Skip to main content

2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Empirische Erkenntnisse zu „Qualität in der Pflege“

verfasst von : Martina Hasseler

Erschienen in: Qualitätsmessung in der Pflege

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Die internationale und nationale Literaturlage zu „Qualität in der Pflege“ lässt nicht nur die Aussage belegen, dass Qualität multidimensional und abhängig von der Perspektive der beteiligten Personen- und Berufsgruppen unterschiedlich verstanden und definiert wird, sondern viele Fragen zu Entstehung von Qualität in der Pflege noch offen sind. Deutlich wird jedoch, dass der bislang dominierende lineare Ansatz, der von Donabedian`s Struktur-, Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität ausgeht, nicht länger haltbar ist. Qualität in der Pflege hängt von unterschiedlichen Faktoren ab, die von Personalzusammensetzung und –qualifikation bis hin zu Führungsstilen, politischen Reformen etc. reichen. Das bislang vorhandene lineare Qualitätsverständnis wird auf Dauer nicht zu einer realen Verbesserung der Qualität in den diversen Bereichen und Dimensionen pflegerischer Versorgung führen, da Hinweise darüber fehlen, wie Ergebnisse und Prozesse zustande kommen und an welchen Stellschrauben mit dem Ziel der Qualitätsverbesserung gedreht werden sollte. In der Zukunft ist erforderlich, in der Langzeitpflege das Gesamtsystem der pflegerischen Versorgung mit den entsprechenden internen und externen Faktoren zu betrachten.
Fußnoten
1
Im internationalen Raum sind einige Untersuchungen publiziert, die auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen den Einfluss von Führungsstilen auf die pflegerischen Berufsgruppen untersuchen (Zufriedenheit, Empowerment, Fluktuation) (z. B. Laschinger et al. 2009; Purdy et al. 2010). Es erscheint angebracht, diesen Zusammenhang auch in Deutschland zu thematisieren.
 
