Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
Zeitschriften Fortbildung Hebammen Bücher Kongresse & Live-Webinare
Social Media - Folgen Sie uns!
Instagram Facebook LinkedIn Instagram Hebammen
Service
Jobbörse Kundenservice Info & Hilfe
Fokus-Themen
Chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankung COVID-19-Update Diabetes Hautpflege Klima & Gesundheit Hygiene Intensivpflege Kardiologische Pflege Mobilisation Nachhaltigkeit Nierenerkrankungen Obstipation Onkologische Pflege Palliativpflege Schmerz Sucht in der Pflege Vielfalt, Gleichberechtigung und Inklusion Wundversorgung
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2025 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

17. Fetale Magnetresonanztomographie

verfasst von : Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Manuela Tavares de Sousa, Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Jochen Herrmann

Erschienen in: Ultraschalldiagnostik in Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Die fetale Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) hat in den letzten Jahren erheblich an klinischer Bedeutung gewonnen. Sie wird in der pränatalen Diagnostik als komplementäres Verfahren zur Standardmethode, dem Ultraschall, angewandt. Die meisten fetalen MRT-Untersuchungen werden zur weiteren Klärung von sonographisch auffälligen Befunden des zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS) durchgeführt. Andere Fragestellungen zu Thorax, Abdomen, Urogenitalsystem oder der Plazenta können ebenso eine Indikation zur Durchführung einer MRT sein und seit kurzer Zeit hat auch die Beurteilung des fetalen Herzen Einzug in die MRT-Diagnostik gefunden. Dieses Kapitel erläutert verschiedene Aspekte der fetalen MRT-Bildgebung, die von technischen und sicherheitsrelevanten bis hin zu den diagnostischen Möglichkeiten reichen. Einigkeit besteht, dass die diagnostische Wertigkeit der ergänzenden fetalen MRT in der fortgeschrittenen Schwangerschaft erhöht ist. Ultraschall und MRT haben unterschiedliche Stärken und Schwächen, so dass Methodenvergleiche teilweise inkohärente Ergebnisse zeigen, je nachdem aus welchem Blickwinkel eine Studie geplant wurde. Beide Methoden funktionieren als Ergänzungsverfahren besonderes gut. Für die Durchführung der fetalen MRTUntersuchungen ist daher besonders wichtig, dass eine interdisziplinäre Kooperation und die gemeinsame Diagnosefindung anhand aller verfügbaren Befunde aus Ultraschall und MRT-Bildern vorgehalten wird.
Vorheriges Kapitel Dreidimensionale Ultraschalldiagnostik in der Geburtshilfe
Nächstes Kapitel Schwierigkeiten der pränatalen Diagnostik und fetalen Überwachung bei maternaler Adipositas
Literatur
Accogli A, Addour-Boudrahem N, Srour M (2021a) Diagnostic approach to cerebellar hypoplasia. Cerebellum 20:631–658PubMedCrossRef
Accogli A, Goergen S, Izzo G, Mankad K, Krajden Haratz K, Parazzini C, Fahey M, Menzies L, Baptista J, Carpineta L, Tortora D, Fulcheri E, Vellone GV, Paladini D, Spaccini L, Toto V, Trayers C, Sira BL, Reches A, Malinger G, Salpietro V, De Marco P, Srour M, Zara F, Capra V, Rossi A, Severino M (2021b) L1CAM variants cause two distinct imaging phenotypes on fetal MRI. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 8:2004–2012PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Adams NC, Victoria T, Oliver ER, Moldenhauer JS, Adzick NS, Colleran GC (2020) Fetal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging: a primer on how to interpret prenatal lung lesions. Pediatr Radiol 50:1839–1854PubMedCrossRef
Adu-Bredu TK, Rijken MJ, Nieto-Calvache AJ, Stefanovic V, Aryananda RA, Fox KA, Collins SL, International Society of Placenta Accreta SPECTRUM (IS-PAS) Low- and Middle-Income Countries Working Group (2023) A simple guide to ultrasound screening for placenta accreta spectrum for improving detection and optimizing management in resource limited settings. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 160:732–741PubMedCrossRef
Adzick NS, Thom EA, Spong CY, Brock JW 3rd, Burrows PK, Johnson MP, Howell LJ, Farrell JA, Dabrowiak ME, Sutton LN, Gupta N, Tulipan NB, D’Alton ME, Farmer DL, MOMS Investigators (2011) A randomized trial of prenatal versus postnatal repair of myelomeningocele. N Engl J Med 364:993–1004PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Aertsen M, Dymarkowski S, Vander Mijnsbrugge W, Cockmartin L, Demaerel P, De Catte L (2022) Anatomical and diffusion-weighted imaging of brain abnormalities in third-trimester fetuses with cytomegalovirus infection. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 60:68–75PubMedCrossRef
Akiyama S, Madan N, Graham G, Samura O, Kitano R, Yun HJ, Craig A, Nakamura T, Hozawa A, Grant E, Im K, Tarui T (2022) Regional brain development in fetuses with dandy-walker malformation: a volumetric fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging study. PLoS One 17:e263535PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Amir T, Poretti A, Boltshauser E, Huisman TA (2016) Differential diagnosis of ventriculomegaly and brainstem kinking on fetal MRI. Brain Dev 38:103–108PubMedCrossRef
Amodeo I, Borzani I, Raffaeli G, Persico N, Amelio GS, Gulden S, Colnaghi M, Villamor E, Mosca F, Cavallaro G (2022) The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Eur J Pediatr 18:3243–3257CrossRef
Asenbaum U, Brugger PC, Woitek R, Furtner J, Prayer D (2013) Indikationen und Technik der fetalen Magnetresonanztomographie. Radiologe 53:109–115PubMedCrossRef
Barkovich AJ, Guerrini R, Kuzniecky RI, Jackson GD, Dobyns WB (2012) A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development: update 2012. Brain 135:1348e69CrossRef
Biran-Gol Y, Malinger G, Cohen H, Davidovitch M, Lev D, Lerman-Sagie T, Schweiger A (2010) Developmental outcome of isolated fetal macrocephaly. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 36:147–153PubMedCrossRef
Bird ST, Gelperin K, Sahin L, Bleich KB, Fazio-Eynullayeva E, Woods C, Radden E, Greene P, McCloskey C, Johnson T, Shinde M, Krefting I (2019) First-trimester exposure to gadolinium-based contrast agents: a utilization study of 4.6 million U.S. pregnancies. Radiology 293:193–200PubMedCrossRef
Borkowski-Tillman T, Garcia-Rodriguez R, Viñals F, Branco M, Kradjen-Haratz K, Ben-Sira L, Lerman-Sagie T, Malinger G (2020) Agenesis of the septum pellucidum: prenatal diagnosis and outcome. Prenat Diagn 40:674–680PubMedCrossRef
