz AG (2005) Tolerance, suppression and the fetal allograft. J Mol Med (Berl) 83(2):88–96 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Arck PC, Hecher K (2013) Fetomaternal immune cross-talk and its consequences for maternal and offspring’s health. Nat Med 19(5):548–556 CrossRef Arck PC, Hecher K (2013) Fetomaternal immune cross-talk and its consequences for maternal and offspring’s health. Nat Med 19(5):548–556 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Arck P et al (2007) Progesterone during pregnancy: endocrine-immune cross talk in mammalian species and the role of stress. Am J Reprod Immunol 58(3):268–279 CrossRef Arck P et al (2007) Progesterone during pregnancy: endocrine-immune cross talk in mammalian species and the role of stress. Am J Reprod Immunol 58(3):268–279 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Barakonyi A et al (2002) Recognition of nonclassical HLA class I antigens by gamma delta T cells during pregnancy. J Immunol 168(6):2683–2688 CrossRef Barakonyi A et al (2002) Recognition of nonclassical HLA class I antigens by gamma delta T cells during pregnancy. J Immunol 168(6):2683–2688 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Blaschitz A et al (2011) Vascular endothelial expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 forms a positive gradient towards the feto-maternal interface. PLoS One 6(7):e21774 CrossRef Blaschitz A et al (2011) Vascular endothelial expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 forms a positive gradient towards the feto-maternal interface. PLoS One 6(7):e21774 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bulmer JN, Williams PJ, Lash GE (2010) Immune cells in the placental bed. Int J Dev Biol 54(2–3):281–294 CrossRef Bulmer JN, Williams PJ, Lash GE (2010) Immune cells in the placental bed. Int J Dev Biol 54(2–3):281–294 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Caligiuri MA (2008) Human natural killer cells. Blood 112(3):461–469 CrossRef Caligiuri MA (2008) Human natural killer cells. Blood 112(3):461–469 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Carlino C et al (2012) Chemerin regulates NK cell accumulation and endothelial cell morphogenesis in the decidua during early pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97(10):3603–3612 CrossRef Carlino C et al (2012) Chemerin regulates NK cell accumulation and endothelial cell morphogenesis in the decidua during early pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97(10):3603–3612 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chamley LW et al (2014) Review: where is the maternofetal interface? Placenta 35:74–80 CrossRef Chamley LW et al (2014) Review: where is the maternofetal interface? Placenta 35:74–80 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chaouat G (2013) Inflammation, NK cells and implantation: friend and foe (the good, the bad and the ugly?): replacing placental viviparity in an evolutionary perspective. J Reprod Immunol 97(1):2–13 CrossRef Chaouat G (2013) Inflammation, NK cells and implantation: friend and foe (the good, the bad and the ugly?): replacing placental viviparity in an evolutionary perspective. J Reprod Immunol 97(1):2–13 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chen W et al (2008) The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase pathway is essential for human plasmacytoid dendritic cell-induced adaptive T regulatory cell generation. J Immunol 181(8):5396–5404 CrossRef Chen W et al (2008) The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase pathway is essential for human plasmacytoid dendritic cell-induced adaptive T regulatory cell generation. J Immunol 181(8):5396–5404 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Colucci F, Caligiuri MA, Di Santo JP (2003) What does it take to make a natural killer? Nat Rev Immunol 3(5):413–425 CrossRef Colucci F, Caligiuri MA, Di Santo JP (2003) What does it take to make a natural killer? Nat Rev Immunol 3(5):413–425 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Crncic TB et al (2005) Perforin and Fas/FasL cytolytic pathways at the maternal-fetal interface. Am J Reprod Immunol 54(5):241–248 CrossRef Crncic TB et al (2005) Perforin and Fas/FasL cytolytic pathways at the maternal-fetal interface. Am J Reprod Immunol 54(5):241–248 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Delorme-Axford E et al (2013) Human placental trophoblasts confer viral resistance to recipient cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(29):12048–12053 CrossRef Delorme-Axford E et al (2013) Human placental trophoblasts confer viral resistance to recipient cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(29):12048–12053 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ermisch C, Markert UR (2011) PIBF – Progesterone-Induced Blocking Factor. