nach oben

vorheriger Artikel Unterrichtsprinzipien zur Wiederbelebung

Tipp

Ethik der Reanimation und Entscheidungen am Lebensende

Sektion 10 der Leitlinien zur Reanimation 2010 des European Resuscitation Council

Zeitschrift:: Notfall + Rettungsmedizin > Ausgabe 7/2010

Autoren:: F.K. Lippert, V. Raffay, M. Georgiou, P.A. Steen, L. Bossaert

Der unerwartete Kreislaufstillstand stellt ein Ereignis dar, das häufig verheerende Folgen für die betroffene Person, Familie und Freunde mit sich bringt. Während einige Wiederbelebungsversuche erfolgreich mit einem guten Langzeit-Outcome einhergehen, trifft dies für die Mehrzahl der Fälle trotz großer Anstrengungen und einiger Verbesserungen in der Versorgung von Kreislaufpatienten während des letzten Jahrzehnts nicht zu. ...

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Jetzt einloggen Kostenlos registrieren

Sie möchten Zugang zu diesem Inhalt erhalten? Dann informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Notfall + Rettungsmedizin

Print-Titel

• Praxisorientierte Leitthemen für die optimale Behandlung von Notfallpatienten

• Interdisziplinäre Ansätze und Konzepte

• Praxisnahe Übersichten, Fallberichte, Leitlinien und Empfehlungen

Jetzt informieren

Baskett PJ, Lim A (2004) The varying ethical attitudes towards resuscitation in Europe. Resuscitation 62:267–273 PubMedCrossRef

Costa DE da, Ghazal H, Al Khusaiby S (2002) Do not resuscitate orders and ethical decisions in a neonatal intensive care unit in a Muslim community. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 86:F115–F119 PubMedCrossRef

Richter J, Eisemann M, Zgonnikova E (2001) Doctors‘ authoritarianism in end-of-life treatment decisions. A comparison between Russia, Sweden and Germany. J Med Ethics 27:186–191 PubMedCrossRef

De Leeuw R, Cuttini M, Nadai M et al (2000) Treatment choices for extremely preterm infants: an international perspective. J Pediatr 137:608–616 CrossRef

Sprung CL, Cohen SL, Sjokvist P et al (2003) End-of-life practices in European intensive care units: The ethicus study. JAMA 290:790–797 PubMedCrossRef

Ho NK (2001) Decision-making: initiation and withdrawing life support in the asphyxiated infants in developing countries. Singapore Med J 42:402–405 PubMed

Cuttini M, Nadai M, Kaminski M et al (2000) End-of-life decisions in neonatal intensive care: physicians‘ self-reported practices in seven European countries. Lancet 355:2112–2118 PubMedCrossRef

Konishi E (1998) Nurses‘ attitudes towards developing a do not resuscitate policy in Japan. Nurs Ethics 5:218–227 PubMed

Muller JH, Desmond B (1992) Ethical dilemmas in a cross-cultural context. A Chinese example. West J Med 157:323–327 PubMed

10.

Edgren E (o J) The ethics of resuscitation; differences between Europe and the USA – Europe should not adopt American guidelines without debate. Resuscitation 23:85–90

11.

Bülow H-H, Sprung C, Reinhart K et al (2008) The world’s major religions‘ points of view on end-of life decisions in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 34:423–430 PubMedCrossRef

12.

Beauchamp TL, Childress J (2008) Principles of biomedical ethics. 6. Aufl. Oxford University, Oxford

13.

Association WM (1964) Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects adopted by the 18 ^th WMA general assembly, Helsinki, Finland, June 1964 and amended at the 29 ^th, 35 ^th, 41 ^st, 48 ^th, 52 ^nd, 55 ^th and 59 ^th WMA Assemblies In. World Medical Association, Helsinki

14.

Shuster M, Billi JE, Bossaert L et al (2010) International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Part 4: Conflict of interest management before, during, and after the 2010 International Consensus Conference on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Resuscitation. In Press

15.

Sans S, Kesteloot H, Kromhout D (1997) The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe. Task force of the European Society of Cardiology on Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity Statistics in Europe. Eur Heart J 18:1231–1248

16.

Atwood C, Eisenberg MS, Herlitz J, Rea TD (2005) Incidence of EMS-treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Europe. Resuscitation 67:75–80 PubMedCrossRef

17.