Bouyssi-Kobar M, du Plessis AJ, Robertson RL, Limperopoulos C (2015) Fetal magnetic resonance imaging: exposure times and functional outcomes at preschool age. Pediatr Radiol 45:1823–1830PubMedCrossRef
Braga VL, da Costa MDS, Riera R, Dos Santos Rocha LP, de Oliveira Santos BF, Matsumura Hondo TT, de Oliveira Chagas M, Cavalheiro S (2018) Schizencephaly: a review of 734 patients. Pediatr Neurol 87:23–29PubMedCrossRef
Brar BK, Thompson MG, Vora NL, Gilmore K, Blakemore K, Miller KA, Giordano J, Dufke A, Wong B, Stover S, Lianoglou B, Van den Veyver I, Dempsey E, Rosner M, Chong K, Chitayat D, Sparks TN, Norton ME, Wapner R, Baranano K, Jelin AC, Fetal Sequencing Consortium (2022) Prenatal phenotyping of fetal tubulinopathies: A multicenter retrospective case series. Prenat Diagn 42:1686–1693PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Buca D, Di Mascio D, Rizzo G, Giancotti A, D’Amico A, Leombroni M, Makatsarya A, Familiari A, Liberati M, Nappi L, Flacco ME, Manzoli L, Salomon LJ, Scambia G, D’Antonio F (2021) Outcome of fetuses with congenital cytomegalovirus infection and normal ultrasound at diagnosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 57:551–559PubMedCrossRef
Campbell J, Gilbert WM, Nicolaides KH, Campbell S (1987) Ultrasound screening for spina bifida: cranial and cerebellar signs in a high-risk population. Obstet Gynecol 70:247–250PubMed
Cannie M, Jani J, De Keyzer F, Roebben I, Dymarkowski S, Deprest J (2009) Diffusionweighted MRI in lungs of normal fetuses and those with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 34:678–686PubMedCrossRef
Chalouhi GE, Millischer AÉ, Mahallati H, Siauve N, Melbourne A, Grevent D, Vinit N, Heidet L, Aigrain Y, Ville Y, Blanc T, Salomon LJ (2020) The use of fetal MRI for renal and urogenital tract anomalies. Prenat Diagn 40:100–109PubMedCrossRef
Chartier AL, Bouvier MJ, McPherson DR, Stepenosky JE, Taysom DA, Marks RM (2019) The safety of maternal and fetal MRI at 3 T. Am J Roentgenol 2213:1170–1173CrossRef
Chatzakis C, Sotiriadis A, Dinas K, Ville Y (2023) Neonatal and long-term outcomes of infants with congenital cytomegalovirus infection and negative amniocentesis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 61:158–167PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Chen J, Wang J, Sun H, Gu X, Hao X, Fu Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhang H, Han L, He Y (2019) Fetal cardiac tumor: echocardiography, clinical outcome and genetic analysis in 53 cases. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 54:103–109PubMedCrossRef
Codaccioni C, Macé P, Gorincour G, Grévent D, Heckenroth H, Merrot T, Chaumoître K, Khen-Dunlop N, Ville Y, Salomon LJ, Bretelle F (2022) Can fetal magnetic resonance imaging aid prognosis in gastroschisis: a multicenter study. Prenat Diagn 42:502–551PubMedCrossRef
Colleran GC, Kyncl M, Garel C, Cassart M (2022) Fetal magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla – the European experience. Pediatr Radiol 52:959–970PubMedCrossRef
D’Antonio F, Khalil A, Garel C, Pilu G, Rizzo G, Lerman-Sagie T, Bhide A, Thilaganathan B, Manzoli L, Papageorghiou AT (2016) Systematic review and meta-analysis of isolated posterior fossa malformations on prenatal imaging (part 2): neurodevelopmental outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 48:28–37PubMedCrossRef
Danzer E, Edgar JC, Eppley E, Goldshore MA, Chotzoglou E, Herkert LM, Oliver ER, Rintoul NE, Panitch H, Adzick NS, Hedrick HL, Victoria T (2021) Predicting neonatal outcomes in infants with giant omphalocele using prenatal magnetic resonance imaging calculated observed-to-expected fetal lung volumes. Prenat Diagn 41:1439–1448PubMedCrossRef
Dawood Y, Honhoff C, van der Post AS, Roosendaal SD, Coolen BF, Strijkers GJ, Pajkrt E, de Bakker BS (2022) Comparison of postmortem whole-body contrast-enhanced microfocus computed tomography and high-field magnetic resonance imaging of human fetuses. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 60:109–117PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
De Santis M, Straface G, Cavaliere AF, Carducci B, Caruso A (2007) Gadolinium periconceptional exposure: pregnancy and neonatal outcome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 86:99–101PubMedCrossRef
Delfino JG, Krainak DM, Flesher SA, Miller DL (2019) MRI-related FDA adverse event reports: a 10-yr review. Med Phys 46:5562–5571PubMedCrossRef
Deprest JA, Nicolaides KH, Benachi A, Gratacos E, Ryan G, Persico N, Sago H, Johnson A, Wielgoś M, Berg C, Van Calster B, Russo FM, TOTAL Trial for Severe Hypoplasia Investigators (2021) Randomized trial of fetal surgery for severe left diaphragmatic hernia. N Engl J Med 385:107–118PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Di Mascio D, Sileo FG, Khalil A, Rizzo G, Persico N, Brunelli R, Giancotti A, Panici PB, Acharya G, D’Antonio F (2019) Role of magnetic resonance imaging in fetuses with mild or moderate ventriculomegaly in the era of fetal neurosonography: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 54:164–171PubMedCrossRef
Di Mascio D, Greco F, Rizzo G, Khalil A, Buca D, Sorrentino F, Vasciaveo L, Greco P, Nappi L, D’Antonio F (2021a) Diagnostic accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in identifying the level of the lesion in fetuses with open spina bifida: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 100:210–219PubMedCrossRef
Di Mascio D, Khalil A, Pilu G, Rizzo G, Caulo M, Liberati M, Giancotti A, Lees C, Volpe P, Buca D, Oronzi L, D’Amico A, Tinari S, Stampalija T, Fantasia I, Pasquini L, Masini G, Brunelli R, D’Ambrosio V, Muzii L, Manganaro L, Antonelli A, Ercolani G, Ciulla S, Saccone G, Maruotti GM, Carbone L, Zullo F, Olivieri C, Ghi T, Frusca T, Dall’Asta A, Visentin S, Cosmi E, Forlani F, Galindo A, Villalain C, Herraiz I, Sileo FG, Mendez Quintero O, Salsi G, Bracalente G, Morales-Roselló J, Loscalzo G, Pellegrino M, De Santis M, Lanzone A, Parazzini C, Lanna M, Ormitti F, Toni F, Murru F, Di Maurizio M, Trincia E, Garcia R, Bennike Bjørn Petersen O, Neerup L, Sandager P, Prefumo F, Pinelli L, Mappa I, Acuti Martellucci C, Flacco ME, Manzoli L, Giangiordano I, Nappi L, Scambia G, Berghella V, D’Antonio F (2021b). Role of prenatal magnetic resonance imaging in fetuses with isolated severe ventriculomegaly at neurosonography: A multicenter study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 267:105–110.