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 215(3):93–97 CrossRef Ermisch C, Markert UR (2011) PIBF – Progesterone-Induced Blocking Factor. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 215(3):93–97 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Faas MM, Vos P de (2017) Uterine NK cells and macrophages in pregnancy. Placenta 56:44–52 CrossRef Faas MM, Vos P de (2017) Uterine NK cells and macrophages in pregnancy. Placenta 56:44–52 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Filippini A et al (2001) Control and impairment of immune privilege in the testis and in semen. Hum Reprod Update 7(5):444–449 CrossRef Filippini A et al (2001) Control and impairment of immune privilege in the testis and in semen. Hum Reprod Update 7(5):444–449 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Foster BP et al (2016) Extracellular vesicles in blood, milk and body fluids of the female and male urogenital tract and with special regard to reproduction. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 53(6):379–395 CrossRef Foster BP et al (2016) Extracellular vesicles in blood, milk and body fluids of the female and male urogenital tract and with special regard to reproduction. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 53(6):379–395 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fournier T (2016) Human chorionic gonadotropin: different glycoforms and biological activity depending on its source of production. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 77(2):75–81 CrossRef Fournier T (2016) Human chorionic gonadotropin: different glycoforms and biological activity depending on its source of production. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 77(2):75–81 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gohner C et al (2015) A New Enzyme-linked Sorbent Assay (ELSA) to quantify syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles in biological fluids. Am J Reprod Immunol 73(6):582–588 CrossRef Gohner C et al (2015) A New Enzyme-linked Sorbent Assay (ELSA) to quantify syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles in biological fluids. Am J Reprod Immunol 73(6):582–588 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gordon S (2003) Alternative activation of macrophages. Nat Rev Immunol 3(1):23–35 CrossRef Gordon S (2003) Alternative activation of macrophages. Nat Rev Immunol 3(1):23–35 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gordon S, Taylor PR (2005) Monocyte and macrophage heterogeneity. Nat Rev Immunol 5(12):953–964 CrossRef Gordon S, Taylor PR (2005) Monocyte and macrophage heterogeneity. Nat Rev Immunol 5(12):953–964 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Guerin LR, Prins JR, Robertson SA (2009) Regulatory T-cells and immune tolerance in pregnancy: a new target for infertility treatment? Hum Reprod Update 15(5):517–535 CrossRef Guerin LR, Prins JR, Robertson SA (2009) Regulatory T-cells and immune tolerance in pregnancy: a new target for infertility treatment? Hum Reprod Update 15(5):517–535 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gustafsson C et al (2008) Gene expression profiling of human decidual macrophages: evidence for immunosuppressive phenotype. PLoS One 3(4):e2078 CrossRef Gustafsson C et al (2008) Gene expression profiling of human decidual macrophages: evidence for immunosuppressive phenotype. PLoS One 3(4):e2078 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Heikkinen J et al (2003) Phenotypic characterization of human decidual macrophages. Clin Exp Immunol 131(3):498–505 CrossRef Heikkinen J et al (2003) Phenotypic characterization of human decidual macrophages. Clin Exp Immunol 131(3):498–505 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jabrane-Ferrat N, Siewiera J (2014) The up side of decidual natural killer cells: new developments in immunology of pregnancy. Immunology 141(4):490–497 CrossRef Jabrane-Ferrat N, Siewiera J (2014) The up side of decidual natural killer cells: new developments in immunology of pregnancy. Immunology 141(4):490–497 