Nichol G, Aufderheide TP, Eigel B et al (2010) Regional systems of care for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 121:709–729 PubMedCrossRef

18.

Organisation WH (2002) World health report 2002

19.

Organisation WH (2009) Global status report on road safety

20.

Organisation WH (2009) WHO World health statistics 2009 and 2010

21.

Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL et al (2010) Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet 375:1969–1987 PubMedCrossRef

22.

Layon AJ, Modell JH (2009) Drowning: Update 2009. Anesthesiology 110:1390–1401 PubMedCrossRef

23.

Moulaert VRMP, Verbunt JA, Heugten CM van, Wade DT (2009) Cognitive impairments in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review. Resuscitation 80:297–305 PubMedCrossRef

24.

Holler NG, Mantoni T, Nielsen SL et al (2007) Long-term survival after out-of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 75:23–28 PubMedCrossRef

25.

Alem AP van, Vos R de, Schmand B, Koster RW (2004) Cognitive impairment in survivors of out-of hospital cardiac arrest. Am Heart J 148:416–421 PubMedCrossRef

26.

Bunch TJ, White RD, Gersh BJ et al (2003) Long-term outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest after successful early defibrillation. N Engl J Med 348:2626–2633 PubMedCrossRef

27.

Nichol G, Stiell IG, Hebert P et al (1999) What is the quality of life for survivors of cardiac arrest? A prospective study. Acad Emerg Med 6:95–102 PubMedCrossRef

28.

Stiell I, Nichol G, Wells G et al (2003) Health-related quality of life is better for cardiac arrest survivors who received citizen cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation 108:1939–1944 PubMedCrossRef

29.

Granja C, Cabral G, Pinto AT, Costa-Pereira A (2002) Quality of life 6-months after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 55:37–44 PubMedCrossRef

30.

Lettieri C, Savonitto S, De Servi S et al (2009) Emergency percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: early and medium-term outcome. Am Heart J 157:569–575 e1 PubMedCrossRef

31.

Tiainen M, Poutiainen E, Kovala T et al (2007) Cognitive and neurophysiological outcome of cardiac arrest survivors treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Stroke 38:2303–2308 PubMedCrossRef

32.

Graf J, Muhlhoff C, Doig GS et al (2008) Health care costs, long-term survival, and quality of life following intensive care unit admission after cardiac arrest. Crit Care 12:R92 PubMedCrossRef

33.

Horsted TI, Rasmussen LS, Meyhoff CS, Nielsen SL (2007) Long-term prognosis after out-of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 72:214–218 PubMedCrossRef

34.

Saner H, Borner RE, Kummer-Bangerter A et al (2002) Quality of life in long-term survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 53:7–13 PubMedCrossRef

35.

O’Reilly SM, Grubb NR, O’Carroll RE (2003) In-hospital cardiac arrest leads to chronic memory impairment. Resuscitation 58:73–79 CrossRef

36.

Lundgren-Nilsson A, Rosen H, Hofgren C, Sunnerhagen KS (2005) The first year after successful cardiac resuscitation: function, activity, participation and quality of life. Resuscitation 66:285–289 PubMedCrossRef

37.

Iwami T, Kawamura T, Hiraide A et al (2007) Effectiveness of bystander-initiated cardiac-only resuscitation for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 116:2900–2907 PubMedCrossRef

38.

Peberdy MA, Kaye W, Ornato JP et al (2003) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of adults in the hospital: a report of 14,720 cardiac arrests from the national registry of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 58:297–308 PubMedCrossRef

39.

Deakin CD, Nolan JP, Soar J et al (2010) European resuscitation council guidelines for resuscitation 2010. Section 4. Adult advanced life support. Resuscitation 81

40.

Rossetti AO, Oddo M, Logroscino G, Kaplan PW (2010) Prognostication after cardiac arrest and hypothermia: a prospective study. Ann Neurol 67:301–307 PubMed

41.

Gilbert M, Busund R, Skagseth A et al (2000) Resuscitation from accidental hypothermia of 13.7ºC with circulatory arrest. Lancet 355:375–376 PubMedCrossRef

42.

Mohr M, Kettler D (1997) Ethical aspects of emergency medicine. Anaesthesist 46:275–281 PubMedCrossRef

43.

Horsted TI, Rasmussen LS, Lippert FK, Nielsen SL (2004) Outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest – why do physicians withhold resuscitation attempts? Resuscitation 63:287–293 PubMedCrossRef

44.