Di Mascio D, Khalil A, Rizzo G, Kasprian G, Caulo M, Manganaro L, Odibo AO, Flacco ME, Giancotti A, Buca D, Liberati M, Timor-Tritsch IE, D’Antonio F (2022) Reference ranges for fetal brain structures using magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 59:296–303PubMedCrossRef
Di Mascio D, Rizzo G, Khalil A, D’Antonio F, ENSO Working Group (2023) Role of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in fetuses with congenital cytomegalovirus infection: multicenter study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 61:67–73PubMedCrossRef
Di Pasquo E, Kuleva M, Arthuis C, Morganelli G, Ormitti F, Millischer AE, Grevent D, Ville Y, Ghi T, Salomon LJ (2022) Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of fetuses with isolated agenesis of septum pellucidum: cohort study and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 59:153–161PubMedCrossRef
Ding W, Gu Y, Wu H, Wang H, Zhang X, Wang H, Huang L, Zhang R, He Q, Zhong W, Lv J, Xia B, Zhang G, Mei S (2023) Mediastinal shift angle (MSA) measurement with MRI: a simple and effective tool for prenatal risk stratification in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Eur Radiol 33:1668–1676PubMedCrossRef
Dong SZ, Zhu M, Ji H, Ren JY, Liu K (2020) Fetal cardiac MRI: a single center experience over 14-years on the potential utility as an adjunct to fetal technically inadequate echocardiography. Sci Rep 10:12373PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
van Doorn M, Rengerink OK, Newsum EA, Reneman L, Majoie CB, Pajkrt E (2016) Added value of fetal MRI in fetuses with suspected brain abnormalities on neurosonography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 29:2949–2961PubMedCrossRef
Dovjak GO, Diogo MC, Brugger PC, Gruber GM, Weber M, Glatter S, Seidl R, Bettelheim D, Prayer D, Kasprian GJ (2020) Quantitative fetal magnetic resonance imaging assessment of cystic posterior fossa malformations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 56:78–85PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Emery SP, Narayanan S, Greene S (2020) Fetal aqueductal stenosis: Prenatal diagnosis and intervention. Prenat Diagn 40:58–65PubMedCrossRef
ENSO Working Group (2020) Role of prenatal magnetic resonance imaging in fetuses with isolated mild or moderate ventriculomegaly in the era of neurosonography: international multicenter study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 56:340–347CrossRef
ENSO Working Group (2021) Role of prenatal magnetic resonance imaging in fetuses with isolated anomalies of corpus callosum: multinational study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 58:26–33CrossRef
European Society of Radiology (ESR), European Federation of Radiographer Societies (EFRS) (2019) Patient safety in medical imaging: a joint paper of the European society of radiology (ESR) and the European federation of radiographer societies (EFRS). Insights Imaging 10:45CrossRef
Familiari A, Liberati M, Lim P, Pagani G, Cali G, Buca D, Manzoli L, Flacco ME, Scambia G, D’Antonio F (2018) Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting the severity of abnormal invasive placenta: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 97:507–520PubMedCrossRef
Finazzo F, D’antonio F, Masselli G, Forlani F, Palacios-Jaraquemada J, Minneci G, Gambarini S, Timor-Tritsch I, Prefumo F, Buca D, Liberati M, Khalil A, Cali G (2020) Interobserver agreement in MRI assessment of severity of placenta accreta spectrum disorders. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 55:467–473PubMedCrossRef
Fogel MA, Wilson RD, Flake A, Johnson M, Cohen D, McNeal G, Tiana ZY, Rychika J (2005) Preliminary investigations into a new method of functional assessment of the fetal heart using a novel application of ‘real-time’ cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Fetal Diagn Ther 20:475–480PubMedCrossRef
Fratelli N, Prefumo F, Maggi C, Cavalli C, Sciarrone A, Garofalo A, Viora E, Vergani P, Ornaghi S, Betti M, Vaglio Tessitore I, Cavaliere AF, Buongiorno S, Vidiri A, Fabbri E, Ferrazzi E, Maggi V, Cetin I, Frusca T, Ghi T, Kaihura C, Di Pasquo E, Stampalija T, Belcaro C, Quadrifoglio M, Veneziano M, Mecacci F, Simeone S, Locatelli A, Consonni S, Chianchiano N, Labate F, Cromi A, Bertucci E, Facchinetti F, Fichera A, Granata D, D’Antonio F, Foti F, Avagliano L, Bulfamante GP, Calì G, ADoPAD (Antenatal Diagnosis of Placental Adhesion Disorders) Working Group (2022) Third-trimester ultrasound for antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum in women with placenta previa: results from the ADoPAD study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 60:381–389PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Frates M, Kumar A, Benson C, Ward V, Tempany C (2004) Fetal anomalies: comparison of MR imaging and US for diagnosis. Radiology 232:398–404PubMedCrossRef
Gadgil N, McClugage SG, Aldave G, Bauer DF, Weiner HL, Huisman TAGM, Sanz-Cortes M, Belfort MA, Emrick L, Clark G, Joyeux L, Whitehead WE (2022) Natural history of posterior fetal cephaloceles and incidence of progressive cephalocele herniation. J Neurosurg Pediatr 22:1–7
Gatta G, Di Grezia G, Cuccurullo V, Sardu C, Iovino F, Comune R, Ruggiero A, Chirico M, La Forgia D, Fanizzi A, Massafra R, Belfiore MP, Falco G, Reginelli A, Brunese L, Grassi R, Cappabianca S, Viola L (2021) MRI in pregnancy and precision medicine: a review from literature. J Pers Med 12:9PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Glenn OA, Cuneo AA, Barkovich AJ, Hashemi Z, Bartha AI, Xu D (2012) Malformations of cortical development: diagnostic accuracy of fetal MR imaging. Radiology 263:843–855PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Goergen SK, Fahey MC (2022) Prenatal MR imaging phenotype of fetuses with tuberous sclerosis: an institutional case series and literature review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 43:633–638PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Griffiths PD, Jarvis D (2016) In utero MR imaging of fetal holoprosencephaly: a structured approach to diagnosis and classification. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 37:536–543PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Griffiths PD, Brackley K, Bradburn M, Connolly DJA, Gawne-Cain ML, Griffiths DI, Kilby MD, Mandefield L, Mooney C, Robson SC, Vollmer B, Mason G (2017a) Anatomical subgroup analysis of the MERIDIAN cohort: ventriculomegaly. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 50:736–744PubMedCrossRef
