Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Notfall + Rettungsmedizin 4/2021

02.06.2021 | ERC Leitlinien

Basismaßnahmen zur Wiederbelebung Erwachsener (Basic Life Support)

Leitlinien des European Resuscitation Council 2021

verfasst von: Theresa M. Olasveengen, Federico Semeraro, Giuseppe Ristagno, Maaret Castren, Anthony Handley, Artem Kuzovlev, Koenraad G. Monsieurs, Violetta Raffay, Michael Smyth, Jasmeet Soar, Hildigunnur Svavarsdóttir, Gavin D. Perkins

Erschienen in: Notfall + Rettungsmedizin | Ausgabe 4/2021

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Der Europäische Rat für Wiederbelebung hat diese Leitlinie – Basismaßnahmen zur Wiederbelebung – auf Grundlage des International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations 2020 erstellt. Die behandelten Themen umfassen: Erkennen eines Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstands, Alarmierung des Rettungsdiensts, Herzdruckmassage (Thoraxkompressionen), Beatmung/Atemspende, automatisierte externe Defibrillation (AED), Qualitätsmessung der Wiederbelebung, neue Technologien, Sicherheit und Verlegung der Atemwege durch Fremdkörper.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Olasveengen TM, Mancini ME, Perkins GD, Avis S, Brooks S et al (2020) Adult basic life support 2020 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Resuscitation 161:98–114 Olasveengen TM, Mancini ME, Perkins GD, Avis S, Brooks S et al (2020) Adult basic life support 2020 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Resuscitation 161:98–114
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Koster RW, Sayre MR, Botha M, et al (2010) Part 5: Adult basic life support: 2010 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Resuscitation 81(Suppl.1):e48–70PubMed Koster RW, Sayre MR, Botha M, et al (2010) Part 5: Adult basic life support: 2010 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Resuscitation 81(Suppl.1):e48–70PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Perkins GD, Morley PT, Nolan JP et al (2020) International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation: COVID-19 consensus on science, treatment recommendations and task force insights. Resuscitation 151:145–147PubMedPubMedCentral Perkins GD, Morley PT, Nolan JP et al (2020) International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation: COVID-19 consensus on science, treatment recommendations and task force insights. Resuscitation 151:145–147PubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Couper K, Taylor-Phillips S, Grove A et al (2020) COVID-19 in cardiac arrest and infection risk to rescuers: a systematic review. Resuscitation 151:59–66PubMedPubMedCentral Couper K, Taylor-Phillips S, Grove A et al (2020) COVID-19 in cardiac arrest and infection risk to rescuers: a systematic review. Resuscitation 151:59–66PubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Nolan JP, Monsieurs KG, Bossaert L et al (2020) European Resuscitation Council COVID-19 guidelines executive summary. Resuscitation 153:45–55PubMedPubMedCentral Nolan JP, Monsieurs KG, Bossaert L et al (2020) European Resuscitation Council COVID-19 guidelines executive summary. Resuscitation 153:45–55PubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Koster RW, Sayre MR, Botha M et al (2010) Part 5: adult basic life support: 2010 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Resuscitation 81(Suppl 1):e48–e70PubMed Koster RW, Sayre MR, Botha M et al (2010) Part 5: adult basic life support: 2010 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Resuscitation 81(Suppl 1):e48–e70PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Bahr J, Klingler H, Panzer W, Rode H, Kettler D (1997) Skills of lay people in checking the carotid pulse. Resuscitation 35:23–26PubMed Bahr J, Klingler H, Panzer W, Rode H, Kettler D (1997) Skills of lay people in checking the carotid pulse. Resuscitation 35:23–26PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruppert M, Reith MW, Widmann JH et al (1999) Checking for breathing: evaluation of the diagnostic capability of emergency medical services personnel, physicians, medical students, and medical laypersons. Ann Emerg Med 34:720–729PubMed Ruppert M, Reith MW, Widmann JH et al (1999) Checking for breathing: evaluation of the diagnostic capability of emergency medical services personnel, physicians, medical students, and medical laypersons. Ann Emerg Med 34:720–729PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Perkins GD, Stephenson B, Hulme J, Monsieurs KG (2005) Birmingham assessment of breathing study (BABS). Resuscitation 64:109–113PubMed Perkins GD, Stephenson B, Hulme J, Monsieurs KG (2005) Birmingham assessment of breathing study (BABS). Resuscitation 64:109–113PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Handley AJ, Koster R, Monsieurs K, Perkins GD, Davies S, Bossaert L (2005) European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2005. Section 2. Adult basic life support and use of automated external defibrillators. Resuscitation 67(Suppl 1):S7–S23PubMed Handley AJ, Koster R, Monsieurs K, Perkins GD, Davies S, Bossaert L (2005) European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2005. Section 2. Adult basic life support and use of automated external defibrillators. Resuscitation 67(Suppl 1):S7–S23PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Anonymous (2000) Part 3: adult basic life support. European Resuscitation Council. Resuscitation 46:29–71 Anonymous (2000) Part 3: adult basic life support. European Resuscitation Council. Resuscitation 46:29–71
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Clark JJ, Larsen MP, Culley LL, Graves JR, Eisenberg MS (1992) Incidence of agonal respirations in sudden cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med 21:1464–1467PubMed Clark JJ, Larsen MP, Culley LL, Graves JR, Eisenberg MS (1992) Incidence of agonal respirations in sudden cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med 21:1464–1467PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Debaty G, Labarere J, Frascone RJ et al (2017) Long-term prognostic value of gasping during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol 70:1467–1476PubMed Debaty G, Labarere J, Frascone RJ et al (2017) Long-term prognostic value of gasping during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol 70:1467–1476PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Bang A, Herlitz J, Martinell S (2003) Interaction between emergency medical dispatcher and caller in suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrest calls with focus on agonal breathing. A review of 100 tape recordings of true cardiac arrest cases. Resuscitation 56:25–34PubMed Bang A, Herlitz J, Martinell S (2003) Interaction between emergency medical dispatcher and caller in suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrest calls with focus on agonal breathing. A review of 100 tape recordings of true cardiac arrest cases. Resuscitation 56:25–34PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Riou M, Ball S, Williams TA et al (2018) ‘She’s sort of breathing’: what linguistic factors determine call-taker recognition of agonal breathing in emergency calls for cardiac arrest? Resuscitation 122:92–98PubMed Riou M, Ball S, Williams TA et al (2018) ‘She’s sort of breathing’: what linguistic factors determine call-taker recognition of agonal breathing in emergency calls for cardiac arrest? Resuscitation 122:92–98PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Dami F, Heymann E, Pasquier M, Fuchs V, Carron PN, Hugli O (2015) Time to identify cardiac arrest and provide dispatch-assisted cardio-pulmonary resuscitation in a criteria-based dispatch system. Resuscitation 97:27–33PubMed Dami F, Heymann E, Pasquier M, Fuchs V, Carron PN, Hugli O (2015) Time to identify cardiac arrest and provide dispatch-assisted cardio-pulmonary resuscitation in a criteria-based dispatch system. Resuscitation 97:27–33PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Bohm K, Rosenqvist M, Hollenberg J, Biber B, Engerstrom L, Svensson L (2007) Dispatcher-assisted telephone-guided cardiopulmonary resuscitation: An underused lifesaving system. Eur J Emerg Med 14:256–259PubMed Bohm K, Rosenqvist M, Hollenberg J, Biber B, Engerstrom L, Svensson L (2007) Dispatcher-assisted telephone-guided cardiopulmonary resuscitation: An underused lifesaving system. Eur J Emerg Med 14:256–259PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Fukushima H, Imanishi M, Iwami T et al (2015) Abnormal breathing of sudden cardiac arrest victims described by laypersons and its association with emergency medical service dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation instruction. Emerg Med Clin North Am 32:314–317 Fukushima H, Imanishi M, Iwami T et al (2015) Abnormal breathing of sudden cardiac arrest victims described by laypersons and its association with emergency medical service dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation instruction. Emerg Med Clin North Am 32:314–317