Morrison LJ, Visentin LM, Kiss A et al (2006) Validation of a rule for termination of resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 355:478–487 PubMedCrossRef

45.

Richman PB, Vadeboncoeur TF, Chikani V et al (2008) Independent evaluation of an out-of-hospital termination of resuscitation (TOR) clinical decision rule. Acad Emerg Med 15:517–521 PubMedCrossRef

46.

Morrison LJ, Verbeek PR, Zhan C et al (2009) Validation of a universal prehospital termination of resuscitation clinical prediction rule for advanced and basic life support providers. Resuscitation 80:324–328 PubMedCrossRef

47.

Skrifvars MB, Vayrynen T, Kuisma M et al (2010) Comparison of Helsinki and European Resuscitation Council „do not attempt to resuscitate“ guidelines, and a termination of resuscitation clinical prediction rule for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients found in asystole or pulseless electrical activity. Resuscitation 81:679–684 PubMedCrossRef

48.

Hillman K, Chen J, Cretikos M et al (2005) Introduction of the medical emergency team (MET) system: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 365:2091–2097 PubMedCrossRef

49.

Parr MJ, Hadfield JH, Flabouris A et al (2001) The medical emergency team: 12 month analysis of reasons for activation, immediate outcome and not-for-resuscitation orders. Resuscitation 50:39–44 PubMedCrossRef

50.

Hillman K, Parr M, Flabouris A et al (2001) Redefining in-hospital resuscitation: the concept of the medical emergency team. Resuscitation 48:105–110 PubMedCrossRef

51.

Danciu SC, Klein L, Hosseini MM et al (2004) A predictive model for survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Resuscitation 62:35–42 PubMedCrossRef

52.

Dautzenberg PL, Broekman TC, Hooyer C et al (1993) Review: patient-related predictors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation of hospitalized patients. Age Ageing 22:464–475 PubMedCrossRef

53.

Haukoos JS, Lewis RJ, Niemann JT (2004) Prediction rules for estimating neurologic outcome following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 63:145–155 PubMedCrossRef

54.

Herlitz J, Engdahl J, Svensson L et al (2004) Can we define patients with no chance of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest? Heart 90:1114–1118 PubMedCrossRef

55.

Herlitz J, Svensson L, Silfverstolpe J et al (2006) Characteristics and outcome amongst young adults suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation is attempted. J Intern Med 260:435–441 PubMedCrossRef

56.

Herlitz J, Engdahl J, Svensson L et al (2005) Factors associated with an increased chance of survival among patients suffering from an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a national perspective in Sweden. Am Heart J 149:61–66 PubMedCrossRef

57.

Herlitz J, Engdahl J, Svensson L et al (2005) Characteristics and outcome among children suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden. Resuscitation 64:37–40 PubMedCrossRef

58.

Ebell MH (1992) Prearrest predictors of survival following in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a meta-analysis. J Fam Pract 34:551–558 PubMed

59.

Larkin GL, Copes WS, Nathanson BH, Kaye W (2010) Pre-resuscitation factors associated with mortality in 49,130 cases of in-hospital cardiac arrest: A report from the national registry for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 81:302–311 PubMedCrossRef

60.

Bonnin MJ, Pepe PE, Kimball KT, Clark PS Jr (1993) Distinct criteria for termination of resuscitation in the out-of-hospital setting. JAMA 270:1457–1462 PubMedCrossRef

61.

Kellermann AL, Hackman BB, Somes G (1993) Predicting the outcome of unsuccessful prehospital advanced cardiac life support. JAMA 270:1433–1436 PubMedCrossRef

62.

Olasveengen TM, Wik L, Steen PA (2008) Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation before and during transport in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 76:185–190 PubMedCrossRef

63.

Nadkarni VM, Larkin GL, Peberdy MA et al (2006) First documented rhythm and clinical outcome from in-hospital cardiac arrest among children and adults. JAMA 295:50–57 PubMedCrossRef

64.

Wyllie J, Richmond S (2010) European resuscitation council guidelines for resuscitation 2010. Section 7. Resuscitation of babies at birth. Resuscitation 81

65.

Loertscher L, Reed DA, Bannon MP, Mueller PS (2010) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and do-not resuscitate orders: a guide for clinicians. Am J Med 123:4–9 PubMedCrossRef

66.

