Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie 3/2012

01.04.2012 | Beiträge zum Themenschwerpunkt

Anämie und Eisenmangel in der Geriatrie

Prävalenz, Diagnostik und neue Therapieoptionen

verfasst von: Dr. G. Röhrig, MPH, W. Doehner, R.M. Schaefer, R.J. Schulz

Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie | Ausgabe 3/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Die Anämie hat bei geriatrischen Patienten eine hohe Prävalenz. Diese beträgt bis zu 40% je nach untersuchtem Kollektiv. Anämie ist jedoch keine altersassoziierte eigenständige Erkrankung, sondern ein Symptom mit multifaktorieller Genese und hohem Risikopotenzial. Aufgrund ihrer direkten Einflussnahme auf Mortalität, Morbidität und Hospitalisierung ist eine differenzierte Diagnostik zur gezielten Therapieeinleitung von hoher klinischer und ökonomischer Bedeutung. Besonders im Zusammenhang mit chronischer Herzinsuffizienz gilt die Anämie inzwischen als unabhängiger Risikofaktor für Mortalität. Die hohe Prävalenz der Anämie bei chronischer Nierenerkrankung lässt sich heute durch einen kombinierten Mangel an Erythropoetin und Eisen erklären. Der vorliegende Beitrag beruht auf einer Zusammenfassung eines Satellitensymposiums während der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geriatrie 2010 in Potsdam. Er enthält eine Übersicht über Prävalenz und Auswirkung der Anämie im Alter und beleuchtet diagnostische Maßnahmen sowie aktuelle therapeutische Optionen.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Agarwal N et al (2009) Anemia of chronic diseases (anemia of inflammation). Acta Haematol 122:103–108PubMedCrossRef Agarwal N et al (2009) Anemia of chronic diseases (anemia of inflammation). Acta Haematol 122:103–108PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Anker SD et al (2009) Ferric carboxymaltose in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency. N Engl J Med 361:2436–2447PubMedCrossRef Anker SD et al (2009) Ferric carboxymaltose in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency. N Engl J Med 361:2436–2447PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Beard et al (1997) Risk of Alzheimer’s disease among elderly people with anemia: population based investigations in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Ann Epidemiol 7:219–224PubMedCrossRef Beard et al (1997) Risk of Alzheimer’s disease among elderly people with anemia: population based investigations in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Ann Epidemiol 7:219–224PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Beghé C et al (2004) Prevalence and outcomes of anemia in geriatrics: a systematic review of the literature. Am J Med 116:3S–10SPubMedCrossRef Beghé C et al (2004) Prevalence and outcomes of anemia in geriatrics: a systematic review of the literature. Am J Med 116:3S–10SPubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Beutler E, Waalen J (2006) The definition of anemia: what is the lower limit of normal of the blood hemoglobin concentration? Blood 107(5):1747–1750PubMedCrossRef Beutler E, Waalen J (2006) The definition of anemia: what is the lower limit of normal of the blood hemoglobin concentration? Blood 107(5):1747–1750PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Blanc B, Finch CA, Hallberg L et al (1968) Nutritional anaemias. Report of a WHO Scientific Group. WHO Tech Rep Ser 405:1–40 Blanc B, Finch CA, Hallberg L et al (1968) Nutritional anaemias. Report of a WHO Scientific Group. WHO Tech Rep Ser 405:1–40
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bolger AP, Bartlett FR, Penston HS et al (2006) Intravenous iron alone for the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 48:1225–1227PubMedCrossRef Bolger AP, Bartlett FR, Penston HS et al (2006) Intravenous iron alone for the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 48:1225–1227PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Clase CM et al (2007) Relationship between glomerular filtration rate and the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Nephron Clin Pract 105(4):c178–84PubMedCrossRef Clase CM et al (2007) Relationship between glomerular filtration rate and the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Nephron Clin Pract 105(4):c178–84PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Domenico I de et al (2009) Hepcidin induced internalization of ferroportin requires binding and cooperative interaction with JAK-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:3800–3805PubMedCrossRef Domenico I de et al (2009) Hepcidin induced internalization of ferroportin requires