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Berdowski J, Beekhuis F, Zwinderman AH, Tijssen JG, Koster RW (2009) Importance of the first link: description and recognition of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in an emergency call. Circulation 119:2096–2102PubMed Berdowski J, Beekhuis F, Zwinderman AH, Tijssen JG, Koster RW (2009) Importance of the first link: description and recognition of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in an emergency call. Circulation 119:2096–2102PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Travers S, Jost D, Gillard Y et al (2014) Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest phone detection: those who most need chest compressions are the most difficult to recognize. Resuscitation 85:1720–1725PubMed Travers S, Jost D, Gillard Y et al (2014) Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest phone detection: those who most need chest compressions are the most difficult to recognize. Resuscitation 85:1720–1725PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Vaillancourt C, Verma A, Trickett J et al (2007) Evaluating the effectiveness of dispatch-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructions. Acad Emerg Med 14:877–883PubMed Vaillancourt C, Verma A, Trickett J et al (2007) Evaluating the effectiveness of dispatch-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructions. Acad Emerg Med 14:877–883PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Brinkrolf P, Metelmann B, Scharte C, Zarbock A, Hahnenkamp K, Bohn A (2018) Bystander-witnessed cardiac arrest is associated with reported agonal breathing and leads to less frequent bystander CPR. Resuscitation 127:114–118PubMed Brinkrolf P, Metelmann B, Scharte C, Zarbock A, Hahnenkamp K, Bohn A (2018) Bystander-witnessed cardiac arrest is associated with reported agonal breathing and leads to less frequent bystander CPR. Resuscitation 127:114–118PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Hardeland C, Sunde K, Ramsdal H et al (2016) Factors impacting upon timely and adequate allocation of prehospital medical assistance and resources to cardiac arrest patients. Resuscitation 109:56–63PubMed Hardeland C, Sunde K, Ramsdal H et al (2016) Factors impacting upon timely and adequate allocation of prehospital medical assistance and resources to cardiac arrest patients. Resuscitation 109:56–63PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Viereck S, Moller TP, Ersboll AK et al (2017) Recognising out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during emergency calls increases bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival. Resuscitation 115:141–147PubMed Viereck S, Moller TP, Ersboll AK et al (2017) Recognising out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during emergency calls increases bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival. Resuscitation 115:141–147PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Feldman MJ, Verbeek PR, Lyons DG, Chad SJ, Craig AM, Schwartz B (2006) Comparison of the medical priority dispatch system to an out-of-hospital patient acuity score. Acad Emerg Med 13:954–960PubMed Feldman MJ, Verbeek PR, Lyons DG, Chad SJ, Craig AM, Schwartz B (2006) Comparison of the medical priority dispatch system to an out-of-hospital patient acuity score. Acad Emerg Med 13:954–960PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Sporer KA, Johnson NJ (2011) Detailed analysis of prehospital interventions in medical priority dispatch system determinants. West J Emerg Med 12:19–29PubMedPubMedCentral Sporer KA, Johnson NJ (2011) Detailed analysis of prehospital interventions in medical priority dispatch system determinants. West J Emerg Med 12:19–29PubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Clawson J, Olola C, Scott G, Heward A, Patterson B (2008) Effect of a Medical Priority Dispatch System key question addition in the seizure/convulsion/fitting protocol to improve recognition of ineffective (agonal) breathing. Resuscitation 79:257–264PubMed Clawson J, Olola C, Scott G, Heward A, Patterson B (2008) Effect of a Medical Priority Dispatch System key question addition in the seizure/convulsion/fitting protocol to improve recognition of ineffective (agonal) breathing. Resuscitation 79:257–264PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Dami F, Rossetti AO, Fuchs V, Yersin B, Hugli O (2012) Proportion of out-of-hospital adult non-traumatic cardiac or respiratory arrest among calls for seizure. Emerg Med 29:758–760 Dami F, Rossetti AO, Fuchs V, Yersin B, Hugli O (2012) Proportion of out-of-hospital adult non-traumatic cardiac or respiratory arrest among calls for seizure. Emerg Med 29:758–760
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwarzkoph M, Yin L, Hergert L, Drucker C, Counts CR, Eisenberg M (2020) Seizure-like presentation in OHCA creates barriers to dispatch recognition of cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 156:230–236PubMed Schwarzkoph M, Yin L, Hergert L, Drucker C, Counts CR, Eisenberg M (2020) Seizure-like presentation in OHCA creates barriers to dispatch recognition of cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 156:230–236PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Kamikura T, Iwasaki H, Myojo Y, Sakagami S, Takei Y, Inaba H (2015) Advantage of CPR-first over call-first actions for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in nonelderly patients and of noncardiac aetiology. Resuscitation 96:37–45PubMed Kamikura T, Iwasaki H, Myojo Y, Sakagami S, Takei Y, Inaba H (2015) Advantage of CPR-first over call-first actions for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in nonelderly patients and of noncardiac aetiology. Resuscitation 96:37–45PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Orlowski JP (1986) Optimum position for external cardiac compression in infants and young children. Ann Emerg Med 15:667–673PubMed Orlowski JP (1986) Optimum position for external cardiac compression in infants and young children. Ann Emerg Med 15:667–673PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Cha KC, Kim HJ, Shin HJ, Kim H, Lee KH, Hwang SO (2013) Hemodynamic effect of external chest compressions at the lower end of the sternum in cardiac arrest patients. J Emerg Med 44:691–697PubMed Cha KC, Kim HJ, Shin HJ, Kim H, Lee KH, Hwang SO (2013) Hemodynamic effect of external chest compressions at the lower end of the sternum in cardiac arrest patients. J Emerg Med 44:691–697PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Qvigstad E, Kramer-Johansen J, Tomte O et al (2013) Clinical pilot study of different hand positions during manual chest compressions monitored with capnography. Resuscitation 84:1203–1207PubMed Qvigstad E, Kramer-Johansen J, Tomte O et al (2013) Clinical pilot study of different hand positions during manual chest compressions monitored with capnography. Resuscitation 84:1203–1207PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Park M, Oh WS, Chon SB, Cho S (2018) Optimum chest compression point for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children revisited using a 3D coordinate system imposed on CT: a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Pediatr Crit Care Med 19:e576–e584PubMed Park M, Oh WS, Chon SB, Cho S (2018) Optimum chest compression point for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children revisited using a 3D coordinate system imposed on CT: a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Pediatr Crit Care Med 19:e576–e584PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee J, Oh J, Lim TH et al (2018) Comparison of optimal point on the sternum for chest compression between obese and normal weight individuals with respect to body mass index, using computer tomography: A retrospective study. Resuscitation 128:1–5PubMed Lee J, Oh J, Lim TH et al (2018) Comparison of optimal point on the sternum for chest compression between obese and normal weight individuals with respect to body mass index, using computer tomography: A retrospective study. Resuscitation 128:1–5PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Nestaas S, Stensaeth KH, Rosseland V, Kramer-Johansen J (2016) Radiological assessment of chest compression point and achievable compression depth in cardiac patients. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 24:54PubMedPubMedCentral Nestaas S, Stensaeth KH, Rosseland V, Kramer-Johansen J (2016) Radiological assessment of chest compression point and achievable compression depth in cardiac patients. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 24:54PubMedPubMedCentral
