Skip to main content

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

17. Fetale Magnetresonanztomographie

verfasst von : Dr. med. C. C. Remus, Dr. med. R. Milos, Dr. med. U. Wedegärtner

Erschienen in: Ultraschalldiagnostik in Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Die fetale Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) hat in den letzten Jahren erheblich an klinischer Bedeutung gewonnen. Sie ist in der pränatalen Diagnostik als zusätzliches, komplementäres Verfahren zur Standardmethode, dem Ultraschall, zu sehen. Die meisten fetalen MRT-Untersuchungen werden zur Abklärung unklarer ZNS-Befunde angefertigt, aber auch Fragestellungen zu Thorax, Abdomen oder Urogenitalsystem werden bearbeitet. Das Kapitel erläutert verschiedene Aspekte der fetalen MRT-Bildgebung, die von technischen und sicherheitsrelevanten bis hin zu den diagnostischen Möglichkeiten reichen. Bisher gibt es in der Literatur keine standardisierten Kriterien, wann ein ergänzendes fetales MRT sinnvoll ist. Zur Einordnung der Wertigkeit der fetalen MRT existieren einige Studien, die Ultraschall und MRT vergleichen. Diese Studien werden dargelegt und kritisch diskutiert. Einigkeit besteht, dass die diagnostische Wertigkeit der ergänzenden fetalen MRT in der fortgeschrittenen Schwangerschaft erhöht ist. Es muss immer daran erinnert werden, dass sowohl Ultraschall als auch MRT untersucherabhängige Verfahren sind. Wichtig sind vor allem die interdisziplinäre Kooperation und die gemeinsame Diagnosefindung anhand aller verfügbaren Befunde.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Achiron R, Schimmel M, Achiron A, Mashiach S (1993) Fetal mild idiopathic lateral ventriculomegaly: is there a correlation with fetal trisomy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 3: 89–92 Achiron R, Schimmel M, Achiron A, Mashiach S (1993) Fetal mild idiopathic lateral ventriculomegaly: is there a correlation with fetal trisomy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 3: 89–92
Zurück zum Zitat Adzick NS, Thom EA, Spong CY, Brock JW 3rd, Burrows PK, Johnson MP, Howell LJ, Farrell JA, Dabrowiak ME, Sutton LN, Gupta N, Tulipan NB, D’Alton ME, Farmer DL; MOMS Investigators (2011) A randomized trial of prenatal versus postnatal repair of myelomeningocele. N Engl J Med 364: 993–1004 Adzick NS, Thom EA, Spong CY, Brock JW 3rd, Burrows PK, Johnson MP, Howell LJ, Farrell JA, Dabrowiak ME, Sutton LN, Gupta N, Tulipan NB, D’Alton ME, Farmer DL; MOMS Investigators (2011) A randomized trial of prenatal versus postnatal repair of myelomeningocele. N Engl J Med 364: 993–1004
Zurück zum Zitat Aitken LA, Lindan CE, Sidney S, Gupta N, Barkovich AJ, Sorel M, Wu YW (2009) Chiari type I malformation in a pediatric population. Pediatr Neurol 40: 449–454 Aitken LA, Lindan CE, Sidney S, Gupta N, Barkovich AJ, Sorel M, Wu YW (2009) Chiari type I malformation in a pediatric population. Pediatr Neurol 40: 449–454
Zurück zum Zitat Alamo L, Laswad T, Schnyder P, Meuli R, Vial Y, Osterheld M-C, Gudinchet F (2010) Fetal MRI as complement to US in the diagnosis and characterization of anomalies of the genito-urinary tract. Eur J Radiol 76: 258–264 Alamo L, Laswad T, Schnyder P, Meuli R, Vial Y, Osterheld M-C, Gudinchet F (2010) Fetal MRI as complement to US in the diagnosis and characterization of anomalies of the genito-urinary tract. Eur J Radiol 76: 258–264
Zurück zum Zitat Alamo L, Gudinchet F, Meuli R (2015) Imaging findings in fetal diaphragmatic abnormalities. Pediatr Radiol 45: 1887–1900 Alamo L, Gudinchet F, Meuli R (2015) Imaging findings in fetal diaphragmatic abnormalities. Pediatr Radiol 45: 1887–1900
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Assiri A, Wiseman N, Bunge M (2005) Prenatal diagnosis of intrathoracic stomach (gastric herniation). J Pediatr Surg 40: E15–E17 Al-Assiri A, Wiseman N, Bunge M (2005) Prenatal diagnosis of intrathoracic stomach (gastric herniation). J Pediatr Surg 40: E15–E17
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Hussein HA, Graham EM, Tekes A, Huisman TAGM (2011) Pre- and postnatal imaging of a congenital hepatoblastoma. Fetal Diagn Ther 30: 157–159 Al-Hussein HA, Graham EM, Tekes A, Huisman TAGM (2011) Pre- and postnatal imaging of a congenital hepatoblastoma. Fetal Diagn Ther 30: 157–159
Zurück zum Zitat Ando K, Ishikura R, Ogawa M, Shakudo M, Takada Y, Minagawa K, Tanaka H, et al (2007) MRI tight posterior fossa sign for prenatal diagnosis of Chiari type II malformation. Neuroradiology 49: 1033–1039 Ando K, Ishikura R, Ogawa M, Shakudo M, Takada Y, Minagawa K, Tanaka H, et al (2007) MRI tight posterior fossa sign for prenatal diagnosis of Chiari type II malformation. Neuroradiology 49: 1033–1039
Zurück zum Zitat Bahado-Singh R, Oz U, Mari G, Jones D, Paidas M, Onderoglu L (1998) Fetal splenic size in anemia due to Rh-alloimmunization. Obstet Gynecol 92: 828–832 Bahado-Singh R, Oz U, Mari G, Jones D, Paidas M, Onderoglu L (1998) Fetal splenic size in anemia due to Rh-alloimmunization. Obstet Gynecol 92: 828–832
Zurück zum Zitat Baker PN, Johnson IR, Harvey PR, Gowland PA, Mansfield P (1994) A three-year follow-up of children imaged in utero with echo-planar magnetic resonance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170: 32–33 Baker PN, Johnson IR, Harvey PR, Gowland PA, Mansfield P (1994) A three-year follow-up of children imaged in utero with echo-planar magnetic resonance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170: 32–33
Zurück zum Zitat Barkovich AJ, Rowley H, Bollen A (1995) Correlation of prenatal events with the development of polymicrogyria. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16: 822–827 Barkovich AJ, Rowley H, Bollen A (1995) Correlation of prenatal events with the development of polymicrogyria. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16: 822–827
Zurück zum Zitat Basser PJ, Pajevic S, Pierpaoli C, Duda J, Aldroubi A (2000) In vivo fiber tractography using DT-MRI data. Magn Reson Med 44: 625–632 Basser PJ, Pajevic S, Pierpaoli C, Duda J, Aldroubi A (2000) In vivo fiber tractography using DT-MRI data. Magn Reson Med 44: 625–632
Zurück zum Zitat Biran-Gol Y, Malinger G, Cohen H, Davidovitch M, Lev D, Lerman-Sagie T, Schweiger A (2010) Developmental outcome of isolated fetal macrocephaly. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 36: 147–153 Biran-Gol Y, Malinger G, Cohen H, Davidovitch M, Lev D, Lerman-Sagie T, Schweiger A (2010) Developmental outcome of isolated fetal macrocephaly. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 36: 147–153