binding and cooperative interaction with JAK-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:3800–3805PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Du X et al (2008) The serine protease TMPRSS6 is required to sense iron deficiency. Science 320:1088–1092PubMedCrossRef Du X et al (2008) The serine protease TMPRSS6 is required to sense iron deficiency. Science 320:1088–1092PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Ezekowitz JA, McAlister FA, Armstrong PW (2003) Anemia is common in heart failure and is associated with poor outcomes: insights from a cohort of 12,065 patients with new-onset heart failure. Circulation 107(2):223–225PubMedCrossRef Ezekowitz JA, McAlister FA, Armstrong PW (2003) Anemia is common in heart failure and is associated with poor outcomes: insights from a cohort of 12,065 patients with new-onset heart failure. Circulation 107(2):223–225PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Fishbane S (2007) Iron management in non-dialysis dependent CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 49(6):736–743PubMedCrossRef Fishbane S (2007) Iron management in non-dialysis dependent CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 49(6):736–743PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Fishbane S et al (2009) Iron deficiency in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 75:752–754PubMedCrossRef Fishbane S et al (2009) Iron deficiency in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 75:752–754PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaskell H et al (2008) Prevalence of anaemia in older persons: systematic review. BMC Geriatr 8:1PubMedCrossRef Gaskell H et al (2008) Prevalence of anaemia in older persons: systematic review. BMC Geriatr 8:1PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Gotloib L et al (2006) Iron deficiency is a common cause of of anemia in chronic kidney disease and can often be corrected with intravenous iron. J Nephrol 19:161–167PubMed Gotloib L et al (2006) Iron deficiency is a common cause of of anemia in chronic kidney disease and can often be corrected with intravenous iron. J Nephrol 19:161–167PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Guralnik JM, Eisenstaedt RS, Ferrucci L et al (2004) Prevalence of anemia in persons 65 years and older in the United States: evidence for a high rate of unexplained anemia. Blood 104(8):2263–2268PubMedCrossRef Guralnik JM, Eisenstaedt RS, Ferrucci L et al (2004) Prevalence of anemia in persons 65 years and older in the United States: evidence for a high rate of unexplained anemia. Blood 104(8):2263–2268PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Hsu CY et al (2002) Iron status and hemoglobin level in chronic renal insufficiency. J Am Soc Nephrol 13:2783–2786PubMedCrossRef Hsu CY et al (2002) Iron status and hemoglobin level in chronic renal insufficiency. J Am Soc Nephrol 13:2783–2786PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacober ML et al (2007) Anaemia in patients with cancer: role of inflammatory activity on iron metabolism and severity of anaemia. Med Oncol 24(3):323–329PubMedCrossRef Jacober ML et al (2007) Anaemia in patients with cancer: role of inflammatory activity on iron metabolism and severity of anaemia. Med Oncol 24(3):323–329PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Kikuchi M et al (2001) Five-year survival of older people with anemia: variation with haemoglobin concentration. J Am Geriatr Soc 49:1226–1228PubMedCrossRef Kikuchi M et al (2001) Five-year survival of older people with anemia: variation with haemoglobin concentration. J Am Geriatr Soc 49:1226–1228PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Kosiborod M, Smith GL, Radford MJ et al (2003) The prognostic importance of anemia in patients with heart failure. Am J Med 114:112–119PubMedCrossRef Kosiborod M, Smith GL, Radford MJ et al (2003) The prognostic importance of anemia in patients with heart failure. Am J Med 114:112–119PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Krum H, Jelinek MV, Stewart S et al (2011) 2011 update to National Heart Foundation of Australia and Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand Guidelines for the prevention, detection and management of chronic heart failure in Australia, 2006. Med J Aust 194:405–409PubMed Krum H, Jelinek MV, Stewart S et al (2011) 2011 update to National Heart Foundation of Australia and Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand Guidelines for the prevention, detection and management of chronic heart failure in Australia, 2006. Med J Aust 