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Cha KC, Kim YJ, Shin HJ et al (2013) Optimal position for external chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an analysis based on chest CT in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest. Emerg Med Clin North Am 30:615–619 Cha KC, Kim YJ, Shin HJ et al (2013) Optimal position for external chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an analysis based on chest CT in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest. Emerg Med Clin North Am 30:615–619
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Papadimitriou P, Chalkias A, Mastrokostopoulos A, Kapniari I, Xanthos T (2013) Anatomical structures underneath the sternum in healthy adults and implications for chest compressions. Am J Emerg Med 31:549–555PubMed Papadimitriou P, Chalkias A, Mastrokostopoulos A, Kapniari I, Xanthos T (2013) Anatomical structures underneath the sternum in healthy adults and implications for chest compressions. Am J Emerg Med 31:549–555PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Holmes S, Kirkpatrick ID, Zelop CM, Jassal DS (2015) MRI evaluation of maternal cardiac displacement in pregnancy: implications for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 213:401e1–401e5 Holmes S, Kirkpatrick ID, Zelop CM, Jassal DS (2015) MRI evaluation of maternal cardiac displacement in pregnancy: implications for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 213:401e1–401e5
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Catena E, Ottolina D, Fossali T et al (2019) Association between left ventricular outflow tract opening and successful resuscitation after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 138:8–14PubMed Catena E, Ottolina D, Fossali T et al (2019) Association between left ventricular outflow tract opening and successful resuscitation after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 138:8–14PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Park JB, Song IK, Lee JH, Kim EH, Kim HS, Kim JT (2016) Optimal chest compression position for patients with a single ventricle during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Pediatr Crit Care Med 17:303–306PubMed Park JB, Song IK, Lee JH, Kim EH, Kim HS, Kim JT (2016) Optimal chest compression position for patients with a single ventricle during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Pediatr Crit Care Med 17:303–306PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Considine J, Gazmuri RJ, Perkins GD et al (2020) Chest compression components (rate, depth, chest wall recoil and leaning): a scoping review. Resuscitation 146:188–202PubMed Considine J, Gazmuri RJ, Perkins GD et al (2020) Chest compression components (rate, depth, chest wall recoil and leaning): a scoping review. Resuscitation 146:188–202PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Perkins GD, Handley AJ, Koster RW et al (2015) European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 2. Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation. Resuscitation 95:81–99PubMed Perkins GD, Handley AJ, Koster RW et al (2015) European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 2. Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation. Resuscitation 95:81–99PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheskes S, Common MR, Byers AP, Zhan C, Silver A, Morrison LJ (2015) The association between chest compression release velocity and outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 86:38–43PubMed Cheskes S, Common MR, Byers AP, Zhan C, Silver A, Morrison LJ (2015) The association between chest compression release velocity and outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 86:38–43PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Hwang SO, Cha KC, Kim K et al (2016) A randomized controlled trial of compression rates during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Korean Med Sci 31:1491–1498PubMedPubMedCentral Hwang SO, Cha KC, Kim K et al (2016) A randomized controlled trial of compression rates during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Korean Med Sci 31:1491–1498PubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Kilgannon JH, Kirchhoff M, Pierce L, Aunchman N, Trzeciak S, Roberts BW (2017) Association between chest compression rates and clinical outcomes following in-hospital cardiac arrest at an academic tertiary hospital. Resuscitation 110:154–161PubMed Kilgannon JH, Kirchhoff M, Pierce L, Aunchman N, Trzeciak S, Roberts BW (2017) Association between chest compression rates and clinical outcomes following in-hospital cardiac arrest at an academic tertiary hospital. Resuscitation 110:154–161PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Kovacs A, Vadeboncoeur TF, Stolz U et al (2015) Chest compression release velocity: association with survival and favorable neurologic outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 92:107–114PubMed Kovacs A, Vadeboncoeur TF, Stolz U et al (2015) Chest compression release velocity: association with survival and favorable neurologic outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 92:107–114PubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Riyapan S, Naulnark T, Ruangsomboon O et al (2019) Improving quality of chest compression in Thai emergency department by using real-time audio-visual feedback cardio-pulmonary resuscitation monitoring. J Med Assoc Thail 102:245–251 Riyapan S, Naulnark T, Ruangsomboon O et al (2019) Improving quality of chest compression in Thai emergency department by using real-time audio-visual feedback cardio-pulmonary resuscitation monitoring. J Med Assoc Thail 102:245–251
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Sainio M, Hoppu S, Huhtala H, Eilevstjonn J, Olkkola KT, Tenhunen J (2015) Simultaneous beat-to-beat assessment of arterial blood pressure and quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital and in-hospital settings. Resuscitation 96:163–169PubMed Sainio M, Hoppu S, Huhtala H, Eilevstjonn J, Olkkola KT, Tenhunen J (2015) Simultaneous beat-to-beat assessment of arterial blood pressure and quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital and in-hospital settings. Resuscitation 96:163–169PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Sutton RM, Case E, Brown SP et al (2015) A quantitative analysis of out-of-hospital pediatric and adolescent resuscitation quality-—a report from the ROC epistry-cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 93:150–157PubMedPubMedCentral Sutton RM, Case E, Brown SP et al (2015) A quantitative analysis of out-of-hospital pediatric and adolescent resuscitation quality-—a report from the ROC epistry-cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 93:150–157PubMedPubMedCentral
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Sutton RM, Reeder RW, Landis W et al (2018) Chest compression rates and pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest survival outcomes. Resuscitation 130:159–166PubMedPubMedCentral Sutton RM, Reeder RW, Landis W et al (2018) Chest compression rates and pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest survival outcomes. Resuscitation 130:159–166PubMedPubMedCentral
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Edelson DP, Abella BS, Kramer-Johansen J et al (2006) Effects of compression depth and pre-shock pauses predict defibrillation failure during cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 71:137–145PubMed Edelson DP, Abella BS, Kramer-Johansen J et al (2006) Effects of compression depth and pre-shock pauses predict defibrillation failure during cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 71:137–145PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Kramer-Johansen J, Myklebust H, Wik L et al (2006) Quality of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation with real time automated feedback: a prospective interventional study. Resuscitation 71:283–292PubMed Kramer-Johansen J, Myklebust H, Wik L et al (2006) Quality of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation with real time automated feedback: a prospective interventional study. Resuscitation 71:283–292PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Kern KB, Sanders AB, Raife J, Milander MM, Otto CW, Ewy GA (1992) A study of chest compression rates during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans: the importance of rate-directed chest compressions. Arch Intern Med 152:145–149PubMed Kern KB, Sanders AB, Raife J, Milander MM, Otto CW, Ewy GA (1992) A study of chest compression rates during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans: the importance of rate-directed chest compressions. Arch Intern Med 152:145–149PubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Idris AH, Guffey D, Pepe PE et al (2015) Chest compression rates and survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 43:840–848PubMed Idris AH, Guffey D, Pepe PE et al (2015) Chest compression rates and survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 43:840–848PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Idris AH, Guffey D, Aufderheide TP et al (2012) Relationship between chest compression rates and outcomes from cardiac arrest. Circulation 125:3004–3012PubMedPubMedCentral Idris AH, Guffey D, Aufderheide TP et al (2012) Relationship between chest compression rates and outcomes from cardiac arrest. Circulation 125:3004–3012PubMedPubMedCentral