Zurück zum Zitat Boddaert N, Klein O, Ferguson N, Sonigo P, Baraton J, Hertz-Pannier L, Parisot D, et al (2003) Intellectual prognosis of the Dandy-Walker malformation in children: the importance of vermian lobulation. Neuroradiology 45: 320–324 Boddaert N, Klein O, Ferguson N, Sonigo P, Baraton J, Hertz-Pannier L, Parisot D, et al (2003) Intellectual prognosis of the Dandy-Walker malformation in children: the importance of vermian lobulation. Neuroradiology 45: 320–324
Zurück zum Zitat Braillon A (2010) Practice parameter: evaluation of the child with microcephaly (an evidence-based review): report of the quality standards subcommittee of the American Academy Of Neurology and the Practice Committee Of The Child Neurology Society. Neurology 74: 1079–1080 (author reply 1080) Braillon A (2010) Practice parameter: evaluation of the child with microcephaly (an evidence-based review): report of the quality standards subcommittee of the American Academy Of Neurology and the Practice Committee Of The Child Neurology Society. Neurology 74: 1079–1080 (author reply 1080)
Zurück zum Zitat Brancati F, Dallapiccola B, Valente EM (2010) Joubert Syndrome and related disorders. Orphanet J Rare Dis 5: 20 Brancati F, Dallapiccola B, Valente EM (2010) Joubert Syndrome and related disorders. Orphanet J Rare Dis 5: 20
Zurück zum Zitat Breeze ACG, Alexander PMA, Murdoch EM, Missfelder-Lobos HH, Hackett GA, Lees CC (2007) Obstetric and neonatal outcomes in severe fetal ventriculomegaly. Prenat Diagn 27: 124–129 Breeze ACG, Alexander PMA, Murdoch EM, Missfelder-Lobos HH, Hackett GA, Lees CC (2007) Obstetric and neonatal outcomes in severe fetal ventriculomegaly. Prenat Diagn 27: 124–129
Zurück zum Zitat Büsing KA, Kilian AK, Schaible T, Debus A, Weiss C, Neff KW (2008) Reliability and validity of MR image lung volume measurement in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and in vitro lung models. Radiology 246: 553–561 Büsing KA, Kilian AK, Schaible T, Debus A, Weiss C, Neff KW (2008) Reliability and validity of MR image lung volume measurement in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and in vitro lung models. Radiology 246: 553–561
Zurück zum Zitat Carcopino X, Chaumoitre K, Shojai R, Panuel M, Boubli L, D’Ercole C (2006) Use of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating ileal atresia from meconium ileus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 28: 976–977 Carcopino X, Chaumoitre K, Shojai R, Panuel M, Boubli L, D’Ercole C (2006) Use of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating ileal atresia from meconium ileus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 28: 976–977
Zurück zum Zitat Cardoza JD, Goldstein RB, Filly RA (1988) Exclusion of fetal ventriculomegaly with a single measurement: the width of the lateral ventricular atrium. Radiology 169: 711–714 Cardoza JD, Goldstein RB, Filly RA (1988) Exclusion of fetal ventriculomegaly with a single measurement: the width of the lateral ventricular atrium. Radiology 169: 711–714
Zurück zum Zitat Carroll SG, Porter H, Abdel-Fattah S, Kyle PM, Soothill PW (2000) Correlation of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and pathologic findings in fetal brain abnormalities. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 16: 149–153 Carroll SG, Porter H, Abdel-Fattah S, Kyle PM, Soothill PW (2000) Correlation of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and pathologic findings in fetal brain abnormalities. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 16: 149–153
Zurück zum Zitat Cassart M, Massez A, Metens T, Rypens F, Lambot MA, Hall M, Avni FE (2004) Complementary role of MRI after sonography in assessing bilateral urinary tract anomalies in the fetus. AJR Am J Roentgenol 182: 689–695 Cassart M, Massez A, Metens T, Rypens F, Lambot MA, Hall M, Avni FE (2004) Complementary role of MRI after sonography in assessing bilateral urinary tract anomalies in the fetus. AJR Am J Roentgenol 182: 689–695
Zurück zum Zitat Cassart M, Avni FE, Guibaud L, Molho M, D’Haene N, Paupe A (2011) Fetal liver iron overload: the role of MR imaging. Eur Radiol 21: 295–300 Cassart M, Avni FE, Guibaud L, Molho M, D’Haene N, Paupe A (2011) Fetal liver iron overload: the role of MR imaging. Eur Radiol 21: 295–300
Zurück zum Zitat Chaoui R, Zodan-Marin T, Wisser J (2002) Marked splenomegaly in fetal cytomegalovirus infection: detection supported by three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 20: 299–302 Chaoui R, Zodan-Marin T, Wisser J (2002) Marked splenomegaly in fetal cytomegalovirus infection: detection supported by three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 20: 299–302
Zurück zum Zitat Chaumoitre K, Colavolpe N, Shojai R, Sarran A, Ercole DC, Panuel M (2007) Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) determination in normal and pathological fetal kidneys. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 29: 22–31 Chaumoitre K, Colavolpe N, Shojai R, Sarran A, Ercole DC, Panuel M (2007) Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) determination in normal and pathological fetal kidneys. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 29: 22–31
Zurück zum Zitat Chen CP, Liu YP, Huang JK, Chang TY, Chen MR, Chiu NC, Wang W (2005) Contribution of ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging in prenatal diagnosis of sonographically undetected cerebral tuberous sclerosis associated with cardiac rhabdomyomas. Prenat Diagn 25: 523–524 Chen CP, Liu YP, Huang JK, Chang TY, Chen MR, Chiu NC, Wang W (2005) Contribution of ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging in prenatal diagnosis of sonographically undetected cerebral tuberous sclerosis associated with cardiac rhabdomyomas. Prenat Diagn 25: 523–524
Zurück zum Zitat Craven I, Bradburn MJ, Griffiths PD (2015) Antenatal diagnosis of agenesis of the corpus callosum. Clin Radiol 70: 248–253 Craven I, Bradburn MJ, Griffiths PD (2015) Antenatal diagnosis of agenesis of the corpus callosum. Clin Radiol 70: 248–253
Zurück zum Zitat D’Antonio F, Khalil A, Garel C, Pilu G, Rizzo G, Lerman-Sagie T, Bhide A, Thilaganathan B, Manzoli L, Papageorghiou AT (2016) Systematic review and meta-analysis of isolated posterior fossa malformations on prenatal ultrasound: Nomenclature, diagnostic accuracy and associated anomalies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 47: 690–697 D’Antonio F, Khalil A, Garel C, Pilu G, Rizzo G, Lerman-Sagie T, Bhide A, Thilaganathan B, Manzoli L, Papageorghiou AT (2016) Systematic review and meta-analysis of isolated posterior fossa malformations on prenatal ultrasound: Nomenclature, diagnostic accuracy and associated anomalies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 47: 690–697