2
So verweisen Wan et al. (2010) darauf, dass die Qualität der pflegerischen Versorgung in den Einrichtungen typischerweise konsistent ist. D. h., sie verändert sich nur wenig über einen längeren Zeitraum. Einrichtungen, die eine schlechte Qualität zeigen, verbessern diese in aller Regel nicht wesentlich und Einrichtungen mit hoher Qualität verbleiben auch eher im oberen Bereich der Qualitätsmessungen. Ganz offensichtlich scheinen regionale Faktoren, Lage der Einrichtungen (auch Stadt, Land), durchschnittliches Alter der Bewohner und weitere Kontextvariablen eine Erklärung für dieses Phänomen zu bieten. In den USA kann bspw. gezeigt werden, dass Zugehörigkeit zu einer Ethnie Einfluss auf die Qualität der pflegerischen Versorgung hat. So werden bspw. Afro-Amerikaner häufiger in Pflegeheimen mit schlechter Pflegequalität eingewiesen.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Antwi YA, Bowblis JR (2016) The impact von nurse turnover on quality of care and mortality in nursing homes: evidence from the great depression. W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research Antwi YA, Bowblis JR (2016) The impact von nurse turnover on quality of care and mortality in nursing homes: evidence from the great depression. W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research
Zurück zum Zitat Backhaus R et al (2014) Nurse staffing impact on quality of care in nursing homes: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. JAMDA 15:383–393PubMed Backhaus R et al (2014) Nurse staffing impact on quality of care in nursing homes: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. JAMDA 15:383–393PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Barba BE et al (2011) Quality geriatric care perceived by nurses in long-term and acute care settings. J Clin Nurs 21:833–840CrossRef Barba BE et al (2011) Quality geriatric care perceived by nurses in long-term and acute care settings. J Clin Nurs 21:833–840CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Burhans LM, Allligood MR (2010) Quality nursing care in the words of nurses. J Adv Nurs 66(8):1689–1697CrossRef Burhans LM, Allligood MR (2010) Quality nursing care in the words of nurses. J Adv Nurs 66(8):1689–1697CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Castle NG (2012) Reviewing the evidence base for nurse staffing and quality of care in nursing homes. Evid Based Nurs 15:23–24CrossRef Castle NG (2012) Reviewing the evidence base for nurse staffing and quality of care in nursing homes. Evid Based Nurs 15:23–24CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Castle NG, Decker FH (2011) Top management leadership style and quality of care in nursing homes. Gerontologist 51(5):630–642CrossRef Castle NG, Decker FH (2011) Top management leadership style and quality of care in nursing homes. Gerontologist 51(5):630–642CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Castle NG, Engberg J (2007) The influence of staffing characteristics on quality of care in nursing homes. Health Serv Res 42(5):1822–1847CrossRef Castle NG, Engberg J (2007) The influence of staffing characteristics on quality of care in nursing homes. Health Serv Res 42(5):1822–1847CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Castle NG, Ferguson JC (2010) What is nursing home quality and how is it measured? Gerontologist 50(4):426–442CrossRef Castle NG, Ferguson JC (2010) What is nursing home quality and how is it measured? Gerontologist 50(4):426–442CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chu CH et al (2016) An integrative review of the structures and processes related to nurse supervisory performance in long-term-care. Evid Rev 13(6):411–419 Chu CH et al (2016) An integrative review of the structures and processes related to nurse supervisory performance in long-term-care. Evid Rev 13(6):411–419
Zurück zum Zitat Dellefield ME et al (2015) The relationship between registered nurses and nursing home quality. Nurs Econ 33(2):95–108PubMed Dellefield ME et al (2015) The relationship between registered nurses and nursing home quality. Nurs Econ 33(2):95–108PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Flynn L et al (2010) Effects of nursing practice environments on quality outcomes in nursing homes. J Am Geriat Soc 58(12):2401–2406CrossRef Flynn L et al (2010) Effects of nursing practice environments on quality outcomes in nursing homes. J Am Geriat Soc 58(12):2401–2406CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Geraedts M et al (2011) Beurteilungskriterien für die Auswahl einer Einrichtung. In: Böcken J et al (Hrsg) Gesundheitsmonitor 2011. BertelsmannStiftung, Gütersloh, S 155–172 Geraedts M et al (2011) Beurteilungskriterien für die Auswahl einer Einrichtung. In: Böcken J et al (Hrsg) Gesundheitsmonitor 2011. BertelsmannStiftung, Gütersloh, S 155–172
Zurück zum Zitat Griffiths P et al (2014) Nurses’ shift length and overtime work in 12 European Countries. The association with perceived quality of care and patient safety. Med Care 52(11):975–981CrossRef Griffiths P et al (2014) Nurses’ shift length and overtime work in 12 European Countries. The association with perceived quality of care and patient safety. Med Care 52(11):975–981CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Harrington C et al (2003) Designing a report card for nursing facilities: what information is needed and why. Gerontologist 43(Special Issue II):47–57CrossRef Harrington C et al (2003) Designing a report card for nursing facilities: what information is needed and why. Gerontologist 43(Special Issue II):47–57CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hasson H, Arnetz JE (2011) Care recipients’and family members’perceptions of quality of life of older people care: a comparison of home-based care and nursing homes. J Clin Nurs 20:1423–1435CrossRef Hasson H, Arnetz JE (2011) Care recipients’and family members’perceptions of quality of life of older people care: a comparison of home-based care and nursing homes. J Clin Nurs 20:1423–1435CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Havig AK et al (2011) Leadership, staffing and quality of care in nursing homes. BMC Health Serv Res 11(1):327 Havig AK et al (2011) Leadership, staffing and quality of care in nursing homes. BMC Health Serv Res 11(1):327
Zurück zum Zitat Isola A (2008) Quality of institutional care of older people as evaluated by nursing staff. J Clin Nurs 17:2480–2489CrossRef Isola A (2008) Quality of institutional care of older people as evaluated by nursing staff. J Clin Nurs 17:2480–2489CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kajonuius PJ, Kazemi A (2016) Structure and process quality as predictors of satisfaction with elderly care. Health Soc Care Community 24(6):699–707CrossRef Kajonuius PJ, Kazemi A (2016) Structure and process quality as predictors of satisfaction with elderly care. Health Soc Care Community 24(6):699–707CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kim H et al (2009) Registered nurse staffing mix and quality of care in nursing homes: a longitudinal analysis. Gerontologist 49(1):81–90CrossRef Kim H et al (2009) Registered nurse staffing mix and quality of care in nursing homes: a longitudinal analysis. Gerontologist 49(1):81–90CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kjos BO, Havig AK (2016) An examination of quality of care in Norwegian nursing homes – a change to more activities? Scand J Caring Sci 30(2):330–339CrossRef Kjos BO, Havig AK (2016) An examination of quality of care in Norwegian nursing homes – a change to more activities? Scand J Caring Sci 30(2):330–339CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kurtzmann ET (2010) A transparency and accountability framework for high-value inpatient nursing care. Nurs Econ 28(5):295–306 Kurtzmann ET (2010) A transparency and accountability framework for high-value inpatient nursing care. Nurs Econ 28(5):295–306