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Abella BS, Sandbo N, Vassilatos P et al (2005) Chest compression rates during cardiopulmonary resuscitation are suboptimal: a prospective study during in-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 111:428–434PubMed Abella BS, Sandbo N, Vassilatos P et al (2005) Chest compression rates during cardiopulmonary resuscitation are suboptimal: a prospective study during in-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 111:428–434PubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Ornato JP, Gonzalez ER, Garnett AR, Levine RL, McClung BK (1988) Effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation compression rate on end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration and arterial pressure in man. Crit Care Med 16:241–245PubMed Ornato JP, Gonzalez ER, Garnett AR, Levine RL, McClung BK (1988) Effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation compression rate on end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration and arterial pressure in man. Crit Care Med 16:241–245PubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Bohn A, Weber TP, Wecker S et al (2011) The addition of voice prompts to audiovisual feedback and debriefing does not modify CPR quality or outcomes in out of hospital cardiac arrest-—a prospective, randomized trial. Resuscitation 82:257–262PubMed Bohn A, Weber TP, Wecker S et al (2011) The addition of voice prompts to audiovisual feedback and debriefing does not modify CPR quality or outcomes in out of hospital cardiac arrest-—a prospective, randomized trial. Resuscitation 82:257–262PubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Stiell IG, Brown SP, Nichol G et al (2014) What is the optimal chest compression depth during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation of adult patients? Circulation 130:1962–1970PubMed Stiell IG, Brown SP, Nichol G et al (2014) What is the optimal chest compression depth during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation of adult patients? Circulation 130:1962–1970PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Vadeboncoeur T, Stolz U, Panchal A et al (2014) Chest compression depth and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 85:182–188PubMed Vadeboncoeur T, Stolz U, Panchal A et al (2014) Chest compression depth and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 85:182–188PubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Hellevuo H, Sainio M, Nevalainen R et al (2013) Deeper chest compression—more complications for cardiac arrest patients? Resuscitation 84:760–765PubMed Hellevuo H, Sainio M, Nevalainen R et al (2013) Deeper chest compression—more complications for cardiac arrest patients? Resuscitation 84:760–765PubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Stiell IG, Brown SP, Christenson J et al (2012) What is the role of chest compression depth during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation? Crit Care Med 40:1192–1198PubMedPubMedCentral Stiell IG, Brown SP, Christenson J et al (2012) What is the role of chest compression depth during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation? Crit Care Med 40:1192–1198PubMedPubMedCentral
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Babbs CF, Kemeny AE, Quan W, Freeman G (2008) A new paradigm for human resuscitation research using intelligent devices. Resuscitation 77:306–315PubMed Babbs CF, Kemeny AE, Quan W, Freeman G (2008) A new paradigm for human resuscitation research using intelligent devices. Resuscitation 77:306–315PubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Sutton RM, French B, Niles DE et al (2014) 2010 American Heart Association recommended compression depths during pediatric in-hospital resuscitations are associated with survival. Resuscitation 85:1179–1184PubMedPubMedCentral Sutton RM, French B, Niles DE et al (2014) 2010 American Heart Association recommended compression depths during pediatric in-hospital resuscitations are associated with survival. Resuscitation 85:1179–1184PubMedPubMedCentral
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Holt J, Ward A, Mohamed TY et al (2020) The optimal surface for delivery of CPR: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation 155:159–164PubMed Holt J, Ward A, Mohamed TY et al (2020) The optimal surface for delivery of CPR: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation 155:159–164PubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Perkins GD, Kocierz L, Smith SC, McCulloch RA, Davies RP (2009) Compression feedback devices over estimate chest compression depth when performed on a bed. Resuscitation 80:79–82PubMed Perkins GD, Kocierz L, Smith SC, McCulloch RA, Davies RP (2009) Compression feedback devices over estimate chest compression depth when performed on a bed. Resuscitation 80:79–82PubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Beesems SG, Koster RW (2014) Accurate feedback of chest compression depth on a manikin on a soft surface with correction for total body displacement. Resuscitation 85:1439–1443PubMed Beesems SG, Koster RW (2014) Accurate feedback of chest compression depth on a manikin on a soft surface with correction for total body displacement. Resuscitation 85:1439–1443PubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Nishisaki A, Maltese MR, Niles DE et al (2012) Backboards are important when chest compressions are provided on a soft mattress. Resuscitation 83:1013–1020PubMedPubMedCentral Nishisaki A, Maltese MR, Niles DE et al (2012) Backboards are important when chest compressions are provided on a soft mattress. Resuscitation 83:1013–1020PubMedPubMedCentral
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Sato H, Komasawa N, Ueki R et al (2011) Backboard insertion in the operating table increases chest compression depth: a manikin study. J Anesth 25:770–772PubMed Sato H, Komasawa N, Ueki R et al (2011) Backboard insertion in the operating table increases chest compression depth: a manikin study. J Anesth 25:770–772PubMed
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Song Y, Oh J, Lim T, Chee Y (2013) A new method to increase the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hospital. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013:469–472 Song Y, Oh J, Lim T, Chee Y (2013) A new method to increase the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hospital. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013:469–472
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee S, Oh J, Kang H et al (2015) Proper target depth of an accelerometer-based feedback device during CPR performed on a hospital bed: a randomized simulation study. Am J Emerg Med 33:1425–1429PubMed Lee S, Oh J, Kang H et al (2015) Proper target depth of an accelerometer-based feedback device during CPR performed on a hospital bed: a randomized simulation study. Am J Emerg Med 33:1425–1429PubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Oh J, Song Y, Kang B et al (2012) The use of dual accelerometers improves measurement of chest compression depth. Resuscitation 83:500–504PubMed Oh J, Song Y, Kang B et al (2012) The use of dual accelerometers improves measurement of chest compression depth. Resuscitation 83:500–504PubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruiz de Gauna S, Gonzalez-Otero DM, Ruiz J, Gutierrez JJ, Russell JK (2016) A feasibility study for measuring accurate chest compression depth and rate on soft surfaces using two accelerometers and spectral analysis. Biomed Res Int 2016:6596040PubMedPubMedCentral Ruiz de Gauna S, Gonzalez-Otero DM, Ruiz J, Gutierrez JJ, Russell JK (2016) A feasibility study for measuring accurate chest compression depth and rate on soft surfaces using two accelerometers and spectral analysis. Biomed Res Int 2016:6596040PubMedPubMedCentral