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jones LA et al (2010) Differential modulation of TLR3- and TLR4-mediated dendritic cell maturation and function by progesterone. J Immunol 185(8):4525–4534 CrossRef Jones LA et al (2010) Differential modulation of TLR3- and TLR4-mediated dendritic cell maturation and function by progesterone. J Immunol 185(8):4525–4534 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kammerer U, Wolff M von, Markert UR (2004) Immunology of human endometrium. Immunobiology 209(7):569–574 CrossRef Kammerer U, Wolff M von, Markert UR (2004) Immunology of human endometrium. Immunobiology 209(7):569–574 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Koc S et al (2003) Enhancement of immunogenicity of Jeg3 cells by ectopic expression of HLA-A*0201 and CD80. Am J Reprod Immunol 50(3):243–253 CrossRef Koc S et al (2003) Enhancement of immunogenicity of Jeg3 cells by ectopic expression of HLA-A*0201 and CD80. Am J Reprod Immunol 50(3):243–253 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kopcow HD et al (2008) T cell apoptosis at the maternal-fetal interface in early human pregnancy, involvement of galectin-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(47):18472–18477 CrossRef Kopcow HD et al (2008) T cell apoptosis at the maternal-fetal interface in early human pregnancy, involvement of galectin-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(47):18472–18477 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Makrigiannakis A et al (2008) Fetomaternal immunotolerance. Am J Reprod Immunol 60(6):482–496 CrossRef Makrigiannakis A et al (2008) Fetomaternal immunotolerance. Am J Reprod Immunol 60(6):482–496 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Martinez FO et al (2006) Transcriptional profiling of the human monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and polarization: new molecules and patterns of gene expression. J Immunol 177(10):7303–7311 CrossRef Martinez FO et al (2006) Transcriptional profiling of the human monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and polarization: new molecules and patterns of gene expression. J Immunol 177(10):7303–7311 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McIntire RH, Ganacias KG, Hunt JS (2008) Programming of human monocytes by the uteroplacental environment. Reprod Sci 15(5):437–447 CrossRef McIntire RH, Ganacias KG, Hunt JS (2008) Programming of human monocytes by the uteroplacental environment. Reprod Sci 15(5):437–447 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Medawar PB (1953) Some immunological and endocrinological problems raised by the evolution of viviparity in vertebrates. Symp Soc Exp Biol 7:320–338 Medawar PB (1953) Some immunological and endocrinological problems raised by the evolution of viviparity in vertebrates. Symp Soc Exp Biol 7:320–338
Zurück zum Zitat Mellor AL, Munn DH (2004) IDO expression by dendritic cells: tolerance and tryptophan catabolism. Nat Rev Immunol 4(10):762–774 CrossRef Mellor AL, Munn DH (2004) IDO expression by dendritic cells: tolerance and tryptophan catabolism. Nat Rev Immunol 4(10):762–774 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mincheva-Nilsson L (2003) Pregnancy and gamma/delta T cells: taking on the hard questions. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 1:120 CrossRef Mincheva-Nilsson L (2003) Pregnancy and gamma/delta T cells: taking on the hard questions. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 1:120 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Moore KL, Persaud TVN (2007) Embryologie: Entwicklungsstadien, Frühentwicklung, Organogenese, Klinik, Bd 5. Elsevier & Urban & Fischer, München Moore KL, Persaud TVN (2007) Embryologie: Entwicklungsstadien, Frühentwicklung, Organogenese, Klinik, Bd 5. Elsevier & Urban & Fischer, München