Zurück zum Zitat de Sousa M, Remus C, Lüttgen S, Diehl W, Hecher K (2013) Cerebral abnormalities in fetal MRI – prenatal diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 217: 189–190 de Sousa M, Remus C, Lüttgen S, Diehl W, Hecher K (2013) Cerebral abnormalities in fetal MRI – prenatal diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 217: 189–190
Zurück zum Zitat den Hollander NS, Vinkesteijn A, Schmitz-van Splunder P, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, Wladimiroff JW (1998) Prenatally diagnosed fetal ventriculomegaly; prognosis and outcome. Prenat Diagn 18: 557–566 den Hollander NS, Vinkesteijn A, Schmitz-van Splunder P, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, Wladimiroff JW (1998) Prenatally diagnosed fetal ventriculomegaly; prognosis and outcome. Prenat Diagn 18: 557–566
Zurück zum Zitat deVries PA (1980) The pathogenesis of gastroschisis and omphalocele. J Pediatr Surg 15: 245–251 deVries PA (1980) The pathogenesis of gastroschisis and omphalocele. J Pediatr Surg 15: 245–251
Zurück zum Zitat Dobyns WB, Pagon RA, Armstrong D, Curry CJ, Holmes LB, Grix A, Greenberg F, et al (1989) Diagnostic criteria for Walker-Warburg syndrome. Am J Med Genet 32: 195–210 Dobyns WB, Pagon RA, Armstrong D, Curry CJ, Holmes LB, Grix A, Greenberg F, et al (1989) Diagnostic criteria for Walker-Warburg syndrome. Am J Med Genet 32: 195–210
Zurück zum Zitat Dolk H (1991) The predictive value of microcephaly during the first year of life for mental retardation at seven years. Dev Med Child Neurol 33: 974–983 Dolk H (1991) The predictive value of microcephaly during the first year of life for mental retardation at seven years. Dev Med Child Neurol 33: 974–983
Zurück zum Zitat Drugan A, Weissman A, Evans MI (2001) Screening for neural tube defects. Clin Perinatol 28: 279–287 Drugan A, Weissman A, Evans MI (2001) Screening for neural tube defects. Clin Perinatol 28: 279–287
Zurück zum Zitat Dubois J, Dehaene-Lambertz G, Perrin M, Mangin JF, Le Bihan D, Duchesnay E, Cointepas Y, et al (2008) Asynchrony of the early maturation of white matter bundles in healthy infants: quantitative landmarks revealed noninvasively by diffusion tensor imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 29: 14–27 Dubois J, Dehaene-Lambertz G, Perrin M, Mangin JF, Le Bihan D, Duchesnay E, Cointepas Y, et al (2008) Asynchrony of the early maturation of white matter bundles in healthy infants: quantitative landmarks revealed noninvasively by diffusion tensor imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 29: 14–27
Zurück zum Zitat Dubourg C, David V, Gropman A, Mercier S, Muenke M, Odent S, Pineda-Alvarez DE, Roessler E (2010) Clinical utility gene card for: Holoprosencephaly. Eur J Hum Genet 19: 121–121 Dubourg C, David V, Gropman A, Mercier S, Muenke M, Odent S, Pineda-Alvarez DE, Roessler E (2010) Clinical utility gene card for: Holoprosencephaly. Eur J Hum Genet 19: 121–121
Zurück zum Zitat Durfee SM, Kim FM, Benson CB (2001) Postnatal outcome of fetuses with the prenatal diagnosis of asymmetric hydrocephalus. J Ultrasound Med 20: 263–268 Durfee SM, Kim FM, Benson CB (2001) Postnatal outcome of fetuses with the prenatal diagnosis of asymmetric hydrocephalus. J Ultrasound Med 20: 263–268
Zurück zum Zitat Ecker JL, Shipp TD, Bromley B, Benacerraf B (2000) The sonographic diagnosis of Dandy-Walker and Dandy-Walker variant: associated findings and outcomes. Prenat Diagn 20: 328–332 Ecker JL, Shipp TD, Bromley B, Benacerraf B (2000) The sonographic diagnosis of Dandy-Walker and Dandy-Walker variant: associated findings and outcomes. Prenat Diagn 20: 328–332
Zurück zum Zitat Edwards MJ (2006) Review: Hyperthermia and fever during pregnancy. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 76: 507–516 Edwards MJ (2006) Review: Hyperthermia and fever during pregnancy. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 76: 507–516
Zurück zum Zitat Ferland RJ, Batiz LF, Neal J, Lian G, Bundock E, Lu J, Hsiao YC, Diamond R, Mei D, Banham AH, Brown PJ, Vanderburg CR, Joseph J, Hecht JL, Folkerth R, Guerrini R, Walsh CA, Rodriguez EM, Sheen VL (2009) Disruption of neural progenitors along the ventricular and subventricular zones in periventricular heterotopias. Hum Mol Genet 18: 497–516 Ferland RJ, Batiz LF, Neal J, Lian G, Bundock E, Lu J, Hsiao YC, Diamond R, Mei D, Banham AH, Brown PJ, Vanderburg CR, Joseph J, Hecht JL, Folkerth R, Guerrini R, Walsh CA, Rodriguez EM, Sheen VL (2009) Disruption of neural progenitors along the ventricular and subventricular zones in periventricular heterotopias. Hum Mol Genet 18: 497–516
Zurück zum Zitat Fernández-Mayoralas DM, Fernández-Jaén A, Jiménez-De-la-Peña M, Recio-Rodríguez M, Muñoz-Jareño N, Arroyo-González R (2010) Schizencephaly: pre- and postnatal magnetic resonance imaging. J Child Neurol 25: 1020–1023 Fernández-Mayoralas DM, Fernández-Jaén A, Jiménez-De-la-Peña M, Recio-Rodríguez M, Muñoz-Jareño N, Arroyo-González R (2010) Schizencephaly: pre- and postnatal magnetic resonance imaging. J Child Neurol 25: 1020–1023
Zurück zum Zitat Forzano F, Mansour S, Ierullo A, Homfray T, Thilaganathan B (2007) Posterior fossa malformation in fetuses: a report of 56 further cases and a review of the literature. Prenat Diagn 27: 495–501 Forzano F, Mansour S, Ierullo A, Homfray T, Thilaganathan B (2007) Posterior fossa malformation in fetuses: a report of 56 further cases and a review of the literature. Prenat Diagn 27: 495–501
Zurück zum Zitat Fox JW, Lamperti ED, Ekşioğlu YZ, Hong SE, Feng Y, Graham DA, Scheffer IE, Dobyns WB, Hirsch BA, Radtke RA, Berkovic SF, Huttenlocher PR, Walsh CA (1998) Mutations in filamin 1 prevent migration of cerebral cortical neurons in human periventricular heterotopias. Neuron 21: 1315–1325 Fox JW, Lamperti ED, Ekşioğlu YZ, Hong SE, Feng Y, Graham DA, Scheffer IE, Dobyns WB, Hirsch BA, Radtke RA, Berkovic SF, Huttenlocher PR, Walsh CA (1998) Mutations in filamin 1 prevent migration of cerebral cortical neurons in human periventricular heterotopias. Neuron 21: 1315–1325