Griffiths PD, Brackley K, Bradburn M, Connolly DJA, Gawne-Cain ML, Kilby MD, Mandefield L, Mooney C, Robson SC, Vollmer B, Mason G (2017b) Anatomical subgroup analysis of the MERIDIAN cohort: posterior fossa abnormalities. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 50:745–752PubMedCrossRef
Griffiths PD, Brackley K, Bradburn M, Connolly DJA, Gawne-Cain ML, Griffiths DI, Kilby MD, Mandefield L, Mooney C, Robson SC, Vollmer B, Mason G (2017c) Anatomical subgroup analysis of the MERIDIAN cohort: failed commissuration. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 50:753–760PubMedCrossRef
Griffiths PD, Bradburn M, Campbell MJ, Cooper CL, Graham R, Jarvis D, Kilby MD, Mason G, Mooney C, Robson SC, Wailoo A, MERIDIAN collaborative group (2017d) Use of MRI in the diagnosis of fetal brain abnormalities in utero (MERIDIAN): a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Lancet 389:538–546PubMedCrossRef
Guo Y, Luo BN (2006) The state of the art of fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Chin Med J 119:1294–1299PubMedCrossRef
Gupta N, Gupta A, Kumar A, Kabra M, Sharma R, Gupta AK, Jana M (2022) Post-mortem MRI in stillbirth: normal imaging appearances. Eur J Radiol 148:110166PubMedCrossRef
Haratz KK, Lerman-Sagie T (2018) Prenatal diagnosis of brainstem anomalies. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 22:1016–1026PubMedCrossRef
Haratz KK, Shulevitz SL, Leibovitz Z, Lev D, Shalev J, Tomarkin M, Malinger G, LermanSagie T, Gindes L (2019) Fourth ventricle index: sonographic marker for severe fetal vermian dysgenesis/agenesis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 53:390–395PubMedCrossRef
Haris K, Hedstrom E, Bidhult S, Testud F, Maglaveras N, Heiberg E, Hansson SR, Arheden H, Aletras AH (2017) Self-gated fetal cardiac MRI with tiny golden angle iGRASP: a feasibility study. J Magn Reson Imaging 46:207–217PubMedCrossRef
Heaphy-Henault KJ, Guimaraes CV, Mehollin-Ray AR, Cassady CI, Zhang W, Desai NK, Paldino MJ (2018) Congenital aqueductal stenosis: findings at fetal MRI that accurately predict a postnatal diagnosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 39:942–948PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Hergert B, Tavares de Sousa M, Herrmann J, Bannas P, Huber L, Götz S, Hecher K, Adam G, Dargahpour Barough M, Schoennagel BP (2024) A comparative study of fetal cardiovascular assessment: utilizing Doppler ultrasound gated MRI and echocardiography with detailed analysis using five axial views. Front Cardiovasc Med 11:1408071
Hooker JD, Khan MA, Farkas AB, Lirette ST, Joyner DA, Gordy DP, Storrs JM, Roda MS, Bofill JA, Smith AD, James JR (2020) Third-trimester in utero fetal brain diffusion tensor imaging fiber tractography: a prospective longitudinal characterization of normal white matter tract development. Pediatr Radiol 50:973–983PubMedCrossRef
Jakab A, Payette K, Mazzone L, Schauer S, Muller CO, Kottke R, Ochsenbein-Kölble N, Tuura R, Moehrlen U, Meuli M (2021) Emerging magnetic resonance imaging techniques in open spina bifida in utero. Eur Radiol Exp 5:23PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Jansz MS, Seed M, Van Amerom JFP, Wong D, Grosse-Wortmann L, Yoo SJ, Macgowan CK (2010) Metric optimized gating for fetal cardiac MRI. Magn Reson Med 64:1304–1314PubMedCrossRef
Jauniaux E, Bhide A (2017) Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and outcome of placenta previa accreta after cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 217:27–36PubMedCrossRef
Jauniaux E, Bhide A, Kennedy A, Woodward P, Hubinont C, Collins S, FIGO Placenta Accreta Diagnosis and Management Expert Consensus Panel (2018) FIGO consensus guidelines on placenta accreta spectrum disorders: Prenatal diagnosis and screening. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 140(3):274–280PubMedCrossRef
Ji H, Dong SZ (2018) Magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of foetal multicystic dysplastic kidney. Eur J Radiol 108:128–132PubMedCrossRef
Kang X, Carlin A, Cannie MM, Sanchez TC, Jani JC (2020) Fetal postmortem imaging: an overview of current techniques and future perspectives. Am J Obstet Gynecol 223:493–515PubMedCrossRef
Karimi D, Jaimes C, Machado-Rivas F, Vasung L, Khan S, Warfield SK, Gholipour A (2021) Deep learning-based parameter estimation in fetal diffusion-weighted MRI. Neuroimage 243:118482PubMedCrossRef
Kasprian G, Brugger PC, Weber M, Krssák M, Krampl E, Herold C, Prayer D (2008) In utero tractography of fetal white matter development. Neuroimage 43:213–224PubMedCrossRef
Kasprian G, Brugger PC, Schöpf V, Mitter C, Weber M, Hainfellner JA, Prayer D (2013) Assessing prenatal white matter connectivity in commissural agenesis. Brain 136:168–179PubMedCrossRef
Kasprian GJ, Paldino MJ, Mehollin-Ray AR, Shetty A, Williams JL, Lee W, Cassady CI (2015) Prenatal imaging of occipital encephaloceles. Fetal Diagn Ther 37:241–248PubMedCrossRef
Keevil S (2016) Safety in magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Med Phys 4:26–34
Knapp J, Tavares de Sousa M, Schönnagel BP (2022) Fetal cardiovascular MRI – A systemic review of the literature: challenges, new technical developments, and perspectives. Rofo 194:841–851PubMedCrossRef