Zurück zum Zitat Mor G (2008) Inflammation and pregnancy: the role of toll-like receptors in trophoblast-immune interaction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1127:121–128 CrossRef Mor G (2008) Inflammation and pregnancy: the role of toll-like receptors in trophoblast-immune interaction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1127:121–128 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mor G, Abrahams VM (2003) Potential role of macrophages as immunoregulators of pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 1:119 CrossRef Mor G, Abrahams VM (2003) Potential role of macrophages as immunoregulators of pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 1:119 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mor G, Cardenas I (2010) The immune system in pregnancy: a unique complexity. Am J Reprod Immunol 63(6):425–433 CrossRef Mor G, Cardenas I (2010) The immune system in pregnancy: a unique complexity. Am J Reprod Immunol 63(6):425–433 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Morales-Prieto DM et al (2014) Elsevier trophoblast research award lecture: origin, evolution and future of placenta miRNAs. Placenta 35:39–45 CrossRef Morales-Prieto DM et al (2014) Elsevier trophoblast research award lecture: origin, evolution and future of placenta miRNAs. Placenta 35:39–45 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ospina-Prieto S et al (2016) MicroRNA-141 is upregulated in preeclamptic placentae and regulates trophoblast invasion and intercellular communication. Transl Res 172:61–72 CrossRef Ospina-Prieto S et al (2016) MicroRNA-141 is upregulated in preeclamptic placentae and regulates trophoblast invasion and intercellular communication. Transl Res 172:61–72 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Persson G et al (2017) HLA class Ib in pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders. Immunogenetics 69(8–9):581–595 CrossRef Persson G et al (2017) HLA class Ib in pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders. Immunogenetics 69(8–9):581–595 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Piccinni MP et al (2000) Role of hormone-controlled Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in successful pregnancy. J Neuroimmunol 109(1):30–33 CrossRef Piccinni MP et al (2000) Role of hormone-controlled Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in successful pregnancy. J Neuroimmunol 109(1):30–33 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Poehlmann TG et al (2006) Inhibition of term decidual NK cell cytotoxicity by soluble HLA-G1. Am J Reprod Immunol 56(5–6):275–285 CrossRef Poehlmann TG et al (2006) Inhibition of term decidual NK cell cytotoxicity by soluble HLA-G1. Am J Reprod Immunol 56(5–6):275–285 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Porcheray F et al (2005) Macrophage activation switching: an asset for the resolution of inflammation. Clin Exp Immunol 142(3):481–489 PubMedPubMedCentral Porcheray F et al (2005) Macrophage activation switching: an asset for the resolution of inflammation. Clin Exp Immunol 142(3):481–489 PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Redman CW, Sacks GP, Sargent IL (1999) Preeclampsia: an excessive maternal inflammatory response to pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 180(2 Pt 1):499–506 CrossRef Redman CW, Sacks GP, Sargent IL (1999) Preeclampsia: an excessive maternal inflammatory response to pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 180(2 Pt 1):499–506 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Reister F et al (2001) Macrophage-induced apoptosis limits endovascular trophoblast invasion in the uterine wall of preeclamptic women. Lab Invest 81(8):1143–1152 CrossRef Reister F et al (2001) Macrophage-induced apoptosis limits endovascular trophoblast invasion in the uterine wall of preeclamptic women. Lab Invest 81(8):1143–1152 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Reyes L, Wolfe B, Golos T (2017) Hofbauer cells: Placental macrophages of fetal origin. Results Probl Cell Differ 62:45–60 CrossRef Reyes L, Wolfe B, Golos T (2017) Hofbauer cells: Placental macrophages of fetal origin. Results Probl Cell Differ 62:45–60 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Robinson DP, Klein SL (2012) Pregnancy and pregnancy-associated hormones alter immune responses and disease pathogenesis. Horm Behav 62(3):263–271 CrossRef Robinson DP, Klein SL (2012) Pregnancy and pregnancy-associated hormones alter immune responses and disease pathogenesis. Horm Behav 62(3):263–271 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Saito S (2000) Cytokine network at the feto-maternal interface. J Reprod Immunol 47(2):87–103 CrossRef Saito S (2000) Cytokine network at the feto-maternal interface. J Reprod Immunol 47(2):87–103 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Saito S, Sasaki Y, Sakai M (2005) CD4(+)CD25high regulatory T cells in human pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 65(2):111–120 CrossRef Saito S, Sasaki Y, Sakai