Zurück zum Zitat Gaglioti P, Danelon D, Bontempo S, Mombrò M, Cardaropoli S, Todros T (2005) Fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly: outcome in 176 cases. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 25: 372–377 Gaglioti P, Danelon D, Bontempo S, Mombrò M, Cardaropoli S, Todros T (2005) Fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly: outcome in 176 cases. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 25: 372–377
Zurück zum Zitat Gaglioti P, Oberto M, Todros T (2009) The significance of fetal ventriculomegaly: etiology, short- and long-term outcomes. Prenat Diagn 29: 381–388 Gaglioti P, Oberto M, Todros T (2009) The significance of fetal ventriculomegaly: etiology, short- and long-term outcomes. Prenat Diagn 29: 381–388
Zurück zum Zitat Garel C, Delezoide AL, Guibaud L, Sebag G, Gressens P, Elmaleh-Bergès M, Hassan M et al. (2004) MRI of the fetal brain: normal development and cerebral pathologies (V. Delezoide, Tran… Springer, Heidelberg, p 267 Garel C, Delezoide AL, Guibaud L, Sebag G, Gressens P, Elmaleh-Bergès M, Hassan M et al. (2004) MRI of the fetal brain: normal development and cerebral pathologies (V. Delezoide, Tran… Springer, Heidelberg, p 267
Zurück zum Zitat Gilles FH, Leviton A, Dooling EC (1983) The Developing human brain. growth and epidemiologic neuropathology. Wright Psg, p 349 Gilles FH, Leviton A, Dooling EC (1983) The Developing human brain. growth and epidemiologic neuropathology. Wright Psg, p 349
Zurück zum Zitat Glenn OA, Barkovich J (2006) Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal brain and spine: an increasingly important tool in prenatal diagnosis: part 2. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27: 1807–1814 Glenn OA, Barkovich J (2006) Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal brain and spine: an increasingly important tool in prenatal diagnosis: part 2. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27: 1807–1814
Zurück zum Zitat Glenn OA, Cuneo AA, Barkovich AJ, Hashemi Z, Bartha AI, Xu D (2012) Malformations of cortical development: diagnostic accuracy of fetal MR imaging. Radiology 263: 843–855 Glenn OA, Cuneo AA, Barkovich AJ, Hashemi Z, Bartha AI, Xu D (2012) Malformations of cortical development: diagnostic accuracy of fetal MR imaging. Radiology 263: 843–855
Zurück zum Zitat Glover P, Hykin J, Gowland P, Wright J, Johnson I, Mansfield P (1995) An assessment of the intrauterine sound intensity level during obstetric echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Radiol 68: 1090–1094 Glover P, Hykin J, Gowland P, Wright J, Johnson I, Mansfield P (1995) An assessment of the intrauterine sound intensity level during obstetric echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Radiol 68: 1090–1094
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein RB, La Pidus AS, Filly RA, Cardoza J (1990) Mild lateral cerebral ventricular dilatation in utero: clinical significance and prognosis. Radiology 176: 237–242 Goldstein RB, La Pidus AS, Filly RA, Cardoza J (1990) Mild lateral cerebral ventricular dilatation in utero: clinical significance and prognosis. Radiology 176: 237–242
Zurück zum Zitat Greco P, Vimercati A, Selvaggi L (2002) Isolated mild fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly. Prenat Diagn 22: 162–163 Greco P, Vimercati A, Selvaggi L (2002) Isolated mild fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly. Prenat Diagn 22: 162–163
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta JK, Lilford RJ (1995) Assessment and management of fetal agenesis of the corpus callosum. Prenat Diagn 15: 301–312 Gupta JK, Lilford RJ (1995) Assessment and management of fetal agenesis of the corpus callosum. Prenat Diagn 15: 301–312
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta P, Kumar S, Sharma R, Gadodia A, Roy KK, Sharma JB (2010) The role of magnetic resonance imaging in fetal renal anomalies. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 111: 209–212 Gupta P, Kumar S, Sharma R, Gadodia A, Roy KK, Sharma JB (2010) The role of magnetic resonance imaging in fetal renal anomalies. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 111: 209–212
Zurück zum Zitat Hagelstein C, Zahn K, Weidner M, Weiss C, Schoenberg SO, Schaible T, Büsing KA, Neff KW (2015) Prenatal MR imaging of congenital diaphragmatic hernias: association of MR fetal lung volume with the need for postnatal prosthetic patch repair. Eur Radiol 25: 258–266 Hagelstein C, Zahn K, Weidner M, Weiss C, Schoenberg SO, Schaible T, Büsing KA, Neff KW (2015) Prenatal MR imaging of congenital diaphragmatic hernias: association of MR fetal lung volume with the need for postnatal prosthetic patch repair. Eur Radiol 25: 258–266
Zurück zum Zitat Hand JW, Li Y, Hajnal JV (2010) Numerical study of RF exposure and the resulting temperature rise in the foetus during a magnetic resonance procedure. Phys Med Biol 55: 913–930 Hand JW, Li Y, Hajnal JV (2010) Numerical study of RF exposure and the resulting temperature rise in the foetus during a magnetic resonance procedure. Phys Med Biol 55: 913–930
Zurück zum Zitat Harper T, Fordham LA, Wolfe HM (2007) The fetal dandy walker complex: associated anomalies, perinatal outcome and postnatal imaging. Fetal Diagn Ther 22: 277–281 Harper T, Fordham LA, Wolfe HM (2007) The fetal dandy walker complex: associated anomalies, perinatal outcome and postnatal imaging. Fetal Diagn Ther 22: 277–281
Zurück zum Zitat Hill BJ, Joe BN, Qayyum A, Yeh BM, Goldstein R, Coakley FV (2005) Supplemental value of MRI in fetal abdominal disease detected on prenatal sonography: preliminary experience. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184: 993–998 Hill BJ, Joe BN, Qayyum A, Yeh BM, Goldstein R, Coakley FV (2005) Supplemental value of MRI in fetal abdominal disease detected on prenatal sonography: preliminary experience. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184: 993–998
Zurück zum Zitat Hirsch JF, Pierre-Kahn A, Renier D, Sainte-Rose C, Hoppe-Hirsch E (1984) The Dandy-Walker malformation. A review of 40 cases. J Neurosurg 61: 515–522 Hirsch JF, Pierre-Kahn A, Renier D, Sainte-Rose C, Hoppe-Hirsch E (1984) The Dandy-Walker malformation. A review of 40 cases. J Neurosurg 61: 515–522
Zurück zum Zitat Homann H, Graesslin I, Eggers H, Nehrke K, Vernickel P, Katscher U, Dössel O, Börnert P (2012) Local SAR management by RF shimming: a simulation study with multiple human body models. MAGMA 25: 193–204 Homann H, Graesslin I, Eggers H, Nehrke K, Vernickel P, Katscher U, Dössel O, Börnert P (2012) Local SAR management by RF shimming: a simulation study with multiple human body models. MAGMA 25: 193–204