194:405–409PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee P et al (2008) The anemia of ageing is not associated with increased plasma hepcidin levels. Blood Cells Mol Dis 41:252–254PubMedCrossRef Lee P et al (2008) The anemia of ageing is not associated with increased plasma hepcidin levels. Blood Cells Mol Dis 41:252–254PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Link H, Bokemeyer C (2008) S-3 Leitlinie „Anämie bei Krebs“ der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft, Arbeitskreis Supportive Maßnahmen in der Onkologie (ASO). Zuckschwerdt, München Link H, Bokemeyer C (2008) S-3 Leitlinie „Anämie bei Krebs“ der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft, Arbeitskreis Supportive Maßnahmen in der Onkologie (ASO). Zuckschwerdt, München
24.
Zurück zum Zitat MacDougall IC (2001) Hyporesponsiveness to anemia therapy – what are we doing wrong? Perit Dial Int 21(Suppl 3):225–230 MacDougall IC (2001) Hyporesponsiveness to anemia therapy – what are we doing wrong? Perit Dial Int 21(Suppl 3):225–230
25.
Zurück zum Zitat National Kidney Foundation: KDOQI (2006) Clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice recommendations for anemia in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 47(Suppl 3):11–145CrossRef National Kidney Foundation: KDOQI (2006) Clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice recommendations for anemia in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 47(Suppl 3):11–145CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Nemeth E et al (2004) Hepcidin regulates cellular iron reflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization. Science 306:2090–2093PubMedCrossRef Nemeth E et al (2004) Hepcidin regulates cellular iron reflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization. Science 306:2090–2093PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Nemeth E et al (2003) Hepcidine a putative mediator of anemia of inflammation, is a type II acute phase protein. Blood 101:2461–2463PubMedCrossRef Nemeth E et al (2003) Hepcidine a putative mediator of anemia of inflammation, is a type  II acute phase protein. Blood 101:2461–2463PubMedCrossRef
28.
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Nicolas G et al (2002) Hepcidin, a new iron regulatory peptide. Blood Cells Mol Dis 29(3):327–335PubMedCrossRef Nicolas G et al (2002) Hepcidin, a new iron regulatory peptide. Blood Cells Mol Dis 29(3):327–335PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Okonko DO, Grzeslo A, Witkowski T et al (2008) Effect of intravenous iron sucrose on exercise tolerance in anemic and nonanemic patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure and iron deficiency. FERRIC-HF: a randomized, controlled, observer-blinded trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 51:103–112PubMedCrossRef Okonko DO, Grzeslo A, Witkowski T et al (2008) Effect of intravenous iron sucrose on exercise tolerance in anemic and nonanemic patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure and iron deficiency. FERRIC-HF: a randomized, controlled, observer-blinded trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 51:103–112PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Salive et al (1992) Anemia and hemoglobin levels in older persons: relationship with age, gender and health status. J Am Geriatr Soc 40:489–496PubMed Salive et al (1992) Anemia and hemoglobin levels in older persons: relationship with age, gender and health status. J Am Geriatr Soc 40:489–496PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Schaefer RM et al (2009) Konsensuspapier – Eisen-Management bei Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz. Nephro-News 6. http://www.medicom.cc Schaefer RM et al (2009) Konsensuspapier – Eisen-Management bei Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz. Nephro-News 6. http://​www.​medicom.​cc
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Sharma R, Francis DP, Pitt B et al (2004) Haemoglobin predicts survival in patients with chronic heart failure: a substudy of the ELITE II trial. Eur Heart J 25(12):1021–8PubMedCrossRef Sharma R, Francis DP, Pitt B et al (2004) Haemoglobin predicts survival in patients with chronic heart failure: a substudy of the ELITE II trial. Eur Heart J 25(12):1021–8PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Silverberg D, Wexler D, Blum M et al (2003) The cardio-renal anaemia syndrome: does it exist? Nephrol Dial Transplant 18(Suppl 8):viii7–12PubMed Silverberg D, Wexler D, Blum M et al (2003) The cardio-renal anaemia syndrome: does it exist? Nephrol Dial Transplant 18(Suppl 