M (2005) CD4(+)CD25high regulatory T cells in human pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 65(2):111–120 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Santoni A, Carlino C, Gismondi A (2008) Uterine NK cell development, migration and function. Reprod Biomed Online 16(2):202–210 CrossRef Santoni A, Carlino C, Gismondi A (2008) Uterine NK cell development, migration and function. Reprod Biomed Online 16(2):202–210 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Schamberger S et al (2013) Establishment of a one-sided ex vivo human placenta perfusion model to assess adhesion and invasion behavior of T cell leukemia cell lines. Leuk Lymphoma 54(8):1811–1813 CrossRef Schamberger S et al (2013) Establishment of a one-sided ex vivo human placenta perfusion model to assess adhesion and invasion behavior of T cell leukemia cell lines. Leuk Lymphoma 54(8):1811–1813 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Schmorl CG (1893) Pathologisch-anatomische Untersuchungen über Puerperal-Eklampsie. F. C. W Vogel, Leipzig Schmorl CG (1893) Pathologisch-anatomische Untersuchungen über Puerperal-Eklampsie. F. C. W Vogel, Leipzig
Zurück zum Zitat Seshadri S, Sunkara SK (2014) Natural killer cells in female infertility and recurrent miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 20(3):429–438 CrossRef Seshadri S, Sunkara SK (2014) Natural killer cells in female infertility and recurrent miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 20(3):429–438 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Silini AR et al (2017) Is immune modulation the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of amniotic cells and their derivatives in regenerative medicine? Cell Transplant 26(4):531–539 CrossRef Silini AR et al (2017) Is immune modulation the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of amniotic cells and their derivatives in regenerative medicine? Cell Transplant 26(4):531–539 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Singh U et al (2005) Immunological properties of human decidual macrophages – a possible role in intrauterine immunity. Reproduction 129(5):631–637 CrossRef Singh U et al (2005) Immunological properties of human decidual macrophages – a possible role in intrauterine immunity. Reproduction 129(5):631–637 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Smith SD et al (2009) Evidence for immune cell involvement in decidual spiral arteriole remodeling in early human pregnancy. Am J Pathol 174(5):1959–1971 CrossRef Smith SD et al (2009) Evidence for immune cell involvement in decidual spiral arteriole remodeling in early human pregnancy. Am J Pathol 174(5):1959–1971 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Steinborn A et al (2012) Pregnancy-associated diseases are characterized by the composition of the systemic regulatory T cell (Treg) pool with distinct subsets of Tregs. Clin Exp Immunol 167(1):84–98 CrossRef Steinborn A et al (2012) Pregnancy-associated diseases are characterized by the composition of the systemic regulatory T cell (Treg) pool with distinct subsets of Tregs. Clin Exp Immunol 167(1):84–98 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Svensson-Arvelund J et al (2014) The placenta in toxicology. Part II: systemic and local immune adaptations in pregnancy. Toxicol Pathol 42(2):327–338 CrossRef Svensson-Arvelund J et al (2014) The placenta in toxicology. Part II: systemic and local immune adaptations in pregnancy. Toxicol Pathol 42(2):327–338 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Svensson J et al (2011) Macrophages at the fetal-maternal interface express markers of alternative activation and are induced by M-CSF and IL-10. J Immunol 187(7):3671–3682 CrossRef Svensson J et al (2011) Macrophages at the fetal-maternal interface express markers of alternative activation and are induced by M-CSF and IL-10. J Immunol 187(7):3671–3682 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Szekeres-Bartho J, Polgar B (2010) PIBF: the double edged sword. Pregnancy and tumor. Am J Reprod Immunol 64(2):77–86 PubMed Szekeres-Bartho J, Polgar B (2010) PIBF: the double edged sword. Pregnancy and tumor. Am J Reprod Immunol 64(2):77–86 PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Szekeres-Bartho J, Wegmann TG (1996) A progesterone-dependent immunomodulatory protein alters the Th1/Th2 balance. J Reprod Immunol 31(1–2):81–95 CrossRef Szekeres-Bartho J, Wegmann TG (1996) A progesterone-dependent immunomodulatory protein alters the Th1/Th2 balance. J Reprod Immunol 31(1–2):81–95 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Szekeres-Bartho J, Halasz M, Palkovics T (2009) Progesterone in pregnancy; receptor-ligand interaction and signaling pathways. J Reprod Immunol 83(1–2):60–64 CrossRef Szekeres-Bartho J, Halasz M, Palkovics T (2009) Progesterone in pregnancy; receptor-ligand interaction and signaling pathways. J Reprod Immunol 83(1–2):60–64 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Szekeres-Bartho J, Markert UR, Varla-Leftherioti M (2015) Immunology in reproduction. J Reprod Immunol 108:1 CrossRef Szekeres-Bartho J, Markert UR, Varla-Leftherioti M (2015) Immunology in reproduction. J Reprod Immunol 108:1 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Szekeres-Bartho J et al (2001) Progesterone as an immunomodulatory molecule. Int Immunopharmacol 1(6):1037–1048 CrossRef Szekeres-Bartho J et al (2001) Progesterone as an immunomodulatory molecule. Int Immunopharmacol 1(6):1037–1048 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Szekeres-Bartho J et al (2005) Progesterone-dependent immunomodulation. Chem Immunol Allergy 89:118–125 CrossRef Szekeres-Bartho J et al (2005) Progesterone-dependent immunomodulation. Chem Immunol Allergy 89:118–125 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tao Y et al (2015) CD56(bright)CD25+ NK cells are preferentially recruited to the maternal/fetal interface in early human pregnancy. Cell Mol Immunol 12(1):77–86 CrossRef Tao Y et al (2015) CD56(bright)CD25+ NK cells are preferentially recruited to the maternal/fetal interface in early human pregnancy. Cell Mol Immunol 12(1):77–86 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Terness P et al (2007) Tolerance signaling molecules and pregnancy: IDO, galectins, and the renaissance of regulatory T cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 58(3):238–254 CrossRef Terness P et al (2007) Tolerance signaling molecules and pregnancy: IDO, galectins, and the renaissance of regulatory T cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 58(3):238–254 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Trundley A, Moffett A (2004) Human uterine leukocytes and pregnancy. Tissue Antigens 63(1):1–12 CrossRef Trundley A, Moffett A (2004) Human uterine leukocytes and pregnancy. Tissue Antigens 63(1):1–12 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tuckerman E et al (2010) Uterine natural killer cells in peri-implantation endometrium from women with repeated implantation failure after IVF. J Reprod Immunol 87(1–2):60–66 CrossRef Tuckerman E et al (2010) Uterine natural killer cells in peri-implantation endometrium from women with repeated implantation failure after IVF. J Reprod Immunol 87(1–2):60–66 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Uckan D et al (1997) Trophoblasts express Fas ligand: a proposed mechanism for immune privilege in placenta and maternal invasion. Mol Hum Reprod 3(8):655–662 CrossRef Uckan D et al (1997) Trophoblasts express Fas ligand: a proposed mechanism for immune privilege in placenta and maternal invasion. Mol Hum Reprod 3(8):655–662 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vacca P, Mingari MC, Moretta L (2013) Natural killer cells in human pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 97(1):14–19 CrossRef Vacca P, Mingari MC, Moretta L (2013) Natural killer cells in human pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 97(1):14–19 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat VanWijk MJ et al (2002) Microparticle subpopulations are increased in preeclampsia: possible involvement in vascular dysfunction? Am J Obstet Gynecol 187(2):450–456 CrossRef VanWijk MJ et al (2002) Microparticle subpopulations are increased in preeclampsia: possible involvement in vascular dysfunction? Am J Obstet Gynecol 187(2):450–456 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wegmann TG et al (1993) Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon? Immunol Today 14(7):353–356 CrossRef Wegmann TG et al (1993) Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon? Immunol Today 14(7):353–356 CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Immunologie der fetomaternalen Grenze
verfasst von
Udo R. Markert
Johanna Seitz
Theresa Hofmann
Juliane Götze
Sebastian Schamberger
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55622-1_2