Zurück zum Zitat Hörmann M, Brugger PC, Balassy C, Witzani L, Prayer D (2006) Fetal MRI of the urinary system. Eur J Radiol 57: 303–311 Hörmann M, Brugger PC, Balassy C, Witzani L, Prayer D (2006) Fetal MRI of the urinary system. Eur J Radiol 57: 303–311
Zurück zum Zitat Huang H, Xue R, Zhang J, Ren T, Richards LJ, Yarowsky P, Miller MI, Mori S (2009) Anatomical characterization of human fetal brain development with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosci 29: 4263–4273 Huang H, Xue R, Zhang J, Ren T, Richards LJ, Yarowsky P, Miller MI, Mori S (2009) Anatomical characterization of human fetal brain development with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosci 29: 4263–4273
Zurück zum Zitat Huisman TAGM (2008) Fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Semin Roentgenol 43: 314–336 Huisman TAGM (2008) Fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Semin Roentgenol 43: 314–336
Zurück zum Zitat Huisman TAGM, Kellenberger CJ (2008) MR imaging characteristics of the normal fetal gastrointestinal tract and abdomen. Eur J Radiol 65: 170–181 Huisman TAGM, Kellenberger CJ (2008) MR imaging characteristics of the normal fetal gastrointestinal tract and abdomen. Eur J Radiol 65: 170–181
Zurück zum Zitat Kanal E, Barkovich AJ, Bell C, Borgstede JP, Bradley Jr WG, Froelich JW, Gilk T, Gimbel JR, Gosbee J, Kuhni-Kaminski E, Lester Jr JW, Nyenhuis J, Parag Y, Schaefer DJ, Sebek-Scoumis EA, Weinreb J, Zaremba LA, Wilcox P, Lucey L, Sass N, ACR Blue Ribbon Panel on MR Safety (2007) ACR guidance document for safe MR practices: 2007. AJR Am J Roentgenol 188: 1447–1474 Kanal E, Barkovich AJ, Bell C, Borgstede JP, Bradley Jr WG, Froelich JW, Gilk T, Gimbel JR, Gosbee J, Kuhni-Kaminski E, Lester Jr JW, Nyenhuis J, Parag Y, Schaefer DJ, Sebek-Scoumis EA, Weinreb J, Zaremba LA, Wilcox P, Lucey L, Sass N, ACR Blue Ribbon Panel on MR Safety (2007) ACR guidance document for safe MR practices: 2007. AJR Am J Roentgenol 188: 1447–1474
Zurück zum Zitat Kasprian G, Brugger PC, Weber M, Krssák M, Krampl E, Herold C, Prayer D (2008) In utero tractography of fetal white matter development. NeuroImage 43: 213–224 Kasprian G, Brugger PC, Weber M, Krssák M, Krampl E, Herold C, Prayer D (2008) In utero tractography of fetal white matter development. NeuroImage 43: 213–224
Zurück zum Zitat Kasprian G, Brugger PC, Schöpf V, Mitter C, Weber M, Hainfellner JA, Prayer D (2013) Assessing prenatal white matter connectivity in commissural agenesis. Brain 136: 168–179 Kasprian G, Brugger PC, Schöpf V, Mitter C, Weber M, Hainfellner JA, Prayer D (2013) Assessing prenatal white matter connectivity in commissural agenesis. Brain 136: 168–179
Zurück zum Zitat Kasprian GJ, Paldino MJ, Mehollin-Ray AR, Shetty A, Williams JL, Lee W, Cassady CI (2015) Prenatal imaging of occipital encephaloceles. Fetal Diagn Ther 37: 241–248 Kasprian GJ, Paldino MJ, Mehollin-Ray AR, Shetty A, Williams JL, Lee W, Cassady CI (2015) Prenatal imaging of occipital encephaloceles. Fetal Diagn Ther 37: 241–248
Zurück zum Zitat Kato M, Das S, Petras K, Kitamura K, Morohashi K, Abuelo DN, Barr M, Bonneau D, Brady AF, Carpenter NJ, Cipero KL, Frisone F, Fukuda T, Guerrini R, Iida E, Itoh M, Lewanda AF, Nanba Y, Oka A, Proud VK, Saugier-Veber P, Schelley SL, Selicorni A, Shaner R, Silengo M, Stewart F, Sugiyama N, Toyama J, Toutain A, Vargas AL, Yanazawa M, Zackai EH, Dobyns WB (2004) Mutations of ARX are associated with striking pleiotropy and consistent genotype-phenotype correlation. Hum Mutat 23: 147–159 Kato M, Das S, Petras K, Kitamura K, Morohashi K, Abuelo DN, Barr M, Bonneau D, Brady AF, Carpenter NJ, Cipero KL, Frisone F, Fukuda T, Guerrini R, Iida E, Itoh M, Lewanda AF, Nanba Y, Oka A, Proud VK, Saugier-Veber P, Schelley SL, Selicorni A, Shaner R, Silengo M, Stewart F, Sugiyama N, Toyama J, Toutain A, Vargas AL, Yanazawa M, Zackai EH, Dobyns WB (2004) Mutations of ARX are associated with striking pleiotropy and consistent genotype-phenotype correlation. Hum Mutat 23: 147–159
Zurück zum Zitat Kehl S, Zirulnik A, Debus A, Sütterlin M, Siemer J, Neff W (2011) In vitro models of the fetal lung: comparison of lung volume measurements with 3-dimensional sonography and magnetic resonance imaging. J Ultrasound Med 30: 1085–1091 Kehl S, Zirulnik A, Debus A, Sütterlin M, Siemer J, Neff W (2011) In vitro models of the fetal lung: comparison of lung volume measurements with 3-dimensional sonography and magnetic resonance imaging. J Ultrasound Med 30: 1085–1091
Zurück zum Zitat Klein O, Pierre-Kahn A, Boddaert N, Parisot D, Brunelle F (2003) Dandy-Walker malformation: prenatal diagnosis and prognosis. Childs Nerv Syst 19: 484–489 Klein O, Pierre-Kahn A, Boddaert N, Parisot D, Brunelle F (2003) Dandy-Walker malformation: prenatal diagnosis and prognosis. Childs Nerv Syst 19: 484–489
Zurück zum Zitat Kotil K, Kilinc B, Bilge T (2008) Diagnosis and management of large occipitocervical cephaloceles: a 10-year experience. Pediatr Neurosurg 44: 193–198 Kotil K, Kilinc B, Bilge T (2008) Diagnosis and management of large occipitocervical cephaloceles: a 10-year experience. Pediatr Neurosurg 44: 193–198
Zurück zum Zitat Kurtz AB, Wapner RJ, Rubin CS, Cole-Beuglet C, Ross RD, Goldberg BB (1980) Ultrasound criteria for in utero diagnosis of microcephaly. J Clin Ultrasound 8: 11–16 Kurtz AB, Wapner RJ, Rubin CS, Cole-Beuglet C, Ross RD, Goldberg BB (1980) Ultrasound criteria for in utero diagnosis of microcephaly. J Clin Ultrasound 8: 11–16
Zurück zum Zitat Kutuk MS, Gorkem SB, Bayram A, Doganay S, Canpolat M, Basbug M (2015) Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcome of schizencephaly. J Child Neurol 30: 1388–1394 Kutuk MS, Gorkem SB, Bayram A, Doganay S, Canpolat M, Basbug M (2015) Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcome of schizencephaly. J Child Neurol 30: 1388–1394
Zurück zum Zitat Lee SK, Kim DI, Kim J, Kim DJ, Kim HD, Kim DS, Mori S (2005) Diffusion-tensor MR imaging and fiber tractography: a new method of describing aberrant fiber connections in developmental CNS anomalies. Radiographics 25: 53–65 (discussion 66–68) Lee SK, Kim DI, Kim J, Kim DJ, Kim HD, Kim DS, Mori S (2005) Diffusion-tensor MR imaging and fiber tractography: a new method of describing aberrant fiber connections in developmental CNS anomalies. Radiographics 25: 53–65 (discussion 66–68)
Zurück zum Zitat Lee W, Comstock CH, Kazmierczak C, Wilson J, Gonçalves LF, Mody S, Yeo L, Romero R (2009) Prenatal diagnostic challenges and pitfalls for schizencephaly. J Ultrasound Med 28: 1379–1384 Lee W, Comstock CH, Kazmierczak C, Wilson J, Gonçalves LF, Mody S, Yeo L, Romero R (2009) Prenatal diagnostic challenges and pitfalls for schizencephaly. J Ultrasound Med 28: 1379–1384