Kording F, Yamamura J, Tavares De Sousa M, Ruprecht C, Hedström E, Aletras AH, Grant EP, Powell AJ, Fehrs K, Adam G, Kooijman H, Schoennagel BP (2018) Dynamic fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging using Doppler ultrasound gating. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 20:17PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Kutuk MS, Gorkem SB, Bayram A, Doganay S, Canpolat M, Basbug M (2015) Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcome of schizencephaly. J Child Neurol 30:1388–1394PubMedCrossRef
Le Bihan D, Johansen-Berg H (2012) Diffusion MRI at 25: exploring brain tissue structure and function. Neuroimage 61:324–341PubMedCrossRef
Leibovitz Z, Lerman-Sagie T (2018) Diagnostic approach to fetal microcephaly. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 22:935–943PubMedCrossRef
Leibovitz Z, Daniel-Spiegel E, Malinger G, Haratz K, Tamarkin M, Gindes L, Schreiber L, Ben-Sira L, Lev D, Shapiro I, Bakry H, Weizman B, Zreik A, Egenburg S, Arad A, Tepper R, Kidron D, Lerman-Sagie T (2016) Prediction of microcephaly at birth using three reference ranges for fetal head circumference: can we improve prenatal diagnosis? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 47:586–592PubMedCrossRef
Leibovitz Z, Guibaud L, Garel C, Massoud M, Karl K, Malinger G, Haratz KK, Gindes L, Tamarkin M, Ben-Sira L, Lev D, Shalev J, Brasseur-Daudruy M, Contreras Gutierrez de Piñeres CA, Lerman-Sagie T (2018) The cerebellar “tilted telephone receiver sign” enables prenatal diagnosis of PHACES syndrome. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 22:900–909PubMedCrossRef
Leitner Y, Goez H, Gull I, Mesterman R, Weiner E, Jaffa A, Harel S (2004) Antenatal diagnosis of central nervous system anomalies: can we predict prognosis. J Child Neurol 19:435–438PubMedCrossRef
Lerman-Sagie T, Leibovitz Z (2016) Malformations of cortical development: from postnatal to fetal imaging. Can J Neurol Sci 43:611–618PubMedCrossRef
Lerman-Sagie T, Pogledic I, Leibovitz Z, Malinger G (2021) A practical approach to prenatal diagnosis of malformations of cortical development. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 34:50–61PubMedCrossRef
Lipitz S, Elkan Miller T, Yinon Y, Weissbach T, De-Castro H, Hoffman C, Katorza E, Weisz B (2020) Revisiting short- and long-term outcome after fetal first-trimester primary cytomegalovirus infection in relation to prenatal imaging findings. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 56:572–578PubMedCrossRef
Liu YP, Cheng SJ, Shih SL, Huang JK (2006) Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease: appearance on fetal MRI. Pediatr Radiol 36:169PubMedCrossRef
Lloyd DFA, van Poppel MPM, Pushparajah K, Vigneswaran TV, Zidere V, Steinweg J, van Amerom JFP, Roberts TA, Schulz A, Charakida M, Miller O, Sharland G, Rutherford M, Hajnal JV, Simpson JM, Razavi R (2021) Analysis of 3-dimensional arch anatomy, vascular flow, and postnatal outcome in cases of suspected coarctation of the aorta using fetal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 14:e12411PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Machado-Rivas F, Afacan O, Khan S, Marami B, Rollins CK, Ortinau C, Velasco-Annis C, Warfield SK, Gholipour A, Jaimes C (2021) Tractography of the cerebellar peduncles in second- and third-trimester fetuses. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 42:194–200PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Maduram A, Farid N, Rakow-Penner R, Ghassemi N, Khanna PC, Robbins SL, Hull A, Gold J, Pretorius DH (2020) Fetal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings in suspected septo-optic dysplasia: a diagnostic dilemma. J Ultrasound Med 39:1601–1614PubMedCrossRef
Malinger G, Lev D, Ben-Sira L, Hoffmann C, Vinkler H, Viñals F, Herrera M et al (2011) Can syndromic macrocephaly be diagnosed in utero. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37:72–81PubMedCrossRef
Malinger G, Lev D, Oren M, Lerman-Sagie T (2012) Non-visualization of the cavum septi pellucidi is not synonymous with agenesis of the corpus callosum. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 40:165–170PubMedCrossRef
Malinger G, Paladini D, Haratz KK, Monteagudo A, Pilu G, Timor-Tritsch IE (2020) ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): sonographic examination of the fetal central nervous system. Part 1: performance of screening examination and indications for targeted neurosonography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 56:476–484PubMedCrossRef
Malinger G, Prabhu A, Maroto González A, Brusilov M, Kidron D, Amster R, Birnbaum R, Haratz KK (2023) Fetal neurosonography as an accurate tool for diagnosis of brain involvement in tuberous sclerosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 62:391–397CrossRefPubMed
Manganaro L, Saldari M, Bernardo S, Vinci V, Aliberti C, Sollazzo P, Giancotti A, Capozza F, Porpora MG, Cozzi DA, Catalano C (2015) Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the prenatal diagnosis of gastrointestinal fetal anomalies. Radiol Med 120:393–403PubMedCrossRef
Maria BL, Quisling RG, Rosainz LC, Yachnis AT, Gitten J, Dede D, Fennell E (1999) Molar tooth sign in Joubert syndrome: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic significance. J Child Neurol 14:368–376PubMedCrossRef
Massoud M, Cagneaux M, Garel C, Varene N, Moutard ML, Billette T, Benezit A, Rougeot C, Jouannic JM, Massardier J, Gaucherand P, Desportes V, Guibaud L (2014) Prenatal unilateral cerebellar hypoplasia in a series of 26 cases: significance and implications for prenatal diagnosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 44:447–454PubMedCrossRef
Maurea S, Romeo V, Mainenti PP, Ginocchio MI, Frauenfelder G, Verde F, Liuzzi R, D’Armiento M, Sarno L, Morlando M, Petretta M, Martinelli P, Brunetti A (2018) Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in assessing placental adhesion disorder in patients with placenta previa: correlation with histological findings. Eur J Radiol 106:77–84PubMedCrossRef