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Oh J, Chee Y, Song Y, Lim T, Kang H, Cho Y (2013) A novel method to decrease mattress compression during CPR using a mattress compression cover and a vacuum pump. Resuscitation 84:987–991PubMed Oh J, Chee Y, Song Y, Lim T, Kang H, Cho Y (2013) A novel method to decrease mattress compression during CPR using a mattress compression cover and a vacuum pump. Resuscitation 84:987–991PubMed
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Perkins GD, Benny R, Giles S, Gao F, Tweed MJ (2003) Do different mattresses affect the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Intensive Care Med 29:2330–2335PubMed Perkins GD, Benny R, Giles S, Gao F, Tweed MJ (2003) Do different mattresses affect the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Intensive Care Med 29:2330–2335PubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Tweed M, Tweed C, Perkins GD (2001) The effect of differing support surfaces on the efficacy of chest compressions using a resuscitation manikin model. Resuscitation 51:179–183PubMed Tweed M, Tweed C, Perkins GD (2001) The effect of differing support surfaces on the efficacy of chest compressions using a resuscitation manikin model. Resuscitation 51:179–183PubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Andersen LO, Isbye DL, Rasmussen LS (2007) Increasing compression depth during manikin CPR using a simple backboard. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 51:747–750PubMed Andersen LO, Isbye DL, Rasmussen LS (2007) Increasing compression depth during manikin CPR using a simple backboard. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 51:747–750PubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Fischer EJ, Mayrand K, Ten Eyck RP (2016) Effect of a backboard on compression depth during cardiac arrest in the ED: a simulation study. Am J Emerg Med 34:274–277PubMed Fischer EJ, Mayrand K, Ten Eyck RP (2016) Effect of a backboard on compression depth during cardiac arrest in the ED: a simulation study. Am J Emerg Med 34:274–277PubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Perkins GD, Smith CM, Augre C et al (2006) Effects of a backboard, bed height, and operator position on compression depth during simulated resuscitation. Intensive Care Med 32:1632–1635PubMed Perkins GD, Smith CM, Augre C et al (2006) Effects of a backboard, bed height, and operator position on compression depth during simulated resuscitation. Intensive Care Med 32:1632–1635PubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Sanri E, Karacabey S (2019) The impact of backboard placement on chest compression quality: a mannequin study. Prehosp Disaster med 34:182–187PubMed Sanri E, Karacabey S (2019) The impact of backboard placement on chest compression quality: a mannequin study. Prehosp Disaster med 34:182–187PubMed
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Putzer G, Fiala A, Braun P et al (2016) Manual versus mechanical chest compressions on surfaces of varying softness with or without backboards: a randomized, crossover manikin study. J Emerg Med 50:594–600e1PubMed Putzer G, Fiala A, Braun P et al (2016) Manual versus mechanical chest compressions on surfaces of varying softness with or without backboards: a randomized, crossover manikin study. J Emerg Med 50:594–600e1PubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Jantti H, Silfvast T, Turpeinen A, Kiviniemi V, Uusaro A (2009) Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation on manikins: on the floor and in the bed. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 53:1131–1137PubMed Jantti H, Silfvast T, Turpeinen A, Kiviniemi V, Uusaro A (2009) Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation on manikins: on the floor and in the bed. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 53:1131–1137PubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Olasveengen TM, de Caen AR, Mancini ME et al (2017) 2017 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations summary. Resuscitation 121:201–214PubMed Olasveengen TM, de Caen AR, Mancini ME et al (2017) 2017 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations summary. Resuscitation 121:201–214PubMed
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Ashoor HM, Lillie E, Zarin W et al (2017) Effectiveness of different compression-to-ventilation methods for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a systematic review. Resuscitation 118:112–125PubMed Ashoor HM, Lillie E, Zarin W et al (2017) Effectiveness of different compression-to-ventilation methods for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a systematic review. Resuscitation 118:112–125PubMed
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Garza AG, Gratton MC, Salomone JA, Lindholm D, McElroy J, Archer R (2009) Improved patient survival using a modified resuscitation protocol for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 119:2597–2605PubMed Garza AG, Gratton MC, Salomone JA, Lindholm D, McElroy J, Archer R (2009) Improved patient survival using a modified resuscitation protocol for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 119:2597–2605PubMed
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Olasveengen TM, de Caen AR, Mancini ME et al (2017) 2017 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations summary. Circulation 136:e424–e440PubMed Olasveengen TM, de Caen AR, Mancini ME et al (2017) 2017 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations summary. Circulation 136:e424–e440PubMed
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Ma MH, Lu TC, Ng JC et al (2007) Evaluation of emergency medical dispatch in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Taipei. Resuscitation 73:236–245PubMed Ma MH, Lu TC, Ng JC et al (2007) Evaluation of emergency medical dispatch in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Taipei. Resuscitation 73:236–245PubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Bohm K, Stalhandske B, Rosenqvist M, Ulfvarson J, Hollenberg J, Svensson L (2009) Tuition of emergency medical dispatchers in the recognition of agonal respiration increases the use of telephone assisted CPR. Resuscitation 80:1025–1028PubMed Bohm K, Stalhandske B, Rosenqvist M, Ulfvarson J, Hollenberg J, Svensson L (2009) Tuition of emergency medical dispatchers in the recognition of agonal respiration increases the use of telephone assisted CPR. Resuscitation 80:1025–1028PubMed
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Roppolo LP, Westfall A, Pepe PE et al (2009) Dispatcher assessments for agonal breathing improve detection of cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 80:769–772PubMed Roppolo LP, Westfall A, Pepe PE et al (2009) Dispatcher assessments for agonal breathing improve detection of cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 80:769–772PubMed
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Dami F, Fuchs V, Praz L, Vader JP (2010) Introducing systematic dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (telephone-CPR) in a non-Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System (AMPDS): implementation process and costs. Resuscitation 81:848–852PubMed Dami F, Fuchs V, Praz L, Vader JP (2010) Introducing systematic dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (telephone-CPR) in a non-Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System (AMPDS): implementation process and costs. Resuscitation 81:848–852PubMed
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Lewis M, Stubbs BA, Eisenberg MS (2013) Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation: time to identify cardiac arrest and deliver chest compression instructions. Circulation 128:1522–1530PubMed Lewis M, Stubbs BA, Eisenberg MS (2013) Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation: time to identify cardiac arrest and deliver chest compression instructions. Circulation 128:1522–1530PubMed
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Nichol G, Leroux B, Wang H et al (2015) Trial of continuous or interrupted chest compressions during CPR. N Engl J Med 373:2203–2214PubMed Nichol G, Leroux B, Wang H et al (2015) Trial of continuous or interrupted chest compressions during CPR. N Engl J Med 373:2203–2214PubMed
