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Erschienen in: Notfall +  Rettungsmedizin 6/2014

01.10.2014 | Konzepte - Stellungnahmen - Leitlinien

Etomidat zur „rapid sequence induction“ bei schwerem Trauma

verfasst von: Dr. H. Trentzsch, M. Münzberg, J. Luxen, B. Urban, S. Prückner

Erschienen in: Notfall + Rettungsmedizin | Ausgabe 6/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Das Anästhetikum Etomidat ist zur Einleitung einer Notfallnarkose umstritten. Obwohl es wegen seiner Kreislaufneutralität geschätzt wird, begünstigt es die Entstehung einer Nebenniereninsuffizienz. Der Gebrauch wird daher in der S3-Leitlinie Polytrauma/Schwerverletzten-Behandlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie nicht empfohlen. Die Leitlinien der Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma und des Advanced Trauma Life Support® schließen den Gebrauch hingegen nicht aus. Beide Leitlinien basieren auf vergleichbarer Evidenz, die in der hier vorgenommenen Rückschau dargestellt wird. Ein klarer Nachweis von schädlichen Effekten konnte demnach bisher nicht erbracht werden. Es besteht jedoch Konsens darüber, dass aussagekräftige Studien für eine abschließende Beurteilung bisher fehlen.
Wir führten daher in Pubmed® eine strukturierte Literatursuche nach neuen Studien durch, die bei Fertigstellung der o. g. Leitlinien noch nicht verfügbar waren und identifizierten 14 Studien (4 systematische Reviews/Metaanalysen, 1 systematisches Review, 3 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien, 3 Kohortenstudien und 3 Post-hoc-Analysen), die in diesem Artikel zusammengefasst dargestellt werden. Jedoch kann auch keine dieser aktuellen Studien Nutzen und Risiken einer einmaligen Bolusgabe von Etomidat zur Einleitung einer Notfallnarkose bei Traumapatienten mit ausreichend guter Aussagekraft im Hinblick auf Überleben, Komplikationen und Behandlungsverlauf aufklären. Zusammenfassend bleibt trotz neuer Evidenz weiterhin unklar, welche der beiden widersprüchlichen Empfehlungen für die tägliche Praxis beachtet werden sollte. Etomidat sollte bei Verfügbarkeit alternativer Medikamente, deren Anwendung sicher beherrscht wird, nur im Rahmen von kontrollierten Studien eingesetzt werden. Auf eine etomidatinduzierte Nebenniereninsuffizienz ist dann zu achten.
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Metadaten
Titel
Etomidat zur „rapid sequence induction“ bei schwerem Trauma
verfasst von
Dr. H. Trentzsch
M. Münzberg
J. Luxen
B. Urban
S. Prückner
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Notfall + Rettungsmedizin / Ausgabe 6/2014
Print ISSN: 1434-6222
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-0578
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-014-1899-7

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