Zurück zum Zitat Lee TC, Lim FY, Keswani SG, Frischer JS, Haberman B, Kingma PS, Habli M, Jaekle RK, Sharp G, Kline-Fath B, Rubio EI, Calvo M, Guimaraes C, Crombleholme TM (2011) Late gestation fetal magnetic resonance imaging-derived total lung volume predicts postnatal survival and need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 46: 1165–1171 Lee TC, Lim FY, Keswani SG, Frischer JS, Haberman B, Kingma PS, Habli M, Jaekle RK, Sharp G, Kline-Fath B, Rubio EI, Calvo M, Guimaraes C, Crombleholme TM (2011) Late gestation fetal magnetic resonance imaging-derived total lung volume predicts postnatal survival and need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 46: 1165–1171
Zurück zum Zitat Leitner Y, Goez H, Gull I, Mesterman R, Weiner E, Jaffa A, Harel S (2004) Antenatal diagnosis of central nervous system anomalies: can we predict prognosis. J Child Neurol 19: 435–438 Leitner Y, Goez H, Gull I, Mesterman R, Weiner E, Jaffa A, Harel S (2004) Antenatal diagnosis of central nervous system anomalies: can we predict prognosis. J Child Neurol 19: 435–438
Zurück zum Zitat Levine D, Barnes PD (1999) Cortical maturation in normal and abnormal fetuses as assessed with prenatal MR imaging. Radiology 210: 751–758 Levine D, Barnes PD (1999) Cortical maturation in normal and abnormal fetuses as assessed with prenatal MR imaging. Radiology 210: 751–758
Zurück zum Zitat Levine D, Trop I, Mehta TS, Barnes PD (2002) MR imaging appearance of fetal cerebral ventricular morphology. Radiology 223: 652–660 Levine D, Trop I, Mehta TS, Barnes PD (2002) MR imaging appearance of fetal cerebral ventricular morphology. Radiology 223: 652–660
Zurück zum Zitat Levine D, Barnewolt CE, Mehta TS, Trop I, Estroff J, Wong G (2003a) Fetal thoracic abnormalities: MR imaging. Radiology 228: 379–388 Levine D, Barnewolt CE, Mehta TS, Trop I, Estroff J, Wong G (2003a) Fetal thoracic abnormalities: MR imaging. Radiology 228: 379–388
Zurück zum Zitat Levine D, Barnes PD, Robertson RR, Wong G, Mehta TS (2003b) Fast MR imaging of fetal central nervous system abnormalities. Radiology 229: 51–61 Levine D, Barnes PD, Robertson RR, Wong G, Mehta TS (2003b) Fast MR imaging of fetal central nervous system abnormalities. Radiology 229: 51–61
Zurück zum Zitat Limperopoulos C, Robertson Jr RL, Khwaja OS, Robson CD, Estroff JA, Barnewolt C, Levine D, Morash D, Nemes L, Zaccagnini L, du Plessis AJ (2008) How accurately does current fetal imaging identify posterior fossa anomalies. AJR Am J Roentgenol 190: 1637–1643 Limperopoulos C, Robertson Jr RL, Khwaja OS, Robson CD, Estroff JA, Barnewolt C, Levine D, Morash D, Nemes L, Zaccagnini L, du Plessis AJ (2008) How accurately does current fetal imaging identify posterior fossa anomalies. AJR Am J Roentgenol 190: 1637–1643
Zurück zum Zitat Liu YP, Chen CP, Shih SL, Chen YF, Yang FS, Chen SC (2010) Fetal cystic lung lesions: evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatr Pulmonol 45: 592–600 Liu YP, Chen CP, Shih SL, Chen YF, Yang FS, Chen SC (2010) Fetal cystic lung lesions: evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatr Pulmonol 45: 592–600
Zurück zum Zitat Malinger G, Ben-Sira L, Lev D, Ben-Aroya Z, Kidron D, Lerman-Sagie T (2004) Fetal brain imaging: a comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and dedicated neurosonography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 23: 333–340 Malinger G, Ben-Sira L, Lev D, Ben-Aroya Z, Kidron D, Lerman-Sagie T (2004) Fetal brain imaging: a comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and dedicated neurosonography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 23: 333–340
Zurück zum Zitat Malinger G, Lev D, Ben-Sira L, Hoffmann C, Vinkler H, Viñals F, Herrera M, et al (2011) Can syndromic macrocephaly be diagnosed in utero. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37: 72–81 Malinger G, Lev D, Ben-Sira L, Hoffmann C, Vinkler H, Viñals F, Herrera M, et al (2011) Can syndromic macrocephaly be diagnosed in utero. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37: 72–81
Zurück zum Zitat Manganaro L, Saldari M, Bernardo S, Vinci V, Aliberti C, Sollazzo P, Giancotti A, Capozza F, Porpora MG, Cozzi DA, Catalano C (2015) Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the prenatal diagnosis of gastrointestinal fetal anomalies. Radiol Med 120: 393–403 Manganaro L, Saldari M, Bernardo S, Vinci V, Aliberti C, Sollazzo P, Giancotti A, Capozza F, Porpora MG, Cozzi DA, Catalano C (2015) Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the prenatal diagnosis of gastrointestinal fetal anomalies. Radiol Med 120: 393–403
Zurück zum Zitat Maricich SM, Aqeeb KA, Moayedi Y, Mathes EL, Patel MS, Chitayat D, Lyon G, Leroy JG, Zoghbi HY (2011) Pontocerebellar hypoplasia: review of classification and genetics, and exclusion of several genes known to be important for cerebellar development. J Child Neurol 26: 288–294 Maricich SM, Aqeeb KA, Moayedi Y, Mathes EL, Patel MS, Chitayat D, Lyon G, Leroy JG, Zoghbi HY (2011) Pontocerebellar hypoplasia: review of classification and genetics, and exclusion of several genes known to be important for cerebellar development. J Child Neurol 26: 288–294
Zurück zum Zitat McLone DG, Dias MS (2003) The Chiari II malformation: cause and impact Child’s nervous system. Childs Nerv Syst 19: 540–550 McLone DG, Dias MS (2003) The Chiari II malformation: cause and impact Child’s nervous system. Childs Nerv Syst 19: 540–550
Zurück zum Zitat Meoded A, Poretti A, Tekes A, Flammang A, Pryde S, Huisman TAGM (2011) Prenatal MR diffusion tractography in a fetus with complete corpus callosum agenesis. Neuropediatrics 42: 122–123 Meoded A, Poretti A, Tekes A, Flammang A, Pryde S, Huisman TAGM (2011) Prenatal MR diffusion tractography in a fetus with complete corpus callosum agenesis. Neuropediatrics 42: 122–123
Zurück zum Zitat Milhorat TH, Bolognese PA, Nishikawa M, McDonnell NB, Francomano CA (2007) Syndrome of occipitoatlantoaxial hypermobility, cranial settling, and chiari malformation type I in patients with hereditary disorders of connective tissue. J Neurosurg Spine 7: 601–609 Milhorat TH, Bolognese PA, Nishikawa M, McDonnell NB, Francomano CA (2007) Syndrome of occipitoatlantoaxial hypermobility, cranial settling, and chiari malformation type I in patients with hereditary disorders of connective tissue. J Neurosurg Spine 7: 601–609