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Gold LS, Fahrenbruch CE, Rea TD, Eisenberg MS (2010) The relationship between time to arrival of emergency medical services (EMS) and survival from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 81:622–625PubMed Gold LS, Fahrenbruch CE, Rea TD, Eisenberg MS (2010) The relationship between time to arrival of emergency medical services (EMS) and survival from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 81:622–625PubMed
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Wik L, Hansen TB, Fylling F et al (2003) Delaying defibrillation to give basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation to patients with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation: a randomized trial. JAMA 289:1389–1395PubMed Wik L, Hansen TB, Fylling F et al (2003) Delaying defibrillation to give basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation to patients with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation: a randomized trial. JAMA 289:1389–1395PubMed
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Baker PW, Conway J, Cotton C et al (2008) Defibrillation or cardiopulmonary resuscitation first for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests found by paramedics to be in ventricular fibrillation? A randomised control trial. Resuscitation 79:424–431PubMed Baker PW, Conway J, Cotton C et al (2008) Defibrillation or cardiopulmonary resuscitation first for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests found by paramedics to be in ventricular fibrillation? A randomised control trial. Resuscitation 79:424–431PubMed
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacobs IG, Finn JC, Oxer HF, Jelinek GA (2005) CPR before defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a randomized trial. Emerg Med Australas 17:39–45PubMed Jacobs IG, Finn JC, Oxer HF, Jelinek GA (2005) CPR before defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a randomized trial. Emerg Med Australas 17:39–45PubMed
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Ma MH, Chiang WC, Ko PC et al (2012) A randomized trial of compression first or analyze first strategies in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: results from an Asian community. Resuscitation 83:806–812PubMed Ma MH, Chiang WC, Ko PC et al (2012) A randomized trial of compression first or analyze first strategies in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: results from an Asian community. Resuscitation 83:806–812PubMed
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Stiell IG, Nichol G, Leroux BG et al (2011) Early versus later rhythm analysis in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 365:787–797PubMedPubMedCentral Stiell IG, Nichol G, Leroux BG et al (2011) Early versus later rhythm analysis in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 365:787–797PubMedPubMedCentral
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Sunde K, Jacobs I, Deakin CD et al (2010) Part 6: Defibrillation: 2010 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Resuscitation 81(Suppl 1):e71–e85PubMed Sunde K, Jacobs I, Deakin CD et al (2010) Part 6: Defibrillation: 2010 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Resuscitation 81(Suppl 1):e71–e85PubMed
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacobs I, Sunde K, Deakin CD et al (2010) Part 6: Defibrillation: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation 122:S325–37PubMed Jacobs I, Sunde K, Deakin CD et al (2010) Part 6: Defibrillation: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation 122:S325–37PubMed
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Hostler D, Everson-Stewart S, Rea TD et al (2011) Effect of real-time feedback during cardiopulmonary resuscitation outside hospital: prospective, cluster-randomised trial. BMJ 342:d512PubMedPubMedCentral Hostler D, Everson-Stewart S, Rea TD et al (2011) Effect of real-time feedback during cardiopulmonary resuscitation outside hospital: prospective, cluster-randomised trial. BMJ 342:d512PubMedPubMedCentral
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Couper K, Kimani PK, Abella BS et al (2015) The system-wide effect of real-time audiovisual feedback and postevent debriefing for in-hospital cardiac arrest: the cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality improvement initiative. Crit Care Med 43:2321–2331PubMedPubMedCentral Couper K, Kimani PK, Abella BS et al (2015) The system-wide effect of real-time audiovisual feedback and postevent debriefing for in-hospital cardiac arrest: the cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality improvement initiative. Crit Care Med 43:2321–2331PubMedPubMedCentral
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Sainio M, Kamarainen A, Huhtala H et al (2013) Real-time audiovisual feedback system in a physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical service in Finland: the quality results and barriers to implementation. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 21:50PubMedPubMedCentral Sainio M, Kamarainen A, Huhtala H et al (2013) Real-time audiovisual feedback system in a physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical service in Finland: the quality results and barriers to implementation. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 21:50PubMedPubMedCentral
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Bobrow BJ, Vadeboncoeur TF, Stolz U et al (2013) The influence of scenario-based training and real-time audiovisual feedback on out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality and survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med 62:47–56e1PubMed Bobrow BJ, Vadeboncoeur TF, Stolz U et al (2013) The influence of scenario-based training and real-time audiovisual feedback on out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality and survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med 62:47–56e1PubMed
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Abella BS, Edelson DP, Kim S et al (2007) CPR quality improvement during in-hospital cardiac arrest using a real-time audiovisual feedback system. Resuscitation 73:54–61PubMed Abella BS, Edelson DP, Kim S et al (2007) CPR quality improvement during in-hospital cardiac arrest using a real-time audiovisual feedback system. Resuscitation 73:54–61PubMed
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Agerskov M, Hansen MB, Nielsen AM, Moller TP, Wissenberg M, Rasmussen LS (2017) Return of spontaneous circulation and long-term survival according to feedback provided by automated external defibrillators. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 61:1345–1353PubMedPubMedCentral Agerskov M, Hansen MB, Nielsen AM, Moller TP, Wissenberg M, Rasmussen LS (2017) Return of spontaneous circulation and long-term survival according to feedback provided by automated external defibrillators. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 61:1345–1353PubMedPubMedCentral
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Goharani R, Vahedian-Azimi A, Farzanegan B et al (2019) Real-time compression feedback for patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest: a multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial. J Intensive Care 7:5PubMedPubMedCentral Goharani R, Vahedian-Azimi A, Farzanegan B et al (2019) Real-time compression feedback for patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest: a multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial. J Intensive Care 7:5PubMedPubMedCentral
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Vahedian-Azimi A, Hajiesmaeili M, Amirsavadkouhi A et al (2016) Effect of the Cardio First Angel device on CPR indices: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Crit Care 20:147PubMedPubMedCentral Vahedian-Azimi A, Hajiesmaeili M, Amirsavadkouhi A et al (2016) Effect of the Cardio First Angel device on CPR indices: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Crit Care 20:147PubMedPubMedCentral
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Chiang WC, Chen WJ, Chen SY et al (2005) Better adherence to the guidelines during cardiopulmonary resuscitation through the provision of audio-prompts. Resuscitation 64:297–301PubMed Chiang WC, Chen WJ, Chen SY et al (2005) Better adherence to the guidelines during cardiopulmonary resuscitation through the provision of audio-prompts. Resuscitation 64:297–301PubMed
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Olasveengen TM, Mancini ME, Perkins GD et al (2020) Adult basic life support: international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Resuscitation 156:A35–A79PubMedPubMedCentral Olasveengen TM, Mancini ME, Perkins GD et al (2020) Adult basic life support: international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Resuscitation 156:A35–A79PubMedPubMedCentral
116.