Miller E, Orman G, Huisman TAGM (2021) Fetal MRI assessment of posterior fossa anomalies: a review. J Neuroimaging 31:620–640PubMedCrossRef
Millischer AE, Grevent D, Rousseau V, O’Gorman N, Sonigo P, Bessieres B, Ville Y, Boddaert N, Salomon LJ (2017) Fetal MRI compared with ultrasound for the diagnosis of obstructive genital malformations. Prenat Diagn 37:1138–1145PubMedCrossRef
Mitchell LA, Simon EM, Filly RA, Barkovich AJ (2000) Antenatal diagnosis of subependymal heterotopias. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21:296–300PubMedPubMedCentral
Mittendorff L, Young A, Sim J (2022) A narrative review of current and emerging MRI safety issues: what every MRI technologist (radiographer) needs to know. J Med Radiat Sci 69:250–260PubMedCrossRef
Mullassery D, Ba’ath ME, Jesudason EC, Losty PD (2010) Value of liver herniation in prediction of outcome in fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 35:609–614PubMedCrossRef
Murbach M, Neufeld E, Samaras T, Córcoles J, Robb FJ, Kainz W, Kuster N (2017) Pregnant women models analyzed for RF exposure and temperature increase in 3T RF shimmed birdcages. Magn Reson Med 77:2048–2056PubMedCrossRef
Nabavizadeh SA, Zarnow D, Bilaniuk LT, Schwartz ES, Zimmerman RA, Vossough A (2014) Correlation of prenatal and postnatal MRI findings in schizencephaly. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 35:1418–1424PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Nagaraj UD, Bierbrauer KS, Zhang B, Peiro JL, Kline-Fath BM (2017) Hindbrain herniation in Chiari II malformation on fetal and postnatal MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 38:1031–1036PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Nagaraj UD, Calvo-Garcia MA, Merrow AC, Zhang B, Tkach JA, Kline-Fath BM (2021a) Utilization of 3-T fetal magnetic resonance imaging in clinical practice: a single-institution experience. Pediatr Radiol 51:1798–1808PubMedCrossRef
Nagaraj UD, Kline-Fath BM, Horn PS, Venkatesan C (2021b) Evaluation of posterior fossa biometric measurements on fetal MRI in the evaluation of dandy-walker continuum. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 42:1716–1721PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Nakagawa M, Hara M, Shibamoto Y (2013) MRI findings in fetuses with an abdominal wall defect: gastroschisis, omphalocele, and cloacal exstrophy. Jpn J Radiol 31:153–159PubMedCrossRef
Pagani G, Cali G, Acharya G, Trisch IT, Palacios-Jaraquemada J, Familiari A, Buca D, Manzoli L, Flacco ME, Fanfani F, Liberati M, Scambia G, D’Antonio F (2018) Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in detecting the severity of abnormally invasive placentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 97:25–37PubMedCrossRef
Paladini D, Donarini G, Parodi S, Chaoui R (2019a) Differentiating features of posterior fossa at 12–13 weeks’ gestation in fetuses with Dandy-Walker malformation and Blake’s pouch cyst. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 53:850–852PubMedCrossRef
Paladini D, Donarini G, Parodi S, Volpe G, Sglavo G, Fulcheri E (2019b) Hindbrain morphometry and choroid plexus position in differential diagnosis of posterior fossa cystic malformations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 54:207–214PubMedCrossRef
Paladini D, Malinger G, Birnbaum R, Monteagudo A, Pilu G, Salomon LJ, Timor-Tritsch IE (2021) ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): sonographic examination of the fetal central nervous system. Part 2: performance of targeted neurosonography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 57:661–671PubMedCrossRef
Pardy C, D’Antonio F, Khalil A, Giuliani S (2019) Prenatal detection of esophageal atresia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 98:689–699PubMedCrossRef
Pinchefsky EF, Accogli A, Shevell MI, Saint-Martin C, Srour M (2019) Developmental outcomes in children with congenital cerebellar malformations. Dev Med Child Neurol 61:350–358PubMedCrossRef
Pooh RK, Machida M, Nakamura T, Uenishi K, Chiyo H, Itoh K, Yoshimatsu J, Ueda H, Ogo K, Chaemsaithong P, Poon LC (2019) Increased Sylvian fissure angle as early sonographic sign of malformation of cortical development. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 54:199–206PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Prayer F, Metzelder M, Krois W, Brugger PC, Gruber GM, Weber M, Scharrer A, Rokitansky A, Langs G, Prayer D, Unger E, Kasprian G (2019) Three-dimensional reconstruction of defects in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a fetal MRI study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 53:816–826PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Prayer D, Malinger G, De Catte L, De Keersmaecker B, Goncalves LF, Kasprian G, Laifer-Narin S, Lee W, Millischer A-E, Platt L, Prayer F, Pugash D, Salomon LJ, Sanz Cortes M, Stuhr F, Timor-Tritsch IE, Tutschek B, Twickler D, Raine-Fenning N, the ISUOG Clinical Standards Committee (2023) ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): performance of fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 61:278–287PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Prola-Netto J, Woods M, Roberts VHJ, Sullivan EL, Miller CA, Frias AE, Oh KY (2018) Gadolinium chelate safety in pregnancy: barely detectable gadolinium levels in the juvenile nonhuman primate after in utero exposure. Radiology 286:122–128PubMedCrossRef
Quarello E, Stirnemann J, Ville Y, Guibaud L (2008) Assessment of fetal Sylvian fissure operculization between 22 and 32 weeks: a subjective approach. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 32:44–49PubMedCrossRef