Zurück zum Zitat Kvist T et al (2014) The relationship between patients’ perceptions of care quality and three factors: nursing staff job satisfaction, organizational characteristics and patient age. BMC Health Serv Res 14(1):466 Kvist T et al (2014) The relationship between patients’ perceptions of care quality and three factors: nursing staff job satisfaction, organizational characteristics and patient age. BMC Health Serv Res 14(1):466
Zurück zum Zitat Laschinger HK et al (2009) Workplace environment, incivility, and burnout: impact on staff nurse recruitment and retention outcomes. J Nurs Manag 17:302–311CrossRef Laschinger HK et al (2009) Workplace environment, incivility, and burnout: impact on staff nurse recruitment and retention outcomes. J Nurs Manag 17:302–311CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li Y et al (2014) Associations between family rating on experience with care and clinical quality-of-care measures for nursing home residents. Med Care Res 73(1):63–84 Li Y et al (2014) Associations between family rating on experience with care and clinical quality-of-care measures for nursing home residents. Med Care Res 73(1):63–84
Zurück zum Zitat Lin H (2014) Revisiting the relationship between nurse staffing and quality of care in nursing homes: an instrumental variables approach. Health Econ 37:13–24CrossRef Lin H (2014) Revisiting the relationship between nurse staffing and quality of care in nursing homes: an instrumental variables approach. Health Econ 37:13–24CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McGilton KM et al (2016) Outcomes related to effective nurse supervision in long-term care homes: an integrative review. J Nurs Manag 24:1007–1026CrossRef McGilton KM et al (2016) Outcomes related to effective nurse supervision in long-term care homes: an integrative review. J Nurs Manag 24:1007–1026CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mor V et al (2003) The quality of quality measurement in U.S. nursing homes. Gerontologist 43(Special Issue II):37–46CrossRef Mor V et al (2003) The quality of quality measurement in U.S. nursing homes. Gerontologist 43(Special Issue II):37–46CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Murphy K et al (2007) Nurses’ perceptions of quality and the factors that affect quality care of older people living in long-term care settings in Ireland. J Clin Nurs 16:873–884CrossRef Murphy K et al (2007) Nurses’ perceptions of quality and the factors that affect quality care of older people living in long-term care settings in Ireland. J Clin Nurs 16:873–884CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Purdy N et al (2010) Effects of work environments on nurse and patient outcomes. J Nurs Manag 18:901–913CrossRef Purdy N et al (2010) Effects of work environments on nurse and patient outcomes. J Nurs Manag 18:901–913CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Reichert AR, Stroka MA (2014) Nursing home prices and quality of care – evidence form administrative data. RUHR Economic Papers #470. RUB, RWI Reichert AR, Stroka MA (2014) Nursing home prices and quality of care – evidence form administrative data. RUHR Economic Papers #470. RUB, RWI
Zurück zum Zitat Stadnyk RL et al (2011) Improving quality of care in nursing homes: what works? CMAJ 183(11):1238–1239CrossRef Stadnyk RL et al (2011) Improving quality of care in nursing homes: what works? CMAJ 183(11):1238–1239CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Stalpers D et al (2015) Associations between characteristics of the nurse work environment and five nurse-sensitive patient outcomes in hospitals: a systematic review of literature. Int J Nurs Stud 52:817–835CrossRef Stalpers D et al (2015) Associations between characteristics of the nurse work environment and five nurse-sensitive patient outcomes in hospitals: a systematic review of literature. Int J Nurs Stud 52:817–835CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Spilsbury K et al (2011) The relationship between nurse staffing and quality of care in nursing homes: a systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 48:732–750CrossRef Spilsbury K et al (2011) The relationship between nurse staffing and quality of care in nursing homes: a systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 48:732–750CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tenkin-Greener H (2012) Nursing home environment and the risk of pressure ulcers and incontinence. Health Serv Res 47(3 Part I):1179–1200 Tenkin-Greener H (2012) Nursing home environment and the risk of pressure ulcers and incontinence. Health Serv Res 47(3 Part I):1179–1200
Zurück zum Zitat Tolson E et al (2014) Editorial. Quality of life and care in the nursing home. JAMDA 15:154–157PubMed Tolson E et al (2014) Editorial. Quality of life and care in the nursing home. JAMDA 15:154–157PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Unruh L, Wan TT (2004) A systems framework for evaluating nursing care quality in nursing homes. J Med Syst 28(2):197–214CrossRef Unruh L, Wan TT (2004) A systems framework for evaluating nursing care quality in nursing homes. J Med Syst 28(2):197–214CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vinsnens AG et al (2011) Quality of Care in Norwegian nursing homes – typology of family perceptions. J Clin Nurs 21:243–254CrossRef Vinsnens AG et al (2011) Quality of Care in Norwegian nursing homes – typology of family perceptions. J Clin Nurs 21:243–254CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wan TTH et al (2010) Improving the quality of care in nursing homes. An evidence-based approach. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore Wan TTH et al (2010) Improving the quality of care in nursing homes. An evidence-based approach. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Zurück zum Zitat Wiener JM (2003) An assessment of strategies for improving quality of care in nursing homes. Gerontologist 43(2):19–27CrossRef Wiener JM (2003) An assessment of strategies for improving quality of care in nursing homes. Gerontologist 43(2):19–27CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhaou X (2016) Competition, information, and quality: evidence from nursing homes. J Econ 49:136–152 Zhaou X (2016) Competition, information, and quality: evidence from nursing homes. J Econ 49:136–152
Metadaten
Titel
Empirische Erkenntnisse zu „Qualität in der Pflege“
verfasst von
Martina Hasseler
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58022-6_3