Zurück zum Zitat White L, Rogers J, Bloomingdale M et al (2010) Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation: risks for patients not in cardiac arrest. Circulation 121:91–97PubMed White L, Rogers J, Bloomingdale M et al (2010) Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation: risks for patients not in cardiac arrest. Circulation 121:91–97PubMed
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Haley KB, Lerner EB, Pirrallo RG, Croft H, Johnson A, Uihlein M (2011) The frequency and consequences of cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed by bystanders on patients who are not in cardiac arrest. Prehosp Emerg Care 15:282–287PubMed Haley KB, Lerner EB, Pirrallo RG, Croft H, Johnson A, Uihlein M (2011) The frequency and consequences of cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed by bystanders on patients who are not in cardiac arrest. Prehosp Emerg Care 15:282–287PubMed
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Moriwaki Y, Sugiyama M, Tahara Y et al (2012) Complications of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation for unconscious patients without cardiopulmonary arrest. J Emerg Trauma Shock 5:3–6PubMedPubMedCentral Moriwaki Y, Sugiyama M, Tahara Y et al (2012) Complications of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation for unconscious patients without cardiopulmonary arrest. J Emerg Trauma Shock 5:3–6PubMedPubMedCentral
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanaka Y, Nishi T, Takase K et al (2014) Survey of a protocol to increase appropriate implementation of dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 129:1751–1760PubMed Tanaka Y, Nishi T, Takase K et al (2014) Survey of a protocol to increase appropriate implementation of dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 129:1751–1760PubMed
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Lu TC, Chang YT, Ho TW et al (2019) Using a smartwatch with real-time feedback improves the delivery of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation by healthcare professionals. Resuscitation 140:16–22PubMed Lu TC, Chang YT, Ho TW et al (2019) Using a smartwatch with real-time feedback improves the delivery of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation by healthcare professionals. Resuscitation 140:16–22PubMed
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Park SS (2014) Comparison of chest compression quality between the modified chest compression method with the use of smartphone application and the standardized traditional chest compression method during CPR. Technol Health Care 22:351–358PubMed Park SS (2014) Comparison of chest compression quality between the modified chest compression method with the use of smartphone application and the standardized traditional chest compression method during CPR. Technol Health Care 22:351–358PubMed
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Ringh M, Rosenqvist M, Hollenberg J et al (2015) Mobile-phone dispatch of laypersons for CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 372:2316–2325PubMed Ringh M, Rosenqvist M, Hollenberg J et al (2015) Mobile-phone dispatch of laypersons for CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 372:2316–2325PubMed
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee SY, Shin SD, Lee YJ et al (2019) Text message alert system and resuscitation outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a before-and-after population-based study. Resuscitation 138:198–207PubMed Lee SY, Shin SD, Lee YJ et al (2019) Text message alert system and resuscitation outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a before-and-after population-based study. Resuscitation 138:198–207PubMed
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Scquizzato T, Pallanch O, Belletti A et al (2020) Enhancing citizens response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review of mobile-phone systems to alert citizens as first responders. Resuscitation 152:16–25PubMedPubMedCentral Scquizzato T, Pallanch O, Belletti A et al (2020) Enhancing citizens response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review of mobile-phone systems to alert citizens as first responders. Resuscitation 152:16–25PubMedPubMedCentral
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Andelius L, Malta Hansen C, Lippert FK et al (2020) Smartphone activation of citizen responders to facilitate defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol 76:43–53PubMed Andelius L, Malta Hansen C, Lippert FK et al (2020) Smartphone activation of citizen responders to facilitate defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol 76:43–53PubMed
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin YY, Chiang WC, Hsieh MJ, Sun JT, Chang YC, Ma MH (2018) Quality of audio-assisted versus video-assisted dispatcher-instructed bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation 123:77–85PubMed Lin YY, Chiang WC, Hsieh MJ, Sun JT, Chang YC, Ma MH (2018) Quality of audio-assisted versus video-assisted dispatcher-instructed bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation 123:77–85PubMed
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee SY, Song KJ, Shin SD, Hong KJ, Kim TH (2020) Comparison of the effects of audio-instructed and video-instructed dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation on resuscitation outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 147:12–20PubMed Lee SY, Song KJ, Shin SD, Hong KJ, Kim TH (2020) Comparison of the effects of audio-instructed and video-instructed dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation on resuscitation outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 147:12–20PubMed
128.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim C, Choi HJ, Moon H et al (2019) Prehospital advanced cardiac life support by EMT with a smartphone-based direct medical control for nursing home cardiac arrest. Am J Emerg Med 37:585–589PubMed Kim C, Choi HJ, Moon H et al (2019) Prehospital advanced cardiac life support by EMT with a smartphone-based direct medical control for nursing home cardiac arrest. Am J Emerg Med 37:585–589PubMed
129.
Zurück zum Zitat Gulshan V, Peng L, Coram M et al (2016) Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm for detection of diabetic retinopathy in retinal fundus photographs. JAMA 316:2402–2410PubMed Gulshan V, Peng L, Coram M et al (2016) Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm for detection of diabetic retinopathy in retinal fundus photographs. JAMA 316:2402–2410PubMed
130.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajkomar A, Oren E, Chen K et al (2018) Scalable and accurate deep learning with electronic health records. NPJ Digit Med 1:18PubMedPubMedCentral Rajkomar A, Oren E, Chen K et al (2018) Scalable and accurate deep learning with electronic health records. NPJ Digit Med 1:18PubMedPubMedCentral
131.
Zurück zum Zitat Blomberg SN, Folke F, Ersboll AK et al (2019) Machine learning as a supportive tool to recognize cardiac arrest in emergency calls. Resuscitation 138:322–329PubMed Blomberg SN, Folke F, Ersboll AK et al (2019) Machine learning as a supportive tool to recognize cardiac arrest in emergency calls. Resuscitation 138:322–329PubMed
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Chan J, Rea T, Gollakota S, Sunshine JE (2019) Contactless cardiac arrest detection using smart devices. NPJ Digit Med 2:52PubMedPubMedCentral Chan J, Rea T, Gollakota S, Sunshine JE (2019) Contactless cardiac arrest detection using smart devices. NPJ Digit Med 2:52PubMedPubMedCentral
133.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwon JM, Jeon KH, Kim HM et al (2019) Deep-learning-based out-of-hospital cardiac arrest prognostic system to predict clinical outcomes. Resuscitation 139:84–91PubMed Kwon JM, Jeon KH, Kim HM et al (2019) Deep-learning-based out-of-hospital cardiac arrest prognostic system to predict clinical outcomes. Resuscitation 139:84–91PubMed
134.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Dury N, Ravn-Fischer A, Hollenberg J et al (2020) Identifying the relative importance of predictors of survival in out of hospital cardiac arrest: a machine learning study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 28:60PubMedPubMedCentral Al-Dury N, Ravn-Fischer A, Hollenberg J et al (2020) Identifying the relative importance of predictors of survival in out of hospital cardiac arrest: a machine learning study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 28:60PubMedPubMedCentral
135.
Zurück zum Zitat Claesson A, Backman A, Ringh M et al (2017) Time to delivery of an automated external defibrillator using a drone for simulated out-of-hospital cardiac arrests vs emergency medical services. JAMA 317:2332–2334PubMedPubMedCentral Claesson A, Backman A, Ringh M et al (2017) Time to delivery of an automated external defibrillator using a drone for simulated out-of-hospital cardiac arrests vs emergency medical services. JAMA 317:2332–2334PubMedPubMedCentral
136.
Zurück zum Zitat Boutilier JJ, Brooks SC, Janmohamed A et al (2017) Optimizing a drone network to deliver automated external defibrillators. Circulation 135:2454–2465PubMedPubMedCentral Boutilier JJ, Brooks SC, Janmohamed A et al (2017) Optimizing a drone network to deliver automated external defibrillators. Circulation 135:2454–2465PubMedPubMedCentral
137.
Zurück zum Zitat Vogele A, Strohle M, Paal P, Rauch S, Brugger H (2020) Can drones improve survival rates in mountain areas, providing automated external defibrillators? Resuscitation 146:277–278PubMed Vogele A, Strohle M, Paal P, Rauch S, Brugger H (2020) Can drones improve survival rates in mountain areas, providing automated external defibrillators? Resuscitation 146:277–278PubMed
138.