Førde R, Aasland OG, Steen PA (2002) Medical end-of-life decisions in Norway. Resuscitation 55:235–240 PubMedCrossRef

67.

Hammes BJ, Rooney BL (1998) Death and end-of-life planning in one midwestern community. Arch Intern Med 158:383–390 PubMedCrossRef

68.

Tolle SW, Tilden VP, Nelson CA, Dunn PM (1998) A prospective study of the efficacy of the physician order form for life-sustaining treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 46:1097–1102 PubMed

69.

Dunn PM, Schmidt TA, Carley MM et al (1996) A method to communicate patient preferences about medically indicated life-sustaining treatment in the out-of hospital setting. J Am Geriatr Soc 44:785–791 PubMed

70.

Lee MA, Brummel-Smith K, Meyer J et al (2000) Physician orders for life-sustaining treatment (POLST): outcomes in a PACE program. Program of all-inclusive care for the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 48:1343–1344

71.

Schmidt TA, Hickman SE, Tolle SW, Brooks HS (2004) The physician orders for life-sustaining treatment program: Oregon emergency medical technicians‘ practical experiences and attitudes. J Am Geriatr Soc 52:1430–1434 PubMedCrossRef

72.

Hickman SE, Nelson CA, Moss AH et al (2009) Use of the Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) paradigm program in the hospice setting. J Palliat Med 12:133–141 PubMedCrossRef

73.

Teno J, Lynn J, Connors AF Jr et al (1997) The illusion of end-of-life resource savings with advance directives. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to understand prognoses and preferences for outcomes and risks of treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 45:513–518 PubMed

74.

Schneiderman LJ, Kronick R, Kaplan RM et al (1992) Effects of offering advance directives on medical treatments and costs. Ann Intern Med 117:599–606 PubMed

75.

Teno JM, Stevens M, Spernak S, Lynn J (1998) Role of written advance directives in decision making: insights from qualitative and quantitative data. J Gen Intern Med 13:439–446 PubMedCrossRef

76.

Teno J, Lynn J, Wenger N et al (1997) Advance directives for seriously ill hospitalized patients: effectiveness with the patient self-determination act and the SUPPORT intervention. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 45:500–507 PubMed

77.

Bell D (o J) Emergency medicine and organ donation – A core responsibility at a time of need or threat to professional integrity. Resuscitation. In Press, Corrected Proof

78.

Rady MY, Verheijde JL, McGregor JL (o J) Scientific, legal, and ethical challenges of end-of-life organ procurement in emergency medicine. Resuscitation. In Press, Corrected Proof

79.

Fondevila C, Hessheimer AJ, Ruiz A et al (2007) Liver transplant using donors after unexpected cardiac death: novel preservation protocol and acceptance criteria. Am J Transplant 7:1849–1855 PubMedCrossRef

80.

Mateos-Rodríguez A, Pardillos-Ferrer L, Navalpotro-Pascual JM et al (2010) Kidney transplant function using organs from non-heart-beating donors maintained by mechanical chest compressions. Resuscitation 81:904–907 PubMedCrossRef

81.

Doyle CJ, Post H, Burney RE et al (1987) Family participation during resuscitation: an option. Ann Emerg Med 16:673–675 PubMedCrossRef

82.

Boie ET, Moore GP, Brummett C, Nelson DR (1999) Do parents want to be present during invasive procedures performed on their children in the emergency department? A survey of 400 parents. Ann Emerg Med 34:70–74 PubMedCrossRef

83.

Azoulay E, Sprung CL (2004) Family-physician interactions in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 32:2323–2328 PubMed

84.

Boudreaux ED, Francis JL, Loyacano T (2002) Family presence during invasive procedures and resuscitations in the emergency department: a critical review and suggestions for future research. Ann Emerg Med 40:193–205 PubMedCrossRef

85.

Fulbrook P, Latour JM, Albarran JW et al (2007) Paediatric critical care nurses‘ attitudes and experiences of parental presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a European survey. Int J Nurs Stud 44:1238–1249 PubMedCrossRef

86.

Fulbrook P, Latour J, Albarran J et al (2007) The presence of family members during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: European federation of Critical Care Nursing associations, European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care and European Society of Cardiology Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions Joint Position Statement. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 6:255–258 PubMedCrossRef

87.