Zurück zum Zitat Mitchell LA, Simon EM, Filly RA, Barkovich AJ (2000) Antenatal diagnosis of subependymal heterotopias. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21: 296–300 Mitchell LA, Simon EM, Filly RA, Barkovich AJ (2000) Antenatal diagnosis of subependymal heterotopias. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21: 296–300
Zurück zum Zitat Mitter C, Prayer D, Brugger PC, Weber M, Kasprian G (2015) In vivo tractography of fetal association fibers. PLoS One 10: e0119536 Mitter C, Prayer D, Brugger PC, Weber M, Kasprian G (2015) In vivo tractography of fetal association fibers. PLoS One 10: e0119536
Zurück zum Zitat Mochida GH (2009) Genetics and biology of microcephaly and lissencephaly. Semin Pediatr Neurol 16: 120–126 Mochida GH (2009) Genetics and biology of microcephaly and lissencephaly. Semin Pediatr Neurol 16: 120–126
Zurück zum Zitat Morris JE, Rickard S, Paley MNJ, Griffiths PD, Rigby A, Whitby EH (2007) The value of in-utero magnetic resonance imaging in ultrasound diagnosed foetal isolated cerebral ventriculomegaly. Clin Radiol 62: 140–144 Morris JE, Rickard S, Paley MNJ, Griffiths PD, Rigby A, Whitby EH (2007) The value of in-utero magnetic resonance imaging in ultrasound diagnosed foetal isolated cerebral ventriculomegaly. Clin Radiol 62: 140–144
Zurück zum Zitat Mühler MR, Rake A, Schwabe M, Schmidt S, Kivelitz D, Chaoui R, Hamm B (2007) Value of fetal cerebral MRI in sonographically proven cardiac rhabdomyoma. Pediatr Radiol 37: 467–474 Mühler MR, Rake A, Schwabe M, Schmidt S, Kivelitz D, Chaoui R, Hamm B (2007) Value of fetal cerebral MRI in sonographically proven cardiac rhabdomyoma. Pediatr Radiol 37: 467–474
Zurück zum Zitat Nabavizadeh SA, Zarnow D, Bilaniuk LT, Schwartz ES, Zimmerman RA, Vossough A (2014) Correlation of prenatal and postnatal MRI findings in schizencephaly. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 35: 1418–1424 Nabavizadeh SA, Zarnow D, Bilaniuk LT, Schwartz ES, Zimmerman RA, Vossough A (2014) Correlation of prenatal and postnatal MRI findings in schizencephaly. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 35: 1418–1424
Zurück zum Zitat Oh KY, Kennedy AM, Frias AE, Byrne JLB (2005) Fetal schizencephaly: pre- and postnatal imaging with a review of the clinical manifestations. Radiographics 25: 647–657 Oh KY, Kennedy AM, Frias AE, Byrne JLB (2005) Fetal schizencephaly: pre- and postnatal imaging with a review of the clinical manifestations. Radiographics 25: 647–657
Zurück zum Zitat Oh KY, Roberts VH, Schabel MC, Grove KL, Woods M, Frias AE (2015) Gadolinium chelate contrast material in pregnancy: fetal biodistribution in the nonhuman primate. Radiology 276: 110–118 Oh KY, Roberts VH, Schabel MC, Grove KL, Woods M, Frias AE (2015) Gadolinium chelate contrast material in pregnancy: fetal biodistribution in the nonhuman primate. Radiology 276: 110–118
Zurück zum Zitat Orioli IM, Castilla EE (2010) Epidemiology of holoprosencephaly: Prevalence and risk factors. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 154: 13–21 Orioli IM, Castilla EE (2010) Epidemiology of holoprosencephaly: Prevalence and risk factors. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 154: 13–21
Zurück zum Zitat Paladini D, Quarantelli M, Sglavo G, Pastore G, Cavallaro A, D’Armiento MR, Salvatore M, Nappi C (2014) Accuracy of neurosonography and MRI in clinical management of fetuses referred with central nervous system abnormalities.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 44: 188–196 Paladini D, Quarantelli M, Sglavo G, Pastore G, Cavallaro A, D’Armiento MR, Salvatore M, Nappi C (2014) Accuracy of neurosonography and MRI in clinical management of fetuses referred with central nervous system abnormalities.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 44: 188–196
Zurück zum Zitat Partridge SC, Mukherjee P, Berman JI, Henry RG, Glenn OA, Lu Y, Miller SP, et al (2005) Tractography-based quantitation of diffusion tensor imaging parameters in white matter tracts of preterm newborns. J Magn Reson Imaging 22: 467–474 Partridge SC, Mukherjee P, Berman JI, Henry RG, Glenn OA, Lu Y, Miller SP, et al (2005) Tractography-based quantitation of diffusion tensor imaging parameters in white matter tracts of preterm newborns. J Magn Reson Imaging 22: 467–474
Zurück zum Zitat Persutte WH (1998) Microcephaly – no small deal. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 11: 317–318 Persutte WH (1998) Microcephaly – no small deal. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 11: 317–318
Zurück zum Zitat Pico H, Dabadie A, Bourliere-Najean B, Philip N, Capelle M, Aschero A, Quarello E, Guys JM, Hery G, Petit P, Gorincour G (2014) Contribution of the foetal uro-MRI in the prenatal diagnosis of uronephropathies. Diagn Interv Imaging 95: 573–578 Pico H, Dabadie A, Bourliere-Najean B, Philip N, Capelle M, Aschero A, Quarello E, Guys JM, Hery G, Petit P, Gorincour G (2014) Contribution of the foetal uro-MRI in the prenatal diagnosis of uronephropathies. Diagn Interv Imaging 95: 573–578
Zurück zum Zitat Poretti A, Dietrich Alber F, Brancati F, Dallapiccola B, Valente EM, Boltshauser E (2009) Normal cognitive functions in joubert syndrome. Neuropediatrics 40: 287–290 Poretti A, Dietrich Alber F, Brancati F, Dallapiccola B, Valente EM, Boltshauser E (2009) Normal cognitive functions in joubert syndrome. Neuropediatrics 40: 287–290
Zurück zum Zitat Rossi AC, Prefumo F (2014) Additional value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in the prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system anomalies: a systematic review of the literature. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 44: 388–393 Rossi AC, Prefumo F (2014) Additional value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in the prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system anomalies: a systematic review of the literature. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 44: 388–393
Zurück zum Zitat Rubesova E, Vance CJ, Ringertz HG, Barth RA (2009) Three-Dimensional MRI Volumetric Measurements of the Normal Fetal Colon. AJR Am J Roentgenol 192: 761–765 Rubesova E, Vance CJ, Ringertz HG, Barth RA (2009) Three-Dimensional MRI Volumetric Measurements of the Normal Fetal Colon. AJR Am J Roentgenol 192: 761–765
Zurück zum Zitat Salomon LJ, Ouahba J, Delezoide AL, Vuillard E, Oury JF, Sebag G, Garel C (2006) Third-trimester fetal MRI in isolated 10- to 12-mm ventriculomegaly: is it worth it. BJOG 113: 942–947 Salomon LJ, Ouahba J, Delezoide AL, Vuillard E, Oury JF, Sebag G, Garel C (2006) Third-trimester fetal MRI in isolated 10- to 12-mm ventriculomegaly: is it worth it. BJOG 113: 942–947