Quarello E, Molho M, Garel C, Couture A, Legac MP, Moutard ML, Bault JP, Fallet-Bianco C, Guibaud L (2014) Prenatal abnormal features of the fourth ventricle in Joubert syndrome and related disorders. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 43:227–232PubMedCrossRef
Rakic P, Yakovlev PI (1968) Development of the corpus callosum and cavum septi in man. J Comp Neurol 132:45–72PubMedCrossRef
Ramenghi LA, Bassi L, Fumagalli M, Ometto A, Groppo M, De Carli A, Pisoni S, Dessimone F, Farè P, Mosca F (2010) Neonatal stroke. Minerva Pediatr 62:177–179PubMed
Ramirez-Suarez KI, Tierradentro-García LO, Otero HJ, Rapp JB, White AM, Partington SL, Harris MA, Vatsky SA, Whitehead KK, Fogel MA, Biko DM (2022) Optimizing neonatal cardiac imaging (magnetic resonance/computed tomography). Pediatr Radiol 52:661–675PubMedCrossRef
Rault E, Lacalm A, Massoud M, Massardier J, Di Rocco F, Gaucherand P, Guibaud L (2018) The many faces of prenatal imaging diagnosis of primitive aqueduct obstruction. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 22:910–918PubMedCrossRef
Ray JG, Vermeulen MJ, Bharatha A, Montanera WJ, Park AL (2016) Association between MRI exposure during pregnancy and fetal and childhood outcomes. JAMA 316:952–961PubMedCrossRef
Riddle A, Nagaraj U, Hopkin RJ, Kline-Fath B, Venkatesan C (2021) Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in holoprosencephaly and associations with clinical outcome: implications for fetal counseling. J Child Neurol 36:357–364PubMedCrossRef
Rodrigues K, Grant PE (2011) Diffusion-weighted imaging in neonates. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 21:127–151PubMedCrossRef
Roy CW, van Amerom JFP, Marini D, Seed M, Macgowan CK (2019) Fetal cardiac MRI: a review of technical advancements. Top Magn Reson Imaging 28:235–244PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Rubio EI, Blask AR, Badillo AT, Bulas DI (2017) Prenatal magnetic resonance and ultrasonographic findings in small-bowel obstruction: imaging clues and postnatal outcomes. Pediatr Radio 47:411–421CrossRef
Ryd D, Fricke K, Bhat M, Arheden H, Liuba P, Hedström E (2021) Utility of fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance for prenatal diagnosis of complex congenital heart defects. Jama Netw Open 4:e213538PubMedCrossRef
Rypens F, Metens T, Rocourt N, Sonigo P, Brunelle F, Quere MP, Guibaud L, MaugeyLaulom B, Durand C, Avni FE, Eurin D (2001) Fetal lung volume: estimation at MR imaging-initialresults. Radiology 219:236–241PubMedCrossRef
Salomon LJ, Sonigo P, Ou P, Ville Y, Brunelle F (2009) Real-time fetal magnetic resonance imaging for the dynamic visualization of the pouch in esophageal atresia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 34(4):471–474PubMedCrossRef
Salsi G, Volpe G, Montaguti E, Fanelli T, Toni F, Maffei M, Votino C, Pompilii E, Pilu G, Volpe P (2021) Isolated upward rotation of the fetal cerebellar vermis (Blake’s pouch cyst) is a normal variant: an analysis of 111 cases. Fetal Diagn Ther 48:485–492PubMedCrossRef
Sanz Cortes M, Chmait RH, Lapa DA, Belfort MA, Carreras E, Miller JL, Brawura Biskupski Samaha R, Sepulveda Gonzalez G, Gielchinsky Y, Yamamoto M, Persico N, Santorum M, Otaño L, Nicolaou E, Yinon Y, Faig-Leite F, Brandt R, Whitehead W, Maiz N, Baschat A, Kosinski P, Nieto-Sanjuanero A, Chu J, Kershenovich A, Nicolaides KH (2021) Experience of 300 cases of prenatal fetoscopic open spina bifida repair: report of the international fetoscopic neural tube defect repair consortium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 225:678.e1–678.e11PubMedCrossRef
Schlatterer SD, Sanapo L, du Plessis AJ, Whitehead MT, Mulkey SB (2021) The role of fetal MRI for suspected anomalies of the posterior fossa. Pediatr Neurol 117:10–18PubMedCrossRef
Schneider J, Mohr N, Aliatakis N, Seidel U, John R, Promnitz G, Spors B, Kaindl AM (2021) Brain malformations and cognitive performance in spina bifida. Dev Med Child Neurol 63:295–302PubMedCrossRef
Sepulveda W, Sepulveda F, Ranzini AC (2023) Role of fetal MRI in differentiating isolated septal agenesis from septo-optic dysplasia: case study and review. Fetal Diagn Ther 50:165–174PubMedCrossRef
Sezen P, Prayer F, Prayer D, Kasprian G, Metzelder M (2021) Is fetal magnetic resonance imaging volumetry of eventrated organs in gastroschisis predictive for surgical treatment? Pediatr Radiol 51:1818–1825PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Shellock FG, Crues JV (2004) MR procedures: biologic effects, safety, and patient care. Radiology 232:635–652PubMedCrossRef
Shelmerdine SC, Hutchinson JC, Lewis C, Simcock IC, Sekar T, Sebire NJ, Arthurs OJ (2021) A pragmatic evidence-based approach to post-mortem perinatal imaging. Insights Imaging 12:101PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Shinar S, Blaser S, Chitayat D, Selvanathan T, Chau V, Shannon P, Agrawal S, Ryan G, Pruthi V, Miller SP, Krishnan P, Van Mieghem T (2020) Long-term postnatal outcome of fetuses with prenatally suspected septo-optic dysplasia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 56:371–377PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Shruthi M, Gupta N, Jana M, Mridha AR, Kumar A, Agarwal R, Sharma R, Deka D, Gupta AK, Kabra M (2018) Conventional vs virtual autopsy with postmortem MRI in phenotypic characterization of stillbirths and fetal malformations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 51:236–245PubMedCrossRef
Sileo FG, Di Mascio D, Rizzo G, Caulo M, Manganaro L, Bertucci E, Masmejan S, Liberati M, D’Amico A, Nappi L, Buca D, Van Mieghem T, Khalil A, D’Antonio F (2021) Role of prenatal magnetic resonance imaging in fetuses with isolated agenesis of corpus callosum in the era of fetal neurosonography: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 100:7–16PubMedCrossRef
Spahiu L, Behluli E, Grajçevci-Uka V, Liehr T, Temaj G (2023) Joubert syndrome: molecular basis and treatment. J Mother Child 26:118–123PubMedPubMedCentral