8):viii7–12PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat  Silverberg DS, Wexler D, Blum M et al (2000) The use of subcutaneous erythropoietin and intravenous iron for the treatment of the anemia of severe, resistant congestive heart failure improves cardiac and renal function and functional cardiac class, and markedly reduces hospitalizations. J Am Coll Cardiol 35(7):1737–1744 PubMedCrossRef  Silverberg DS, Wexler D, Blum M et al (2000) The use of subcutaneous erythropoietin and intravenous iron for the treatment of the anemia of severe, resistant congestive heart failure improves cardiac and renal function and functional cardiac class, and markedly reduces hospitalizations. J Am Coll Cardiol 35(7):1737–1744 PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Suzuki H et al (2009) Serum hepcidin-20 is elevated during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Tohoku J Exp med 218(2):93–98PubMedCrossRef Suzuki H et al (2009) Serum hepcidin-20 is elevated during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Tohoku J Exp med 218(2):93–98PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanner H, Moschovitis G, Kuster GM et al (2002) The prevalence of anemia in chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol 86(1):115–121PubMedCrossRef Tanner H, Moschovitis G, Kuster GM et al (2002) The prevalence of anemia in chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol 86(1):115–121PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Tessitore N et al (2010) Hepcidin is not useful as a biomarker for iron needs in haemodialysis patients on maintenance erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. Nephrol Dial Transplant (Epub ahead of print) Tessitore N et al (2010) Hepcidin is not useful as a biomarker for iron needs in haemodialysis patients on maintenance erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. Nephrol Dial Transplant (Epub ahead of print)
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas MC et al (2004) The burden of anaemia in type 2 diabetes and the role of nephropathy: a cross-sectional audit. Nephrol Dial Transplant 19(7):1792–1797PubMedCrossRef Thomas MC et al (2004) The burden of anaemia in type 2 diabetes and the role of nephropathy: a cross-sectional audit. Nephrol Dial Transplant 19(7):1792–1797PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Truks J et al (2009) Two BMP responsive elements, STAT, and bZIP/HNF2/COUP motifs of the hepcidin promoter are critical for BMP, SMAD1, and HJV responsiveness. Blood 113:688–695CrossRef Truks J et al (2009) Two BMP responsive elements, STAT, and bZIP/HNF2/COUP motifs of the hepcidin promoter are critical for BMP, SMAD1, and HJV responsiveness. Blood 113:688–695CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Ukarma L et al (2009) Hepcidin as a predictor of response to epoetin therapy in anemic cancer patients. Clin Chem 55(7):1354–1360PubMedCrossRef Ukarma L et al (2009) Hepcidin as a predictor of response to epoetin therapy in anemic cancer patients. Clin Chem 55(7):1354–1360PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Weiss G et al (2009) Serum hepcidin concentration in chronic haemodialysis patients: associations and effects of dialysis, iron and erythropoietin therapy. Eur J Clin Invest 39(10):883–890PubMedCrossRef Weiss G et al (2009) Serum hepcidin concentration in chronic haemodialysis patients: associations and effects of dialysis, iron and erythropoietin therapy. Eur J Clin Invest 39(10):883–890PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Zaritsky J et al (2009) Hepcidin – a potential novel biomarker for iron status in chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Neprol 6:1015–1016 Zaritsky J et al (2009) Hepcidin – a potential novel biomarker for iron status in chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Neprol 6:1015–1016
Metadaten
Titel
Anämie und Eisenmangel in der Geriatrie
Prävalenz, Diagnostik und neue Therapieoptionen
verfasst von
Dr. G. Röhrig, MPH
W. Doehner
R.M. Schaefer
R.J. Schulz
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2012
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie / Ausgabe 3/2012
Print ISSN: 0948-6704
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-1269
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-012-0320-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2012

Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie 3/2012 Zur Ausgabe

Mitteilungen der DGG

Mitteilungen der DGG

Editorial

Editorial

Mitteilungen des BV Geriatrie

Mitteilungen des BV Geriatrie

Mitteilungen der ÖGGG

Mitteilungen der ÖGGG