Eichhorn DJ, Meyers T, Guzzetta CE et al (2001) Family presence during invasive procedures and resuscitation: Hearing the voice of the patient. Am J Nurs 101:48–55 PubMedCrossRef

88.

Wagner JM (2004) Lived experience of critically ill patients‘ family members during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am J Crit Care 13:416–420 PubMed

89.

Gazmuri RJ, Nolan JP, Nadkarni VM et al (2007) Scientific knowledge gaps and clinical research priorities for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care identified during the 2005 International Consensus Conference on ECC and CPR Science with Treatment Recommendations. A consensus statement from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation; the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; the Stroke council; and the Cardiovascular Nursing Council. Resuscitation 75:400–411 PubMedCrossRef

90.

Nolan JP, Hazinski MF, Billi JE et al (2010) International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Part 1: Executive summary. Resuscitation. In Press

91.

U.S. Department of Health and Human services (1996) Protection of human subjects: Informed consent and waiver of informed consent requirements in certain emergency research. Final rules. Codified at 21 CFR, Part 50, and 45 CFR, Part 46. Fed Regist 61:51500–51533

92.

Fontaine N, Rosengren B (2001) Directive/20/EC of the European Parliament and Council of 4th April 2001 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the member states relating to the implementation of good clinical practice in the conduct of trials on medical products for human use. The Official Journal of the European Communities 212:34–44

93.

Lemaire F, Bion J, Blanco J et al (2005) The European Union Directive on Clinical Research: present status of implementation in EU member states‘ legislations with regard to the incompetent patient. Intensive Care Med 31:476–479 PubMedCrossRef

94.

Nichol G, Huszti E, Rokosh J et al (2004) Impact of informed consent requirements on cardiac arrest research in the United States: exception from consent or from research? Resuscitation 62:3–23 PubMedCrossRef

95.

(o A) (1996) Protection of human subjects; informed consent – FDA. Final rule. Fed Regist 61:51498–51533

96.

Mosesso VN Jr, Brown LH, Greene HL et al (2004) Conducting research using the emergency exception from informed consent: the Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) Trial experience. Resuscitation 61:29–36 PubMedCrossRef

97.

Hiller KM, Haukoos JS, Heard K et al (2005) Impact of the Final Rule on the rate of clinical cardiac arrest research in the United States. Acad Emerg Med 12:1091–1098 PubMedCrossRef

98.

Morag RM, DeSouza S, Steen PA et al (2005) Performing procedures on the newly deceased for teaching purposes: What if we were to ask? Arch Intern Med 165:92–96 PubMedCrossRef

99.

Hergenroeder GW, Prator BC, Chow AF, Powner DJ (2007) Postmortem intubation training: patient and family opinion. Med Educ 41:1210–1216 PubMedCrossRef

100.

Baskett PJ, Steen PA, Bossaert L (2005) European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2005. Section 8. The ethics of resuscitation and end-of-life decisions. Resuscitation 67(Suppl 1):171–180 CrossRef

Titel: Ethik der Reanimation und Entscheidungen am Lebensende
Sektion 10 der Leitlinien zur Reanimation 2010 des European Resuscitation Council
Autoren:: F.K. Lippert
V. Raffay
M. Georgiou
P.A. Steen
L. Bossaert
Publikationsdatum: 01.11.2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-010-1376-x
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Zeitschrift: Notfall + Rettungsmedizin Zeitschrift für präklinische und innerklinische Notfallmedizin
Ausgabe 7/2010
Print ISSN: 1434-6222
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-0578

Springerpflege

Tipp

Weitere Artikel dieser Ausgabe durch Wischen aufrufen

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Sie möchten Zugang zu diesem Inhalt erhalten? Dann informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Notfall + Rettungsmedizin

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2010

Erweiterte Reanimationsmaßnahmen für Erwachsene („advanced life support“)

Versorgung und Reanimation des Neugeborenen

Foreword

Elektrotherapie: automatisierte externe Defibrillatoren, Defibrillation, Kardioversion und Schrittmachertherapie

Kreislaufstillstand unter besonderen Umständen: Elektrolytstörungen, Vergiftungen, Ertrinken, Unterkühlung, Hitzekrankheit, Asthma, Anaphylaxie, Herzchirurgie, Trauma, Schwangerschaft, Stromunfall

Vorwort zu den Leitlinien zur Reanimation 2010 des European Resuscitation Council