Zurück zum Zitat Savelli S, Di Maurizio M, Perrone A, Tesei J, La Barbera L, Angeletti M, Francioso A, et al (2007) MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) assessment in the evaluation of normal and abnormal fetal kidneys: preliminary experience. Prenat Diagn 27: 1104–1111 Savelli S, Di Maurizio M, Perrone A, Tesei J, La Barbera L, Angeletti M, Francioso A, et al (2007) MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) assessment in the evaluation of normal and abnormal fetal kidneys: preliminary experience. Prenat Diagn 27: 1104–1111
Zurück zum Zitat Shellock FG, Crues JV (2004) MR procedures: biologic effects, safety, and patient care. Radiology 232: 635–652 Shellock FG, Crues JV (2004) MR procedures: biologic effects, safety, and patient care. Radiology 232: 635–652
Zurück zum Zitat Shellock FG, Kanal E (1999) Safety of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. J Magn Reson Imaging 10: 477–484 Shellock FG, Kanal E (1999) Safety of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. J Magn Reson Imaging 10: 477–484
Zurück zum Zitat Shinmoto H, Kashima K, Yuasa Y, Ishimoto H, Morikawa Y, Tanimoto A, et al (2000) MR imaging of non-CNS fetal abnormalities: a pictorial essay. Radiographics 20: 1227–1243 Shinmoto H, Kashima K, Yuasa Y, Ishimoto H, Morikawa Y, Tanimoto A, et al (2000) MR imaging of non-CNS fetal abnormalities: a pictorial essay. Radiographics 20: 1227–1243
Zurück zum Zitat Sonigo PC, Rypens FF, Carteret M, Delezoide AL, Brunelle FO (1998) MR imaging of fetal cerebral anomalies. Pediatr Radiol 28: 212–222 Sonigo PC, Rypens FF, Carteret M, Delezoide AL, Brunelle FO (1998) MR imaging of fetal cerebral anomalies. Pediatr Radiol 28: 212–222
Zurück zum Zitat Srour M, Rioux MF, Varga C, Lortie A, Major P, Robitaille Y, Décarie JC, Michaud J, Carmant L (2011) The clinical spectrum of nodular heterotopias in children: report of 31 patients. Epilepsia 52: 728–737 Srour M, Rioux MF, Varga C, Lortie A, Major P, Robitaille Y, Décarie JC, Michaud J, Carmant L (2011) The clinical spectrum of nodular heterotopias in children: report of 31 patients. Epilepsia 52: 728–737
Zurück zum Zitat Strizek B, Jani JC, Mucyo E, De Keyzer F, Pauwels I, Ziane S, Mansbach AL, Deltenre P, Cos T, Cannie MM (2015) Safety of MR Imaging at 1.5 T in Fetuses: A Retrospective Case-Control Study of Birth Weights and the Effects of Acoustic Noise. Radiology 275: 530–537 Strizek B, Jani JC, Mucyo E, De Keyzer F, Pauwels I, Ziane S, Mansbach AL, Deltenre P, Cos T, Cannie MM (2015) Safety of MR Imaging at 1.5 T in Fetuses: A Retrospective Case-Control Study of Birth Weights and the Effects of Acoustic Noise. Radiology 275: 530–537
Zurück zum Zitat Tavano A, Grasso R, Gagliardi C, Triulzi F, Bresolin N, Fabbro F, Borgatti R (2007) Disorders of cognitive and affective development in cerebellar malformations. Brain 130: 2646–2660 Tavano A, Grasso R, Gagliardi C, Triulzi F, Bresolin N, Fabbro F, Borgatti R (2007) Disorders of cognitive and affective development in cerebellar malformations. Brain 130: 2646–2660
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson DN (2009) Postnatal management and outcome for neural tube defects including spina bifida and encephalocoeles. Prenat Diagn 29: 412–419 Thompson DN (2009) Postnatal management and outcome for neural tube defects including spina bifida and encephalocoeles. Prenat Diagn 29: 412–419
Zurück zum Zitat Twickler DM, Magee KP, Caire J, Zaretsky M, Fleckenstein JL, Ramus RM (2003) Second-opinion magnetic resonance imaging for suspected fetal central nervous system abnormalities. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188: 492–496 Twickler DM, Magee KP, Caire J, Zaretsky M, Fleckenstein JL, Ramus RM (2003) Second-opinion magnetic resonance imaging for suspected fetal central nervous system abnormalities. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188: 492–496
Zurück zum Zitat Ventura P, Presicci A, Perniola T, Campa MG, Margari L (2006) Mental retardation and epilepsy in patients with isolated cerebellar hypoplasia. J Child Neurol 21: 776–781 Ventura P, Presicci A, Perniola T, Campa MG, Margari L (2006) Mental retardation and epilepsy in patients with isolated cerebellar hypoplasia. J Child Neurol 21: 776–781
Zurück zum Zitat Watts R, Liston C, Niogi S, Uluğ AM (2003) Fiber tracking using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging and its applications to human brain development. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 9: 168–177 Watts R, Liston C, Niogi S, Uluğ AM (2003) Fiber tracking using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging and its applications to human brain development. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 9: 168–177
Zurück zum Zitat Wax JR, Bookman L, Cartin A, Pinette MG, Blackstone J (2003) Mild fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly: diagnosis, clinical associations, and outcomes. Obstet Gynecol Surv 58: 407–414 Wax JR, Bookman L, Cartin A, Pinette MG, Blackstone J (2003) Mild fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly: diagnosis, clinical associations, and outcomes. Obstet Gynecol Surv 58: 407–414
Zurück zum Zitat Webb DW, Fryer AE, Osborne JP (1996) Morbidity associated with tuberous sclerosis: a population study. Dev Med Child Neurol 38: 146–155 Webb DW, Fryer AE, Osborne JP (1996) Morbidity associated with tuberous sclerosis: a population study. Dev Med Child Neurol 38: 146–155
Zurück zum Zitat Werner H, Dos Santos JRL, Fontes R, Daltro P, Gasparetto E, Marchiori E, Campbell S (2011) Virtual bronchoscopy in the fetus.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37: 113–115 Werner H, Dos Santos JRL, Fontes R, Daltro P, Gasparetto E, Marchiori E, Campbell S (2011) Virtual bronchoscopy in the fetus.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37: 113–115
Zurück zum Zitat Woitek R, Brugger PC, Asenbaum U, Furtner J, Prayer D (2013) Fetal magnetic resonance imaging of thoracic and abdominal malformations. Radiologe 53: 123–129 Woitek R, Brugger PC, Asenbaum U, Furtner J, Prayer D (2013) Fetal magnetic resonance imaging of thoracic and abdominal malformations. Radiologe 53: 123–129
Metadaten
Titel
Fetale Magnetresonanztomographie
verfasst von
Dr. med. C. C. Remus
Dr. med. R. Milos
Dr. med. U. Wedegärtner
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53662-9_17