Srour M, Rioux MF, Varga C, Lortie A, Major P, Robitaille Y, Décarie JC, Michaud J, Carmant L (2011) The clinical spectrum of nodular heterotopias in children: report of 31 patients. Epilepsia 52:728–737PubMedCrossRef
Stroustrup Smith A, Levine D, Barnes PD, Robertson RL (2005) Magnetic resonance imaging of the kinked fetal brain stem: a sign of severe dysgenesis. J Ultrasound Med 24:1697–1709PubMedCrossRef
Syngelaki A, Guerra L, Ceccacci I, Efeturk T, Nicolaides KH (2017) Impact of holoprosencephaly, exomphalos, megacystis and increased nuchal translucency on firsttrimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 50:45–48PubMedCrossRef
Syngelaki A, Hammami A, Bower S, Zidere V, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH (2019) Diagnosis of fetal non-chromosomal abnormalities on routine ultrasound examination at 11–13 weeks’ gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 54:468–476PubMedCrossRef
Tavano I, De Keersmaecker B, Aertsen M, De Catte L (2022) Prenatal diagnosis of middle interhemispheric variant of holoprosencephaly: review of literature and prenatal case series. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 35:4976–4984PubMedCrossRef
Tavares de Sousa M, Hecher K, Yamamura J, Kording F, Ruprecht C, Fehrs K, Behzadi C, Adam G, Schoennagel BP (2019) Dynamic fetal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in four-chamber view using Doppler ultrasound gating in normal fetal heart and in congenital heart disease: comparison with fetal echocardiography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 53:669–675PubMedCrossRef
Ulm B, Dovjak GO, Scharrer A, Muin DA, Zimpfer D, Prayer D, Weber M, Berger-Kulemann V (2021) Diagnostic quality of 3Tesla postmortem magnetic resonance imaging in fetuses with and without congenital heart disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 225:189.e1–189.e30PubMedCrossRef
Victoria T, Jaramillo D, Roberts TPL, Zarnow D, Johnson AM, Delgado J, Rubesova E, Vossough A (2014) Fetal magnetic resonance imaging: jumping from 1.5 to 3 tesla (preliminary experience). Pediatr Radiol 44:376–386PubMedCrossRef
Vollbrecht TM, Hart C, Zhang S, Katemann C, Isaak A, Pieper CC, Kuetting D, Faridi B, Strizek B, Attenberger U, Kipfmueller F, Herberg U, Geipel A, Luetkens JA (2023) Fetal cardiac cine MRI with doppler US gating in complex congenital heart disease. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 5:e220129PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Volpe P, Contro E, De Musso F, Ghi T, Farina A, Tempesta A, Volpe G, Rizzo N, Pilu G (2012) Brainstem-vermis and brainstem-tentorium angles allow accurate categorization of fetal upward rotation of cerebellar vermis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 39:632–635PubMedCrossRef
Volpe P, De Robertis V, Volpe G, Boito S, Fanelli T, Olivieri C, Votino C, Persico N (2021) Position of the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle in first- and second-trimester fetuses: a novel approach to early diagnosis of cystic posterior fossa anomalies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 58:568–575PubMedCrossRef
Vonzun L, Kahr MK, Wille D, Kottke R, Moehrlen U, Meuli M, Ochsenbein-Kölble N, Kraehenmann F, Zimmermann R, Mazzone L (2022) Determination of anatomical levels in spina bifida fetuses with ultrasound and MRI. Ultraschall Med 43:181–185PubMedCrossRef
Weichert J, Hoellen F, Krapp M, Germer U, Axt-Fliedner R, Kempe A, Geipel A, Berg C, Gembruch U (2017) Fetal cephaloceles: prenatal diagnosis and course of pregnancy in 65 consecutive cases. Arch Gynecol Obstet 296:455–463PubMedCrossRef
Weiss DA, Oliver ER, Borer JG, Kryger JV, Roth EB, Groth TW, Shukla AR, Mitchell ME, Canning DA, Victoria T (2020) Key anatomic findings on fetal ultrasound and MRI in the prenatal diagnosis of bladder and cloacal exstrophy. J Pediatr Urol 16:665–671PubMedCrossRef
Weller K, Peters NCJ, van Rosmalen J, Cochius-Den Otter SCM, DeKoninck PLJ, Wijnen RMH, Cohen-Overbeek TE, Eggink AJ (2022) Prenatal stomach position and volume in relation to postnatal outcomes in left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Prenat Diagn 42:338–347PubMedCrossRef
Whitehead MT, Barkovich MJ, Sidpra J, Alves CA, Mirsky DM, Öztekin Ö, Bhattacharya D, Lucato LT, Sudhakar S, Taranath A, Andronikou S, Prabhu SP, Aldinger KA, Haldipur P, Millen KJ, Barkovich AJ, Boltshauser E, Dobyns WB, Mankad K (2022) Refining the neuroimaging definition of the dandy-walker phenotype. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 43:1488–1493PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Yamashita Y, Namimoto T, Abe Y, Takahashi M, Iwamasa J, Miyazaki K, Okamura H (1997) MR imaging of the fetus by a HASTE sequence. Am J Roentgenol 168:513–519CrossRef
Zhao D, Cai A, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang B (2018) Measurement of normal fetal cerebellar vermis at 24–32 weeks of gestation by transabdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging: A prospective comparative study. Eur J Radiol 100:30–35PubMedCrossRef
Zizka J, Elias P, Hodik K, Tintera J, Juttnerova V, Belobradek Z, Klzo L (2006) Liver, meconium, haemorrhage: the value of T1-weighted images in fetal MRI. Pediatr Radiol 36:792–801PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Fetale Magnetresonanztomographie
verfasst von
Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Manuela Tavares de Sousa
Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Jochen Herrmann
Copyright-Jahr
2025
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch
Ultraschalldiagnostik in Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie

Print ISBN: 978-3-662-67372-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-67373-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2025

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67373-7_17