Zurück zum Zitat Sanfridsson J, Sparrevik J, Hollenberg J et al (2019) Drone delivery of an automated external defibrillator—a mixed method simulation study of bystander experience. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 27:40PubMedPubMedCentral Sanfridsson J, Sparrevik J, Hollenberg J et al (2019) Drone delivery of an automated external defibrillator—a mixed method simulation study of bystander experience. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 27:40PubMedPubMedCentral
139.
Zurück zum Zitat Fingerhut LA, Cox CS, Warner M (1998) International comparative analysis of injury mortality. Findings from the ICE on injury statistics. International Collaborative Effort on Injury Statistics. Adv Data 303:1–20 Fingerhut LA, Cox CS, Warner M (1998) International comparative analysis of injury mortality. Findings from the ICE on injury statistics. International Collaborative Effort on Injury Statistics. Adv Data 303:1–20
142.
Zurück zum Zitat Foltran F, Ballali S, Passali FM et al (2012) Foreign bodies in the airways: a meta-analysis of published papers. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 76(Suppl 1):S12–S19PubMed Foltran F, Ballali S, Passali FM et al (2012) Foreign bodies in the airways: a meta-analysis of published papers. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 76(Suppl 1):S12–S19PubMed
143.
Zurück zum Zitat Hemsley B, Steel J, Sheppard JJ, Malandraki GA, Bryant L, Balandin S (2019) Dying for a meal: an integrative review of characteristics of choking incidents and recommendations to prevent fatal and nonfatal choking across populations. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 28:1283–1297PubMed Hemsley B, Steel J, Sheppard JJ, Malandraki GA, Bryant L, Balandin S (2019) Dying for a meal: an integrative review of characteristics of choking incidents and recommendations to prevent fatal and nonfatal choking across populations. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 28:1283–1297PubMed
144.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong SC, Tariq SM (2011) Cardiac arrest following foreign-body aspiration. respir care 56:527–529PubMed Wong SC, Tariq SM (2011) Cardiac arrest following foreign-body aspiration. respir care 56:527–529PubMed
145.
Zurück zum Zitat Igarashi Y, Norii T, Sung-Ho K et al (2019) New classifications for Life-threatening foreign body airway obstruction. Am J Emerg Med 37:2177–2181PubMed Igarashi Y, Norii T, Sung-Ho K et al (2019) New classifications for Life-threatening foreign body airway obstruction. Am J Emerg Med 37:2177–2181PubMed
146.
Zurück zum Zitat Couper K, Hassan AA, Ohri V et al (2020) Removal of foreign body airway obstruction: a systematic review of interventions. Resuscitation 156:174–181PubMed Couper K, Hassan AA, Ohri V et al (2020) Removal of foreign body airway obstruction: a systematic review of interventions. Resuscitation 156:174–181PubMed
147.
Zurück zum Zitat Igarashi Y, Yokobori S, Yoshino Y, Masuno T, Miyauchi M, Yokota H (2017) Prehospital removal improves neurological outcomes in elderly patient with foreign body airway obstruction. Am J Emerg Med 35:1396–1399PubMed Igarashi Y, Yokobori S, Yoshino Y, Masuno T, Miyauchi M, Yokota H (2017) Prehospital removal improves neurological outcomes in elderly patient with foreign body airway obstruction. Am J Emerg Med 35:1396–1399PubMed
148.
Zurück zum Zitat Kinoshita K, Azuhata T, Kawano D, Kawahara Y (2015) Relationships between pre-hospital characteristics and outcome in victims of foreign body airway obstruction during meals. Resuscitation 88:63–67PubMed Kinoshita K, Azuhata T, Kawano D, Kawahara Y (2015) Relationships between pre-hospital characteristics and outcome in victims of foreign body airway obstruction during meals. Resuscitation 88:63–67PubMed
149.
Zurück zum Zitat Redding JS (1979) The choking controversy: critique of evidence on the Heimlich maneuver. Crit Care Med 7:475–479PubMed Redding JS (1979) The choking controversy: critique of evidence on the Heimlich maneuver. Crit Care Med 7:475–479PubMed
150.
Zurück zum Zitat Vilke GM, Smith AM, Ray LU, Steen PJ, Murrin PA, Chan TC (2004) Airway obstruction in children aged less than 5 years: the prehospital experience. Prehosp Emerg Care 8:196–199PubMed Vilke GM, Smith AM, Ray LU, Steen PJ, Murrin PA, Chan TC (2004) Airway obstruction in children aged less than 5 years: the prehospital experience. Prehosp Emerg Care 8:196–199PubMed
151.
Zurück zum Zitat Langhelle A, Sunde K, Wik L, Steen PA (2000) Airway pressure with chest compressions versus Heimlich manoeuvre in recently dead adults with complete airway obstruction. Resuscitation 44:105–108PubMed Langhelle A, Sunde K, Wik L, Steen PA (2000) Airway pressure with chest compressions versus Heimlich manoeuvre in recently dead adults with complete airway obstruction. Resuscitation 44:105–108PubMed
152.
Zurück zum Zitat Guildner CW, Williams D, Subitch T (1976) Airway obstructed by foreign material: the Heimlich maneuver. JACEP 5:675–677PubMed Guildner CW, Williams D, Subitch T (1976) Airway obstructed by foreign material: the Heimlich maneuver. JACEP 5:675–677PubMed
153.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruben H, Macnaughton FI (1978) The treatment of food-choking. Practitioner 221:725–729PubMed Ruben H, Macnaughton FI (1978) The treatment of food-choking. Practitioner 221:725–729PubMed
154.
Zurück zum Zitat Blain H, Bonnafous M, Grovalet N, Jonquet O, David M (2010) The table maneuver: a procedure used with success in four cases of unconscious choking older subjects. Am J Med 123:1150e7–1150e9 Blain H, Bonnafous M, Grovalet N, Jonquet O, David M (2010) The table maneuver: a procedure used with success in four cases of unconscious choking older subjects. Am J Med 123:1150e7–1150e9
155.
Zurück zum Zitat Pavitt MJ, Swanton LL, Hind M et al (2017) Choking on a foreign body: a physiological study of the effectiveness of abdominal thrust manoeuvres to increase thoracic pressure. Thorax 72:576–578PubMed Pavitt MJ, Swanton LL, Hind M et al (2017) Choking on a foreign body: a physiological study of the effectiveness of abdominal thrust manoeuvres to increase thoracic pressure. Thorax 72:576–578PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Basismaßnahmen zur Wiederbelebung Erwachsener (Basic Life Support)
Leitlinien des European Resuscitation Council 2021
verfasst von
Theresa M. Olasveengen
Federico Semeraro
Giuseppe Ristagno
Maaret Castren
Anthony Handley
Artem Kuzovlev
Koenraad G. Monsieurs
Violetta Raffay
Michael Smyth
Jasmeet Soar
Hildigunnur Svavarsdóttir
Gavin D. Perkins
Publikationsdatum
02.06.2021
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Notfall + Rettungsmedizin / Ausgabe 4/2021
Print ISSN: 1434-6222
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-0578
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-021-00885-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2021

Notfall + Rettungsmedizin 4/2021 Zur Ausgabe